Then,
$ gcc telnet_slug.c -o telnet_slug
to compile the program. You also need to set your network configuration so that your computer can respond to the Slug when it starts up with IP address 192.168.0.1. For my Fedora 8 system, I use the following:
$ sudo /sbin/ifconfig eth0:1 inet 192.168.0.2 broadcast 192.168.0.255 netmask 255.255.255.0
You'll find other suggestions for other operating systems at the top of the aforementioned web page. Now, run the program before you power on the Slug and you should see:
$ ./telnet_slug
== Executing boot script in 1.950 seconds - enter ^C to abort
Telnet escape character is '~'.
Trying 192.168.0.1...
Connected to 192.168.0.1.
Escape character is '~'.
RedBoot>
What could be easier? Occasionally, the system trying to telnet into RedBoot will be a little too slow, so if you don't see anything happening after a minute or so, try again. For reference, my Slug with the clock speed-up modification, takes 12 seconds from power on to the RedBoot prompt. Presumably, it will take 24 seconds if you have an older Slug without the modification.
#Booting the Slug with NFS
Now, start up the NSLU2 and interrupt the boot process as described above:
$ ./telnet_slug
== Executing boot script in 1.960 seconds - enter ^C to abort
Telnet escape character is '~'.
Trying 192.168.0.1...
Connected to 192.168.0.1.
Escape character is '~'.
RedBoot> ip_address -h 192.168.0.2
IP: 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0, Gateway: 192.168.0.1
Default server: 192.168.0.2, DNS server IP: 0.0.0.0
RedBoot> load -r -b 0x200000 netbsd-nfs.bin
Using default protocol (TFTP)
Raw file loaded 0x00200000-0x004a2ba7, assumed entry at 0x00200000
RedBoot> g
~
telnet> q
Connection closed.
$ telnet slug1
Trying 192.168.1.240...
Connected to slug1.
Escape character is '^]'.
NetBSD/evbarm (slug1) (ttyp0)
login: root
Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
2006, 2007, 2008
The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
NetBSD 4.99.54 (NSLU2_NFS) #0: Fri Feb 15 23:04:29 EST 2008
Welcome to NetBSD!
This system is running a development snapshot of the NetBSD operating system,
also known as NetBSD-current. It is highly possible for it to contain serious
bugs, regressions, broken features or other problems. Please bear this in mind
and use the system with care.
You are encouraged to test this version as thoroughly as possible. Should you
encounter any problem, please report it back to the development team using the
send-pr(1) utility (requires a working MTA). If yours is not properly set up,
use the web interface at: http://www.NetBSD.org/support/send-pr.html
Thank you for helping us test and improve NetBSD.
We recommend creating a non-root account and using su(1) for root access.
slug1#
The first time I booted the Slug using NFS, it took several minutes to setup up files and such, so be patient.
#Using sysinst to install NetBSD onto a USB drive
If you're new to NetBSD, you might feel more comfortable using the NetBSD installer to set up NetBSD on your USB thumb or hard disk. Everything you need was built during the kernel build steps above. The installer consists of five files; one is the executable and the other four are the installation messages in German, French, Spanish, and Polish. To use the installer, move it to the NFS server used above to boot up the NSLU2 and add the installation directory to the exported NFS directories in /etc/exports on the NFS server. Don't forget to update the exports list.
$ cd ~/net/src/distrib/evbarm/instkernel/ramdisk/obj/work/
$ scp sysinst* nfsserver:/export/client/
$ sudo nano /etc/exports
$ sudo /usr/sbin/exportfs -ra
NFS server's /etc/exports:
/export/client 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
/export/client/root 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
/export/client/swap 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0(rw,sync,no_root_squash)
Boot up the slug as before, and mount the newly exported directory.
slug1# mkdir /mnt/inst
slug1# mount -t nfs nfsserver:/export/client /mnt/inst
slug1# ls -la /mnt/inst
total 18064
drwxrwxrwx 6 root wheel 4096 Mar 7 19:41 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 4096 Mar 7 19:52 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4096 Feb 26 21:53 home
drwxr-xr-x 3 500 501 4096 Mar 7 16:03 releasedir
drwxr-xr-x 20 root wheel 4096 Mar 7 16:05 root
-rw------- 1 root wheel 16777216 Feb 28 03:15 swap
-r-xr-xr-x 1 500 501 1571140 Mar 7 19:41 sysinst
-r--r--r-- 1 500 501 23994 Mar 7 19:41 sysinstmsgs.de
-r--r--r-- 1 500 501 23727 Mar 7 19:41 sysinstmsgs.es
-r--r--r-- 1 500 501 23785 Mar 7 19:41 sysinstmsgs.fr
-r--r--r-- 1 500 501 21140 Mar 7 19:41 sysinstmsgs.pl
drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 4096 Feb 26 21:53 usr
Make sure that NetBSD recognizes your USB drive.
slug1# dmesg | grep sd
sd0 at scsibus0 target 0 lun 0: disk removable
sd0: 3919 MB, 7964 cyl, 16 head, 63 sec, 512 bytes/sect x 8027793 sectors
Change to the directory with the installer and run it. You'll see the following messages on your telnet terminal.
slug1# cd /mnt/inst
slug1# ./sysinst
Welcome to sysinst, the NetBSD-4.99.55 system installation tool. This menu-driven tool is designed
to help you install NetBSD to a hard disk, or upgrade an existing NetBSD system, with a minimum of work.
