1: **Contents**
2:
3: [[!toc levels=2]]
4:
5: #Preface
6:
7: Before you start to do user and group management you must:
8:
9: 1. For security reasons, create substitute user and name it as you like, here it is referred as _noroot_:
10:
11: # useradd -m -G wheel _noroot_
12:
13: 2. Set password for _noroot_ user:
14:
15: # passwd _noroot_
16:
17: 3. Exit and log in as _noroot_ user.
18:
19: 4. Use the `su` command to obtain the root privileges for _noroot_:
20:
21: $ su
22:
23:
24: 5. Forget to use the `root` for maintenance or regular administration of the system. You free to find any secure and convenient spot for the root password be available upon your need.
25:
26:
27: If your favorite user with login password is already assigned in the system and no need to create new one. Omit first steps from above. Do modify user information by adding _your no root user_ into the wheel group and `su` anytime per your desire:
28:
29: # usermod -G wheel _noroot_
30:
31:
32: #[**User**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?user++NetBSD-current)
33:
34: The NetBSD maintains information in regard of each user who logs into, access system, runs processes on so forth. This include and not limited to:
35:
36: - user name
37: - password
38: - group
39: - base_dir
40: - skel_dir
41: - shell
42: - class
43: - homeperm
44: - inactive
45: - expire
46:
47:
48: The superuser called root has no limitations on its privileges.
49:
50: To limit user priveleges consider to set limits by: coredumpsize, cputime, filesize, quota, maxproc, memory, openfiles etc.
51:
52: `user` is frontend to the useradd, usermod, userinfo and userdel commands, it helps to manage users in the system.
53:
54: Use [id](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?id+1+NetBSD-current) to see user identity:
55:
56: $ id
57:
58:
59: Use [w](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?w+1+NetBSD-current) to see who present and what they are doing:
60:
61: $ w
62:
63:
64: Use [last](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?last+1+NetBSD-current) to see last logins:
65:
66:
67: $ last
68:
69:
70: ## [useradd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?useradd++NetBSD-current)
71:
72: To add user do:
73:
74: user add [options] _user_
75:
76:
77: To add a user and create a new home directory:
78:
79: # useradd -m _myuser_
80:
81:
82: Look into the NetBSD Guide [Chapter 5.6](http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-boot.html#chap-boot-adding-users)
83:
84: ## [userinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userinfo++NetBSD-current)
85:
86: To see user information do:
87:
88: $ userinfo _myuser_
89:
90:
91: ## [usermod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?usermod++NetBSD-current)
92:
93: To modify existing user login do:
94:
95: # user mod [options] _user_
96:
97:
98: # usermod -C yes _username_ ; set Close lock on user account
99:
100:
101: # usermod -C no _username_ ; unlock user account
102:
103:
104: # usermod -G wheel _username_ ; add user to group _wheel_
105:
106:
107: # usermod -s /sbin/nologin _username_ ; remove login shell
108:
109:
110: # usermod -s /bin/sh _username_ ; set login shell
111:
112:
113: # usermod -F _username_ ; force user to change password
114:
115:
116: ## [userdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userdel++NetBSD-current)
117:
118: To remove a user from the system do:
119:
120: # userdel _myuser_
121:
122:
123: ## [passwd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?passwd++NetBSD-current)
124:
125: To see a list of all users in the system do:
126:
127: $ cat /etc/passwd
128:
129:
130: To edit _/etc/passwd_ file do:
131:
132: # vipw
133:
134:
135: ## [chpass](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass++NetBSD-current)
136:
137: Use [chpass, chfn, chsh]((http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass+1+NetBSD-current)) to add or change user database information.
138:
139: To change the shell of _myuser_, for an exapmle to /bin/ksh:
140:
141: # chpass -s /bin/ksh _myuser_
142:
143:
144:
145:
146:
147: # [**Group**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?group++NetBSD-current)
148:
149: To manage groups check `/etc/group` file which maintains name of each group, group id and list of users who is a group member.
150:
151: `group` is frontend to the groupadd, groupmod, groupinfo and groupdel commands, it helps to manage groups in the system.
152:
153: To add group do:
154:
155: group add [options] _group_
156:
157:
158: To delete group do:
159:
160: group del [options] _group_
161:
162:
163: To obtain group information do:
164:
165: group info [options] _group_
166:
167:
168: To modify existing group do:
169:
170: group mod [options] _group_
171:
172:
173: To remove user from the group you have to do `user del` and then add user again.
174:
175: ## [groupadd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupadd+8+NetBSD-current)
176:
177: ## [groupdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupdel+8+NetBSD-current)
178:
179: ## [groupinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupinfo+8+NetBSD-current)
180:
181: ## [groupmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupmod+8+NetBSD-current)
182:
183: # Other
184:
185: ## [chmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chmod++NetBSD-current)
186:
187: ## [chown](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chown++NetBSD-current)
188:
189: To change files/directory ownership:
190:
191: #chown -R myuser path
192:
193:
194: Where myuser is the name of user and path is directory where files are located.
195:
196: ## [chgrp](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chgrp++NetBSD-current)
197:
198: ## [chroot](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chroot++NetBSD-current)
199:
200: ## [quota](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?quota++NetBSD-current)
201:
202: Use quota to set users quotas per desire.
203:
204: # See also
205:
206: * [[How to set up per-user timezones]]
207: * How to [[Hide other user's processes]]
208: * [[Userland version]]
209: * [[The_NetBSD_System_Manager's_Manual#Users_and_Accounts_Management]]
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