1: QEMU for NetBSD
2:
3: # Current status
4:
5: Summary of the current status of QEMU hosted on a NetBSD host.
6:
7: ## What works?
8:
9: Quick summary:
10:
11: - The NetBSD target builds and works out of the box with elementary features.
12:
13: - There is a pkgsrc package that ships a recent version.
14:
15: - QEMU should work with all currently supported NetBSD versions starting from 6.x.
16:
17: - QEMU as of today is not PaX MPROTECT safe.
18:
19: - All tests in the check target pass.
20:
21: - NetBSD is a maintained platform.
22:
23: ## Standard features matrix
24:
25: Elementary features for NetBSD are probably well supported.
26:
27: Name | Description | NetBSD status
28: ----------------------|----------------------------------------------------|--------------
29: python | Python programming language | should work
30: smbd | Samba | net/samba, untested
31: git | GIT VCS | should work
32: debug | | should work
33: sanitizers | ASan, UBSan, ASan headers | should work
34: sanitizers Fibers | Asan headers with fibers | Futue GCC/Clang should work
35: stack-protector | Stack protector | works
36: audio oss | OSS audio backend | should work
37: audio sdl | SDL audio backend | should work
38: coroutine ucontext | | should work
39: coroutine sigaltstack | | should work
40: coroutine windows | | N/A, Windows specific
41: slirp | User networking | works
42: tcg-interpreter | Tiny Code Generator | should work
43: malloc-trim | GNU malloc(3) optimization | N/A, Linux specific
44: gcov | Test Coverage Program | should work
45: gprof | GNU profiling | should work
46: profiler | | should work
47:
48:
49: ## Optional feature matrix
50:
51: Additional features support various extensions,
52: most of them are a matter of using the emulator with a 3rd party and are OS independent.
53:
54: Part of features require OS specific extensions.
55:
56: Name | Description | NetBSD status
57: ---------------|----------------------------------------------------|--------------
58: system | all system emulation targets | works
59: user | supported user emulation targets | broken
60: linux-user | all linux usermode emulation targets | N/A
61: bsd-user | all BSD usermode emulation targets | broken (FreeBSD ships local patches)
62: docs | build documentation | should work
63: guest-agent | build the QEMU Guest Agent | unknown, probably broken
64: guest-agent-msi| build guest agent Windows MSI installation package | unknown, probably broken
65: pie | Position Independent Executables | should work
66: modules | QEMU modules support (not kernel modules) | unknown, should work
67: debug-tcg | TCG debugging (default is disabled) | should work
68: debug-info | debugging information | should work
69: sparse | sparse checker | should work
70: gnutls | GNUTLS cryptography support | should work
71: nettle | nettle cryptography support | should work
72: gcrypt | libgcrypt cryptography support | should work
73: sdl | SDL UI | should work
74: --with-sdlabi | select preferred SDL ABI 1.2 or 2.0 | should work, not imporant
75: gtk | gtk UI | should work
76: --with-gtkabi | select preferred GTK ABI 2.0 or 3.0 | should work, not important
77: vte | vte support for the gtk UI | should work
78: curses | curses UI | works with native NetBSD 8.0 curses(3)
79: vnc | VNC UI support | should work
80: vnc-sasl | SASL encryption for VNC server | should work
81: vnc-jpeg | JPEG lossy compression for VNC server | should work
82: vnc-png | PNG compression for VNC server | should work
83: cocoa | Cocoa UI (Mac OS X only) | N/A, Darwin specific
84: virtfs | VirtFS | probably broken
85: mpath | Multipath persistent reservation passthrough | unknown, problably not supported
86: xen | xen backend driver support | unknown
87: xen-pci-passthrough | PCI passthrough support for Xen | unknown, probably not supported
88: brlapi | BrlAPI (Braile) | unknown, should work
89: curl | curl connectivity | should work
90: membarrier | membarrier system call (for Linux 4.14+ or Windows)| not supported
91: fdt | fdt device tree | unknown, should work
92: bluez | bluez stack connectivity | unknown
93: kvm | KVM acceleration support | N/A , Linux specific kernel APIs required in userland
94: hax | HAX acceleration support | mostly works
95: hvf | Hypervisor.framework acceleration support | not ported, Darwin specific
96: whpx | Windows Hypervisor Platform acceleration support | N/A
97: rdma | Enable RDMA-based migration and PVRDMA support | unknown, probably not supported
98: vde | support for vde network | probably not supported and Linux specific as of today
99: netmap | support for netmap network | not supported (FreeBSD specific?)
100: linux-aio | Linux AIO support | not supported, Linux specific
101: cap-ng | libcap-ng support | not supported, Linux specific
102: attr | attr and xattr support | N/A, Linux specific ?
103: vhost-net | vhost-net acceleration support | not supported
104: vhost-crypto | vhost-crypto acceleration support | not supported
105: spice | spice | unknown, probably not supported
106: rbd | rados block device (rbd) | unknown
107: libiscsi | iscsi support | unknown
108: libnfs | nfs support | unknown
109: smartcard | smartcard support (libcacard) | unknown
110: libusb | libusb (for usb passthrough) | unknown
111: live-block-migration | Block migration in the main migration stream| unknown
112: usb-redir | usb network redirection support | unknown
113: lzo | support of lzo compression library | should work
114: snappy | support of snappy compression library | should work
115: bzip2 | support of bzip2 compression library | should work
116: seccomp | seccomp support | Linux specific (?)