[...snip (Select your language preference)...]
+-----------------------------------------------+
¦ NetBSD-4.99.55 Install System ¦
¦ ¦
¦ ¦
¦>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk ¦
¦ b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk ¦
¦ c: Re-install sets or install additional sets ¦
¦ d: Reboot the computer ¦
¦ e: Utility menu ¦
¦ x: Exit Install System ¦
+-----------------------------------------------+
First, select the utility menu option. From here, set up your network so that the installation program can generate the necessary files in /etc. When done, return to the install system menu and select the "Install NetBSD to hard disk" option and follow the instructions. When you get to the third menu, select "Custom installation". Then mark the following items Yes:
The following is the list of distribution sets that will be used.
Distribution set Selected
------------------------ --------
a: Kernel (ADI_BRH) No
b: Kernel (INTERGRATOR) No
c: Kernel (IQ80310) No
d: Kernel (IQ80321) No
e: Kernel (TEAMASA_NPWR) No
f: Kernel (TS7200) No
g: Base Yes
h: System (/etc) Yes
i: Compiler Tools Yes
j: Games No
k: Online Manual Pages Yes
l: Miscellaneous Yes
m: Test programs Yes
n: Text Processing Tools Yes
o: X11 sets None
>x: Install selected sets
Continue with the normal installation. When asked for the location of the distribution files, select Local Directory.
Your disk is now ready for installing the kernel and the distribution sets.
As noted in your INSTALL notes, you have several options. For ftp or nfs,
you must be connected to a network with access to the proper machines.
Sets selected 7, processed 0, Next set base.
+-------------------------+
¦ Install from ¦
¦ ¦
¦ a: CD-ROM / DVD ¦
¦ b: FTP ¦
¦ c: HTTP ¦
¦ d: NFS ¦
¦ e: Floppy ¦
¦ f: Unmounted fs ¦
¦>g: Local directory ¦
¦ h: Skip set ¦
¦ i: Skip set group ¦
¦ j: Abandon installation ¦
+-------------------------+
Next screen:
Enter the already-mounted local directory where the distribution is located.
Remember, the directory should contain the .tgz files.
>a: Base directory /mnt/inst/releasedir
b: Set directory /evbarm/binary/sets
x: Continue
Make sure you enter a password for the root user, since we are going to use secure shell to login to the NSLU2. Once the installation is finished, NetBSD checks the file system to see if everything looks OK. Since we didn't install a kernel to the disk, NetBSD will think that the installation is incomplete. You can ignore the warning message. Exit the installation, which unmounts the USB disk, and remount the disk. Edit the two files below, then reboot the NSLU2.
slug1# mkdir /mnt/d0
slug1# mount /dev/sd0a /mnt/d0
slug1# cd /mnt/d0/etc
slug1# vi rc.conf
slug1# vi ssh/sshd_config
slug1# reboot
Slug's rc.conf:
#
# see rc.conf(5) for more information.
#
# Use program=YES to enable program, NO to disable it. program_flags are
# passed to the program on the command line.
#
# Load the defaults in from /etc/defaults/rc.conf (if it's readable).
# These can be overridden below.
#
if [ -r /etc/defaults/rc.conf ]; then
. /etc/defaults/rc.conf
fi
# If this is not set to YES, the system will drop into single-user mode.
#
rc_configured=YES
# Add local overrides below
#
hostname=slug1.
defaultroute="192.168.1.1"
sshd=YES
Slug's ssh/sshd_config:
# $NetBSD: how_to_install_netbsd_on_the_linksys_nslu2___40__slug__41___without_a_serial_port__44___using_nfs_and_telnet.mdwn,v 1.3 2019/04/08 13:40:19 sevan Exp $
# $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.75 2007/03/19 01:01:29 djm Exp $
# This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See
# sshd_config(5) for more information.
# The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with
# OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where
# possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a
# default value.
[...snip...]
PermitRootLogin yes
[...snip...]
After rebooting, use the method described above for interrrupting the boot process with telnet, assign the host ip address and use tftp to load the kernel netbsd-sd0.bin, which uses sd0a as the root drive. Remember, this is one of the three kernels we built earlier. You should be able to ssh to your Slug and login as root.
$ ./telnet_slug
== Executing boot script in 1.640 seconds - enter ^C to abort
Telnet escape character is '~'.
Trying 192.168.0.1...
Connected to 192.168.0.1.
Escape character is '~'.
RedBoot> ip_address -h 192.168.0.2
IP: 192.168.0.1/255.255.255.0, Gateway: 192.168.0.1
Default server: 192.168.0.2, DNS server IP: 0.0.0.0
RedBoot> load -r -b 0x200000 netbsd-sd0.bin
Using default protocol (TFTP)
Raw file loaded 0x00200000-0x004a2b9f, assumed entry at 0x00200000
RedBoot> g
~
telnet> q
Connection closed.
