1: This describes how to install NetBSD (i386/amd64) using a Memory Stick instead of a CD-ROM Drive.
2:
3:
4:
5: **Contents**
6:
7:
8:
9: [[!toc levels=3]]
10:
11:
12: #With an downloaded image
13: From NetBSD 5.1.2 on for the i386 and amd64 ports it is possible to download a
14: memory stick image for installing instead of the CD-ROM image.
15: NetBSD using a memory stick instead of a CD-ROM drive
16: From NetBSD 5.1.2 on it is possible to download a memory stick image directly
17: for installing instead of downloading and transforming a CD image.
18:
19: This section describes in detail how to use this method. If you want to create
20: an image yourself, please see below.
21:
22: ##Downloading the installation image
23: Installation images are available on the [NetBSD
24: mirrors](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/) under the images/ directory, their
25: filenames match the *install.img.gz pattern.
26:
27: For example if we want to download NetBSD 6.0 for i386:
28:
29: # ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.0/images/NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
30:
31: ##Copying the installation image to the memory stick
32: To prepare the memory stick under a Unix system you can just use
33: [[!template id=man name="dd" section="1"]].
34: For example if the memory stick is recognized as sd0 (**Warning: this will
35: overwrite all the contents on your memory stick**):
36:
37: # gunzip NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
38: # dd if=NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d
39:
40: Whenever using dd(1), remember to set the blocksize by specifying the
41: <code>bs</code> parameter, at least with a value of 4K, i.e. the call would end
42: up with:
43:
44: # dd if=NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=4K
45:
46: ##Installation process
47: After NetBSD is booted from the memory stick the installation process is
48: usual (you can find an example in
49: [The NetBSD Guide](http://netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)).
50: Just pay attention when choosing the installation media: if you want
51: to install using the installation sets on the memory stick when
52: [choosing the installation
53: media](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media)
54: select <code>g: local directory</code> and then clear the *base* (by default it points
55: to release/).
56:
57:
58: #Easy method using mkmemstick.sh
59:
60:
61:
62: [Create an image using mkmemstick.sh](http://jmcneill.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!F507161C07E89CBE!170.entry)
63:
64:
65:
66: This script depends on the sysutils/cdrtools package.
67:
68:
69:
70: 1 Fetch a copy of the ISO you wish to install along with [mkmemstick.sh](http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/misc/jmcneill/mkmemstick.sh)
71:
72:
73:
74: 2 Create a disk image from the ISO:
75:
76:
77:
78: $ sh mkmemstick.sh i386cd-5.0.1.iso i386memstick-5.0.1.img
79:
80:
81:
82: 3 Write the newly created image to the memory stick as root:
83:
84:
85:
86: # dd if=i386memstick-5.0.1.img of=/dev/sd0d
87:
88: 4 Boot from the USB device and follow the [installation process below](/How_to_install_NetBSD_from_an_USB_Memory_Stick/#index3h2).
89:
90:
91:
92: #Manual method
93:
94: ##Make the Memory Stick bootable
95:
96:
97:
98: 1 Install the Master Boot Record (MBR):
99:
100:
101:
102: # fdisk -i /dev/rsd0d
103:
104:
105:
106: 2 Create an fdisk partition for NetBSD:
107:
108: <pre><code>
109:
110: # fdisk -u /dev/rsd0d
111:
112: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
113:
114: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
115:
116: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
117:
118: total sectors: 997375
119:
120: BIOS disk geometry:
121:
122: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
123:
124: total sectors: 997375
125:
126: Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n] n
127:
128: Partition table:
129:
130: 0: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
131:
132: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
133:
134: 1: <UNUSED>
135:
136: 2: <UNUSED>
137:
138: 3: <UNUSED>
139:
140: Bootselector disabled.
141:
142: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] 0
143:
144: The data for partition 0 is:
145:
146: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
147:
148: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
149:
150: sysid: [0..255 default: 11] 169
151:
152: start: [0..974cyl default: 8, 0cyl, 0MB] (RETURN)
153:
154: size: [0..974cyl default: 997367, 974cyl, 487MB]
155:
156: bootmenu: [] (RETURN)
157:
158: Partition table:
159:
160: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
161:
162: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
163:
164: 1: <UNUSED>
165:
166: 2 :<UNUSED>
167:
168: 3: <UNUSED>
169:
170: Bootselector disabled.
171:
172: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] (RETURN)
173:
174: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
175:
176: Partition table:
177:
178: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
179:
180: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
181:
182: 1: <UNUSED>
183:
184: 2: <UNUSED>
185:
186: 3: <UNUSED>
187:
188: Bootselector disabled.
