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    1: **Contents**
    2: 
    3: [[!toc levels=2]]
    4: 
    5: #Preface
    6: 
    7: Before you start to do user and group management you must: 
    8: 
    9: 1. For security reasons, create substitute user and name it as you like, here it is referred as _noroot_: 
   10: <pre><code>    
   11:     # useradd -m -G wheel _noroot_
   12: </code></pre>    
   13: 
   14: 2. Set password for _noroot_ user: 
   15: <pre><code>    
   16:     # passwd _noroot_
   17: </code></pre>
   18: 
   19: 3. Exit and log in as _noroot_ user. 
   20: 
   21: 4. Use the `su` command to obtain the root privileges for _noroot_: 
   22:     
   23:     $ su
   24:     
   25: 
   26: 5. Forget to use the `root` for maintenance or regular administration of the system. You free to find any secure and convenient spot for the root password be available upon your need. 
   27: 
   28:   
   29: If your favorite user with login password is already assigned in the system and no need to create new one. Omit first steps from above. Do modify user information by adding _your no root user_ into the wheel group and `su` anytime per your desire: 
   30:     
   31:     # usermod -G wheel _noroot_
   32:     
   33: 
   34: #[**User**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?user++NetBSD-current)
   35: 
   36: The NetBSD maintains information in regard of each user who logs into, access system, runs processes on so forth. This include and not limited to: 
   37:     
   38:     - user name
   39:     - password
   40:     - group
   41:     - base_dir
   42:     - skel_dir
   43:     - shell
   44:     - class
   45:     - homeperm
   46:     - inactive
   47:     - expire
   48:     
   49: 
   50: The superuser called root has no limitations on its privileges. 
   51: 
   52: To limit user priveleges consider to set limits by: coredumpsize, cputime, filesize, quota, maxproc, memory, openfiles etc. 
   53: 
   54: `user` is frontend to the useradd, usermod, userinfo and userdel commands, it helps to manage users in the system. 
   55: 
   56: Use [id](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?id+1+NetBSD-current) to see user identity: 
   57: 
   58:     $ id
   59:     
   60: 
   61: Use [w](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?w+1+NetBSD-current) to see who present and what they are doing: 
   62: 
   63:     $ w
   64:     
   65: 
   66: Use [last](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?last+1+NetBSD-current) to see last logins: 
   67: 
   68: 
   69:     $ last
   70:     
   71: 
   72: ##  [useradd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?useradd++NetBSD-current)
   73: 
   74: To add user do: 
   75:     
   76:     user add [options] _user_
   77:     
   78: 
   79: To add a user and create a new home directory: 
   80:     
   81:     # useradd -m _myuser_
   82:     
   83: 
   84: Look into the NetBSD Guide [Chapter 5.6](http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-boot.html#chap-boot-adding-users)
   85: 
   86: ##  [userinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userinfo++NetBSD-current)
   87: 
   88: To see user information do: 
   89:     
   90:     $ userinfo _myuser_
   91:     
   92: 
   93: ##  [usermod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?usermod++NetBSD-current)
   94: 
   95: To modify existing user login do: 
   96:     
   97:     # user mod [options] _user_
   98:     
   99:     
  100:     # usermod -C yes _username_             ; set Close lock on user account
  101:     
  102:     
  103:     # usermod -C no _username_              ; unlock user account
  104:     
  105:     
  106:     # usermod -G wheel _username_           ; add user to group _wheel_
  107:     
  108:     
  109:     # usermod -s /sbin/nologin _username_   ; remove login shell
  110:     
  111:     
  112:     # usermod -s /bin/sh _username_         ; set login shell
  113:     
  114:     
  115:     # usermod -F _username_                 ; force user to change password
  116:     
  117: 
  118: ##  [userdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userdel++NetBSD-current)
  119: 
  120: To remove a user from the system do: 
  121:     
  122:     # userdel _myuser_
  123:     
  124: 
  125: ##  [passwd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?passwd++NetBSD-current)
  126: 
  127: To see a list of all users in the system do: 
  128:     
  129:     $ cat /etc/passwd
  130:     
  131: 
  132: To edit _/etc/passwd_ file do: 
  133:     
  134:     # vipw
  135:     
  136: 
  137: ##  [chpass](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass++NetBSD-current)
  138: 
  139: Use [chpass, chfn, chsh]((http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass+1+NetBSD-current)) to add or change user database information. 
  140: 
  141: To change the shell of _myuser_, for an exapmle to /bin/ksh: 
  142:     
  143:     # chpass -s /bin/ksh _myuser_
  144:     
  145: 
  146:   
  147: 
  148: 
  149: #  [**Group**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?group++NetBSD-current)
  150: 
  151: To manage groups check `/etc/group` file which maintains name of each group, group id and list of users who is a group member. 
  152: 
  153: `group` is frontend to the groupadd, groupmod, groupinfo and groupdel commands, it helps to manage groups in the system. 
  154: 
  155: To add group do: 
  156:     
  157:     group add [options] _group_
  158:     
  159: 
  160: To delete group do: 
  161:     
  162:     group del [options] _group_
  163:     
  164: 
  165: To obtain group information do: 
  166:     
  167:     group info [options] _group_
  168:     
  169: 
  170: To modify existing group do: 
  171:     
  172:     group mod [options] _group_
  173:     
  174: 
  175: To remove user from the group you have to do `user del` and then add user again. 
  176: 
  177: ##  [groupadd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupadd+8+NetBSD-current)
  178: 
  179: ##  [groupdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupdel+8+NetBSD-current)
  180: 
  181: ##  [groupinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupinfo+8+NetBSD-current)
  182: 
  183: ##  [groupmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupmod+8+NetBSD-current)
  184: 
  185: #  Other
  186: 
  187: ##  [chmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chmod++NetBSD-current)
  188: 
  189: ##  [chown](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chown++NetBSD-current)
  190: 
  191: To change files/directory ownership: 
  192:     
  193:     #chown -R  myuser path 
  194:     
  195: 
  196: Where myuser is the name of user and path is directory where files are located. 
  197: 
  198: ##  [chgrp](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chgrp++NetBSD-current)
  199: 
  200: ##  [chroot](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chroot++NetBSD-current)
  201: 
  202: ##  [quota](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?quota++NetBSD-current)
  203: 
  204: Use quota to set users quotas per desire. 
  205: 
  206: #  See also
  207: 
  208:   * [[How to set up per-user timezones]]
  209:   * How to [[Hide other user's processes]]
  210:   * [[Userland version]]
  211:   * [[The_NetBSD_System_Manager's_Manual#Users_and_Accounts_Management]]