$ ssh root@slug1
Password:
Last login: Thu Mar 20 21:51:38 2008 from 192.168.1.105
NetBSD 4.99.55 (NSLU2_ALL) #0: Sat Mar 8 11:33:58 EST 2008
Welcome to NetBSD!
[...snip...]
Terminal type is xterm.
We recommend creating a non-root account and using su(1) for root access.
slug1#
#Troubleshooting
##Can't format USB drive with sysinstall
On occasion, I've had trouble with sysinst failing to install to the USB drive. The symptom(s) seen most often is the slug hanging up when formatting the disk or untarring the distribution tarballs. I've had some success deleting the disklabel for the USB drive and then restarting sysinst. To do this (reference: To clear the disklabels), exit the install system and enter at the root prompt:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sd0c bs=8k count=1
Then, restart the installer and try again. Of course, make sure you use the device that corresponds to the USB drive you want to work on.
##Build error with some versions of Linux
With certain version of Linux (notably Fedora 7), I get an error that looks like:
checking for i686-pc-linux-gnu-gcc... cc
checking for C compiler default output file name... configure: error: C compiler cannot create executables
See `config.log' for more details.
nbgmake: *** [configure-gcc] Error 1
*** Failed target: .build_done
(more error output)
Try defining the following two variables, then follow the build instructions above:
$ export HOST_CC=/usr/bin/gcc
$ export HOST_CXX=/usr/bin/g++
You can find additional suggestions in ~/net/src/BUILDING.
#Versions that are known to work
Since, at the time of this writing, you must use -current to get a version of NetBSD that will run on the Slug, you will occasionally find that the kernel doesn't boot quite right. Don't complain - that's what -current is for. Here, we'll try to keep track of the latest version of NetBSD that is known to build and boot correctly. You can get these versions by changing the CVS command line. To get an older version of NetBSD-current use:
$ export CVS_RSH="ssh"
$ export CVSROOT="anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot"
$ cd ~/net
$ cvs checkout -D 20080420-UTC src
The script build.sh has changed since this article was first written. The following worked on August 23, 2008:
export CVS_RSH="ssh"
export CVSROOT="anoncvs@anoncvs.NetBSD.org:/cvsroot"
cvs checkout -D 20080821-UTC src
**Note:** A checkout date of 20081215-UTC built and ran correctly.
**Note:** There have been some reported problems with the 20081215 build.
Get the NPE code from Intel, as above. Setup the kernel configuration files as above. Then, build as follows:
./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -m evbarm-eb tools
./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -U -u -m evbarm-eb distribution
./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -U -u -m evbarm-eb -V KERNEL_SETS=NSLU2_ALL release
The files you'll need are now in *~/net/obj/releasedir/evbarm/binary/sets*.
#To add USB audio support
Create the kernel configuration file:
$ echo 'include "arch/evbarm/conf/NSLU2"' >NSLU2_AUDIO
$ echo 'uaudio* at uhub? port ? configuration ?' >>NSLU2_AUDIO
$ echo 'audio* at uaudio?' >>NSLU2_AUDIO
$ echo 'config netbsd-aud-npe0 root on npe0 type nfs' >>NSLU2_AUDIO
$ echo 'config netbsd-aud-sd0 root on sd0a type ffs' >>NSLU2_AUDIO
$ echo 'config netbsd-aud-sd1 root on sd1a type ffs' >>NSLU2_AUDIO
Build as described in the above link, except change the final build command line to:
$ ./build.sh -u -U -m evbarm -a armeb -V KERNEL_SETS=NSLU2_AUDIO release
## Boot the kernel
Use tftp to load the kernel as described in the link above. You should see the following lines (or something similar) in your dmesg or console output. The order of the lines may be slightly different. You may not see anything about "uhub3" unless you have an external hub.
uhub0 at usb1: vendor 0x1033 OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub0: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered
uhub1 at usb2: vendor 0x1033 EHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub1: 5 ports with 5 removable, self powered
uhub2 at usb0: vendor 0x1033 OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
uhub2: 3 ports with 3 removable, self powered
ehci0: handing over full speed device on port 1 to ohci0
uaudio0 at uhub2 port 1 configuration 1 interface 0: C-Media INC. USB Sound Device, rev 1.10/0.10, addr 2
uaudio0: audio rev 1.00
audio0 at uaudio0: full duplex, independent
uhub3 at uhub1 port 2: vendor 0x0409 product 0x005a, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 2
Note in particular the line that says "ehci0: handing over full speed device on port 1 to ohci0." The NetBSD USB ehci driver can not handle isochronous devices (required for audio), but the ohci driver can. Unfortunately, it also appears that NetBSD can not handle an attached hub with the ohci driver, so you can't plug the USB audio device into a hub - it must be plugged directly into one of the two USB ports on the back of the device.
## Add the device entry in /dev
As root, enter the following:
# cd /dev
# ./MAKEDEV audio
You should now be able to play music to /dev/audio. If you want to play mp3 files, I recommend using _madplay_, which can be added using packages.