189:
190: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
191:
192: </code></pre>
193:
194:
195:
196: 3 Set the NetBSD partition active (it's partition Number 0):
197:
198: <pre><code>
199:
200: # fdisk -a /dev/rsd0d
201:
202: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
203:
204: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
205:
206: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
207:
208: total sectors: 997375
209:
210: BIOS disk geometry:
211:
212: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
213:
214: total sectors: 997375
215:
216: Partition table:
217:
218: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
219:
220: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
221:
222: 1: <UNUSED>
223:
224: 2: <UNUSED>
225:
226: 3: <UNUSED>
227:
228: Bootselector disabled.
229:
230: Do you want to change the active partition? [n] y
231:
232: Choosing 4 will make no partition active.
233:
234: active partition: [0..4 default: 4] 0
235:
236: Are you happy with this choice? [n] y
237:
238: </code></pre>
239:
240:
241:
242: 4 Create the NetBSD disklabel and add the partitions "a" and "d":
243:
244: <pre><code>
245:
246: # disklabel -i -I sd0
247:
248: partition> a
249:
250: Filesystem type [?] [MSDOS]: 4.2BSD
251:
252: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0.0078125c, 8s, 0.00390625M]: 63
253:
254: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.991c, 997367s, 486.996M]: $
255:
256: partition> d
257:
258: Filesystem type [?] [unused]: (RETURN)
259:
260: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: (RETURN)
261:
262: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.999c, 997375s, 487M]: (RETURN)
263:
264: partition> W
265:
266: Label disk [n]? y
267:
268: Label written
269:
270: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
271:
272: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
273:
274: </code></pre>
275:
276:
277:
278: 5 Create a new NetBSD filesystem on partition sd0a:
279:
280:
281:
282: # newfs /dev/rsd0a
283:
284:
285:
286:
287:
288: 6 Make the partition sd0a bootable:
289:
290: <pre><code>
291:
292: # mkdir /stick
293:
294: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
295:
296: # cp /usr/mdec/boot /stick
297:
298: # umount /stick
299:
300: # installboot -v -o timeout=1 /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
301:
302: </code></pre>
303:
304: ##Copy the installation sets to the Memory Stick
305:
306:
307:
308: 7 For the installation you need an installation kernel and the installation sets. To get them, fetch for example a NetBSD CD-image file from a local FTP-Mirror [1](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/#ftp):
309:
310:
311:
312: $ cd /home/mark
313:
314: $ ftp -a ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
315:
316:
317:
318:
319:
320: 8 Mount the CD-image file:
321:
322:
323:
324: $ su
325:
326: # mkdir /image
327:
328: # vnconfig -c vnd0 /home/mark/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
329:
330: # mount_cd9660 /dev/vnd0d /image
331:
332:
333:
334: 9 Mount the Memory Stick and copy the **Install kernel** and **sets**:
335:
336:
337:
338: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
339:
340: # cp /image/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz /stick/netbsd.gz
341:
342: # cp -R /image/i386/binary/sets /stick/sets
343:
344: # umount /stick
345:
346: # rmdir /stick
347:
348:
349:
350: 10 Umount the CD-image:
351:
352:
353:
354: # umount /image
355:
356: # vnconfig -u vnd0
357:
358: # rmdir /image
359:
360:
361:
362: The Memory Stick is now ready to boot the NetBSD-Install system. Just reboot and change your BIOS to boot the USB Memory Stick.
363:
364: ##The installation process
365:
366:
367:
368: If the Memory Stick boots fine, proceed with the Installation as usual, but the selection of the Install-sets is not quite intuitive:
369:
370:
371:
372: "Your disk is now ready for installing the kernel and the distributions sets [...]"
373:
374: [...]
375:
376: Install from
377:
378: f: Unmounted fs
379:
380:
381:
382:
383:
384: Press RETURN and the following screen appears:
385:
386:
387:
388: "Enter the unmounted local device and directory on that device where the distribution is located. [...]"
389:
390:
391:
392:
393:
394: Choose the following options:
395:
396:
397:
398: a: Device sd0a
399:
400: b: File system ffs
401:
402: c: Base directory
403:
404: d: Set directory /sets
405:
406:
407:
408: Yes, "c: Base directory" is left empty, because we had copied the distribution .tgz files to the /sets directory on the Memory Stick (9.)
409:
410:
411:
412: Now continue with the installation as usual. Good luck!
413:
414: ###Alternative Method
415:
416:
417:
418: An alternative setup method saves space on the Stick at the expense of sysinst automation and is therefore more advanced. This method skips the sysinst tool by copying the sets and the **normal** GENERIC Kernel instead of the install-Kernel.
419:
420:
421:
422: Extract the sets from the harddisk directly on to the Memory stick (/mnt).
423:
424:
425:
426: # tar xvfzp sets.tgz -C /mnt
427:
428:
429:
430: Extract the Kernel to the target root
431:
432:
433:
434: # tar xvfzp GENERIC-kernel.tgz -C /mnt
435:
436:
437:
438: All you need to do is now to create a valid /etc/fstab and modify /etc/rc.conf to RC_CONFIGURED=yes on the target root (/mnt) and reboot. All fine tuning can be done, when you're logged in.
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