117: coroutine-pool | coroutine freelist (better performance) | unknown
118: glusterfs | GlusterFS backend | unknown
119: tpm | TPM support | unknown
120: libssh2 | ssh block device support | should work
121: numa | libnuma support | not ported
122: libxml2 | for Parallels image format | should work
123: tcmalloc | tcmalloc support | should work
124: jemalloc | jemalloc support | works
125: replication | replication support | not ported, N/A ?, Linux specific
126: vhost-vsock | virtio sockets device support | not ported
127: opengl | opengl support | unknown
128: virglrenderer | virgl rendering support | unknown
129: xfsctl | xfsctl support | N/A / not ported
130: qom-cast-debug | cast debugging support | unknown
131: tools | build qemu-io, qemu-nbd and qemu-image tools | works (userland nbd only)
132: vxhs | Veritas HyperScale vDisk backend support | N/A ?
133: crypto-afalg | Linux AF_ALG crypto backend driver | N/A / not ported
134: vhost-user | vhost-user support | not ported
135: capstone | capstone disassembler support | should work
136:
137: ## External features
138:
139: 1. HQEMU
140:
141: > HQEMU is a retargetable and multi-threaded dynamic binary translator on multicores. It integrates QEMU and LLVM as its building blocks. The translator in the enhanced QEMU acts as a fast translator with low translation overhead. The optimization-intensive LLVM optimizer running on separate threads dynamically improves code for higher performance. With the hybrid QEMU+LLVM approach, HQEMU can achieve low translation overhead and good translated code quality.
142: > HQEMU supports process-level emulation and full-system virtualization. It provides translation modes of running the QEMU translator and LLVM optimizer in one process, or running the LLVM optimizer as a stand-alone optimization server (version 0.13.0).
143:
144: [http://itanium.iis.sinica.edu.tw/hqemu/](http://itanium.iis.sinica.edu.tw/hqemu/)
145:
146: 2. DPDK
147:
148: > DPDK is a set of libraries and drivers for fast packet processing.
149:
150: [https://dpdk.org/](https://dpdk.org/)
151:
152: 3. The ultimate CPU emulator
153:
154: > Unicorn is a lightweight multi-platform, multi-architecture CPU emulator framework.
155:
156: [https://www.unicorn-engine.org/](https://www.unicorn-engine.org/)
157:
158: ## Prioritized tasks
159:
160: 1. Upstream remaining local pkgsrc patches, mostly (old?) NetBSD and SmartOS related ones.
161:
162: 2. Make QEMU PaX MPROTECT safe.
163:
164: 3. Develop NetBSD USER emulation, attempt to either share the code with FreeBSD (bsd-user, old broken, downstream patches) or with Linux (linux-user, recent, actively maintained). Preferred approach is to share as much code with linux-user as possible, regardless of the state of bsd-user.
165:
166: ## HAXM
167:
168: > HAXM is a cross-platform hardware-assisted virtualization engine (hypervisor), widely used as an accelerator for Android Emulator and QEMU. It has always supported running on Windows and macOS, and has been ported to other host operating systems as well, such as Linux and NetBSD.
169:
170: > HAXM runs as a kernel-mode driver on the host operating system, and provides a KVM-like interface to user space, thereby enabling applications like QEMU to utilize the hardware virtualization capabilities built into modern Intel CPUs, namely Intel Virtualization Technology.
171:
172:
173: More information on the porting process is available on The NetBSD blog:
174:
175: http://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/the_hardware_assisted_virtualization_challenge
176:
177: A tutorial (outdated) by an early user of the support:
178:
179: http://polprog.net/blog/netbsd-hax/
180:
181: NetBSD/amd64 is the only supported host of the package, but it shouldn't be difficult to expand it to Darwin, Windows and Linux if there would be users and maintainers for these OSes.
182:
183: NetBSD as host version 8.0 and HEAD (8.99.3x) tested. The minimal version that could work in theory is 6.x, but everything prior 8.0 is untested.
184:
185: There is no longer need to keep a patched host kernel.
186:
187: There is need to keep at least a copy syssrc in /usr/src(/sys).
188:
189: Guests known to work:
190:
191: - NetBSD/amd64 8.99.3x (other variations untested)
192: - Windows 7 32-bit
193: - FreeBSD 12 32-bit
194: - Linux (noapic boot)
195: - Minix3 i386
196: - Plan9 (i386?)
197: - FREEDOS
198:
199: Other OSes are either broken or untested.
200:
201: Usage:
202:
203: 1. Install emulators/haxm from pkgsrc
204: 2. Install emulators/qemu 3.1.0nb5 or newer from pkgsrc
205: 3. Use auxiliary scripts for HAXM (superuser privileges needed):
206:
207: - haxm-mknod # creates /dev entries
208: - haxm-modload # insert the HAXM kernel module
209: - haxm-modunload # remove the HAXM module from kernel
210:
211: Optionally grant access to the HAXM device nodes to user(s):
212:
213: - /dev/HAX
214: - /dev/hax_vm/*
215: - /dev/hax_vm*/*
216:
217: 4. Append HAXM option to qemu
218:
219: qemu --accel hax
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