1: **Contents**
2:
3: [[!toc levels=2]]
4:
5: #Preface
6:
7: Before you start to do user and group management you must:
8:
9: 1. For security reasons, create substitute user and name it as you like, here it is referred as _noroot_:
10: <pre><code>
11: # useradd -m -G wheel _noroot_
12: </code></pre>
13:
14: 2. Set password for _noroot_ user:
15: <pre><code>
16: # passwd _noroot_
17: </code></pre>
18:
19: 3. Exit and log in as _noroot_ user.
20:
21: 4. Use the `su` command to obtain the root privileges for _noroot_:
22:
23: $ su
24:
25:
26: 5. Forget to use the `root` for maintenance or regular administration of the system. You free to find any secure and convenient spot for the root password be available upon your need.
27:
28:
29: If your favorite user with login password is already assigned in the system and no need to create new one. Omit first steps from above. Do modify user information by adding _your no root user_ into the wheel group and `su` anytime per your desire:
30:
31: # usermod -G wheel _noroot_
32:
33:
34: #[**User**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?user++NetBSD-current)
35:
36: The NetBSD maintains information in regard of each user who logs into, access system, runs processes on so forth. This include and not limited to:
37:
38: - user name
39: - password
40: - group
41: - base_dir
42: - skel_dir
43: - shell
44: - class
45: - homeperm
46: - inactive
47: - expire
48:
49:
50: The superuser called root has no limitations on its privileges.
51:
52: To limit user priveleges consider to set limits by: coredumpsize, cputime, filesize, quota, maxproc, memory, openfiles etc.
53:
54: `user` is frontend to the useradd, usermod, userinfo and userdel commands, it helps to manage users in the system.
55:
56: Use [id](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?id+1+NetBSD-current) to see user identity:
57:
58: $ id
59:
60:
61: Use [w](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?w+1+NetBSD-current) to see who present and what they are doing:
62:
63: $ w
64:
65:
66: Use [last](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?last+1+NetBSD-current) to see last logins:
67:
68:
69: $ last
70:
71:
72: ## [useradd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?useradd++NetBSD-current)
73:
74: To add user do:
75:
76: user add [options] _user_
77:
78:
79: To add a user and create a new home directory:
80:
81: # useradd -m _myuser_
82:
83:
84: Look into the NetBSD Guide [Chapter 5.6](http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-boot.html#chap-boot-adding-users)
85:
86: ## [userinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userinfo++NetBSD-current)
87:
88: To see user information do:
89:
90: $ userinfo _myuser_
91:
92:
93: ## [usermod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?usermod++NetBSD-current)
94:
95: To modify existing user login do:
96:
97: # user mod [options] _user_
98:
99:
100: # usermod -C yes _username_ ; set Close lock on user account
101:
102:
103: # usermod -C no _username_ ; unlock user account
104:
105:
106: # usermod -G wheel _username_ ; add user to group _wheel_
107:
108:
109: # usermod -s /sbin/nologin _username_ ; remove login shell
110:
111:
112: # usermod -s /bin/sh _username_ ; set login shell
113:
114:
115: # usermod -F _username_ ; force user to change password
116:
117:
118: ## [userdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userdel++NetBSD-current)
119:
120: To remove a user from the system do:
121:
122: # userdel _myuser_
123:
124:
125: ## [passwd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?passwd++NetBSD-current)
126:
127: To see a list of all users in the system do:
128:
129: $ cat /etc/passwd
130:
131:
132: To edit _/etc/passwd_ file do:
133:
134: # vipw
135:
136:
137: ## [chpass](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass++NetBSD-current)
138:
139: Use [chpass, chfn, chsh]((http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass+1+NetBSD-current)) to add or change user database information.
140:
141: To change the shell of _myuser_, for an exapmle to /bin/ksh:
142:
143: # chpass -s /bin/ksh _myuser_
144:
145:
146:
147:
148:
149: # [**Group**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?group++NetBSD-current)
150:
151: To manage groups check `/etc/group` file which maintains name of each group, group id and list of users who is a group member.
152:
153: `group` is frontend to the groupadd, groupmod, groupinfo and groupdel commands, it helps to manage groups in the system.
154:
155: To add group do:
156:
157: group add [options] _group_
158:
159:
160: To delete group do:
161:
162: group del [options] _group_
163:
164:
165: To obtain group information do:
166:
167: group info [options] _group_
168:
169:
170: To modify existing group do:
171:
172: group mod [options] _group_
173:
174:
175: To remove user from the group you have to do `user del` and then add user again.
176:
177: ## [groupadd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupadd+8+NetBSD-current)
178:
179: ## [groupdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupdel+8+NetBSD-current)
180:
181: ## [groupinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupinfo+8+NetBSD-current)
182:
183: ## [groupmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupmod+8+NetBSD-current)
184:
185: # Other
186:
187: ## [chmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chmod++NetBSD-current)
188:
189: ## [chown](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chown++NetBSD-current)
190:
191: To change files/directory ownership:
192:
193: #chown -R myuser path
194:
195:
196: Where myuser is the name of user and path is directory where files are located.
197:
198: ## [chgrp](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chgrp++NetBSD-current)
199:
200: ## [chroot](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chroot++NetBSD-current)
201:
202: ## [quota](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?quota++NetBSD-current)
203:
204: Use quota to set users quotas per desire.
205:
206: # See also
207:
208: * [[How to set up per-user timezones]]
209: * How to [[Hide other user's processes]]
210: * [[Userland version]]
211: * [[The_NetBSD_System_Manager's_Manual#Users_and_Accounts_Management]]
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