Annotation of wikisrc/tutorials/user_management.mdwn, revision 1.2
1.2 ! schmonz 1: **Contents**
! 2:
! 3: [[!toc levels=2]]
! 4:
! 5: #Preface
! 6:
! 7: Before you start to do user and group management you must:
! 8:
! 9: 1. For security reasons, create substitute user and name it as you like, here it is referred as _noroot_:
! 10: <pre><code>
! 11: # useradd -m -G wheel _noroot_
! 12: </code></pre>
! 13:
! 14: 2. Set password for _noroot_ user:
! 15: <pre><code>
! 16: # passwd _noroot_
! 17: </code></pre>
! 18:
! 19: 3. Exit and log in as _noroot_ user.
! 20:
! 21: 4. Use the **su** command to obtain the root privileges for _noroot_:
! 22:
! 23: $ su
! 24:
! 25:
! 26: 5. Forget to use the **root** for maintenance or regular administration of the system. You free to find any secure and convenient spot for the root password be available upon your need.
! 27:
! 28:
! 29: If your favorite user with login password is already assigned in the system and no need to create new one. Omit first steps from above. Do modify user information by adding _your no root user_ into the wheel group and **su** anytime per your desire:
! 30:
! 31: # usermod -G wheel _noroot_
! 32:
! 33:
! 34: #[**User**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?user++NetBSD-current)
! 35:
! 36: The NetBSD maintains information in regard of each user who logs into, access system, runs processes on so forth. This include and not limited to:
! 37:
! 38: - user name
! 39: - password
! 40: - group
! 41: - base_dir
! 42: - skel_dir
! 43: - shell
! 44: - class
! 45: - homeperm
! 46: - inactive
! 47: - expire
! 48:
! 49:
! 50: The superuser called root has no limitations on its privileges.
! 51:
! 52: To limit user priveleges consider to set limits by: coredumpsize, cputime, filesize, quota, maxproc, memory, openfiles etc.
! 53:
! 54: **user** is frontend to the useradd, usermod, userinfo and userdel commands, it helps to manage users in the system.
! 55:
! 56: Use [id](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?id+1+NetBSD-current) to see user identity:
! 57:
! 58: **$ id**
! 59:
! 60:
! 61: Use [w](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?w+1+NetBSD-current) to see who present and what they are doing:
! 62:
! 63: **$ w**
! 64:
! 65:
! 66: Use [last](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?last+1+NetBSD-current) to see last logins:
! 67:
! 68:
! 69: **$ last**
! 70:
! 71:
! 72: ## [[basics/useradd]]
! 73:
! 74: To add user do:
! 75:
! 76: **user add** [options] _user_
! 77:
! 78:
! 79: To add a user and create a new home directory:
! 80:
! 81: **# useradd -m** _myuser_
! 82:
! 83:
! 84: Look into the NetBSD Guide [Chapter 5.6](http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-boot.html#chap-boot-adding-users)
! 85:
! 86: ## [userinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userinfo++NetBSD-current)
! 87:
! 88: To see user information do:
! 89:
! 90: **$ userinfo** _myuser_
! 91:
! 92:
! 93: ## [[basics/usermod]]
! 94:
! 95: To modify existing user login do:
! 96:
! 97: **# user mod** [options] _user_
! 98:
! 99:
! 100: **# usermod -C yes** _username_ ; set Close lock on user account
! 101:
! 102:
! 103: **# usermod -C no** _username_ ; unlock user account
! 104:
! 105:
! 106: **# usermod -G wheel** _username_ ; add user to group _wheel_
! 107:
! 108:
! 109: **# usermod -s /sbin/nologin** _username_ ; remove login shell
! 110:
! 111:
! 112: **# usermod -s /bin/sh** _username_ ; set login shell
! 113:
! 114:
! 115: **# usermod -F** _username_ ; force user to change password
! 116:
! 117:
! 118: ## [userdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?userdel++NetBSD-current)
! 119:
! 120: To remove a user from the system do:
! 121:
! 122: **# userdel** _myuser_
! 123:
! 124:
! 125: ## [[basics/passwd]]
! 126:
! 127: To see a list of all users in the system do:
! 128:
! 129: $ cat /etc/passwd
! 130:
! 131:
! 132: To edit _/etc/passwd_ file do:
! 133:
! 134: # vipw
! 135:
! 136:
! 137: ## [[basics/chpass]]
! 138:
! 139: Use [chpass, chfn, chsh]((http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?chpass+1+NetBSD-current)) to add or change user database information.
! 140:
! 141: To change the shell of _myuser_, for an exapmle to /bin/ksh:
! 142:
! 143: **# chpass -s /bin/ksh** _myuser_
! 144:
! 145:
! 146:
! 147:
! 148:
! 149: # [**Group**](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?group++NetBSD-current)
! 150:
! 151: To manage groups check **/etc/group** file which maintains name of each group, group id and list of users who is a group member.
! 152:
! 153: **group** is frontend to the groupadd, groupmod, groupinfo and groupdel commands, it helps to manage groups in the system.
! 154:
! 155: To add group do:
! 156:
! 157: **group add** [options] _group_
! 158:
! 159:
! 160: To delete group do:
! 161:
! 162: **group del** [options] _group_
! 163:
! 164:
! 165: To obtain group information do:
! 166:
! 167: **group info** [options] _group_
! 168:
! 169:
! 170: To modify existing group do:
! 171:
! 172: **group mod** [options] _group_
! 173:
! 174:
! 175: To remove user from the group you have to do **user del** and then add user again.
! 176:
! 177: ## [groupadd](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupadd+8+NetBSD-current)
! 178:
! 179: ## [groupdel](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupdel+8+NetBSD-current)
! 180:
! 181: ## [groupinfo](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupinfo+8+NetBSD-current)
! 182:
! 183: ## [groupmod](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?groupmod+8+NetBSD-current)
! 184:
! 185: # Other
! 186:
! 187: ## [[basics/chmod]]
! 188:
! 189: ## [[basics/chown]]
! 190:
! 191: To change files/directory ownership:
! 192:
! 193: #chown -R myuser path
! 194:
! 195:
! 196: Where myuser is the name of user and path is directory where files are located.
! 197:
! 198: ## [[basics/chgrp]]
! 199:
! 200: ## [[basics/chroot]]
! 201:
! 202: ## [[basics/quota]]
! 203:
! 204: Use quota to set users quotas per desire.
! 205:
! 206: # See also
! 207:
! 208: * [[How to set up per-user timezones]]
! 209: * How to [[Hide other user's processes]]
! 210: * [[Userland version]]
! 211: * [[The_NetBSD_System_Manager's_Manual#Users_and_Accounts_Management]]
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