wikisrc/tutorials/how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick.mdwn - view

File: [NetBSD Developer Wiki] / wikisrc / tutorials / how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick.mdwn
Revision 1.12: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Wed Jun 21 10:25:20 2017 UTC (3 years, 5 months ago) by leot
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: HEAD

Add a reference to rawrite32 that can be used by Windows users to copy the image
on the disk.

From <martin>

1: This describes how to install NetBSD (i386/amd64) using a Memory Stick instead 2: of a CD-ROM Drive. 3: 4: **Contents** 5: 6: [[!toc levels=3]] 7: 8: 9: # With an downloaded image 10: From NetBSD 5.1.2 on for the i386 and amd64 ports it is possible to download a 11: memory stick image for installing instead of downloading and transforming a CD image. 12: 13: This section describes in detail how to use this method. If you want to create 14: an image yourself, please see below. 15: 16: ## Downloading the installation image 17: Installation images are available on the [NetBSD 18: mirrors](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/) under the images/ directory, their 19: filenames match the *install.img.gz pattern. 20: 21: For example if we want to download NetBSD 7.0 for amd64: 22: 23: # ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-7.0/images/NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img.gz 24: 25: ## Copying the installation image to the memory stick 26: To prepare the memory stick under a Unix system you can just use 27: [[!template id=man name="dd" section="1"]]. 28: Whenever using dd(1), remember to set the blocksize by specifying the 29: <code>bs</code> parameter in order to speed up the write to the installation 30: media a bit (e.g. 1m). 31: For example if the memory stick is recognized as `sd0` (**Warning: this will 32: overwrite all the contents on your memory stick**): 33: 34: # gunzip NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img.gz 35: # dd if=NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m 36: 37: In the previous command we have used `rsd0d` in order to refer to the *whole* 38: `sd0` disk. 39: 40: On Linux the command is similar although it need some minor adjustments, if the 41: memory stick is recognized as `sdb` (**Warning: this will overwrite all the 42: contents on your memory stick**): 43: 44: # gunzip NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img.gz 45: # dd if=NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M 46: 47: On Windows you can use [rawrite32](//www.netbsd.org/~martin/rawrite32/) to copy 48: the image to the stick. 49: 50: ## Installation process 51: After NetBSD is booted from the memory stick the installation process is 52: usual (you can find an example in 53: [The NetBSD Guide](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)). 54: Just pay attention when choosing the installation media: if you want 55: to install using the installation sets on the memory stick when 56: [choosing the installation 57: media](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media) 58: select <code>g: local directory</code> and then clear the *base* (by default it points 59: to release/). 60: 61: 62: # Build your own image 63: Use <code>build.sh -U release install-image</code> 64: with your usual build settings from your src directory. 65: 66: Carry on with [the instructions after download](#index2h2) above. 67: 68: 69: # Manual method 70: 71: ## Make the Memory Stick bootable 72: 73: First, install the Master Boot Record (MBR): 74: 75: # fdisk -i /dev/rsd0d 76: 77: Then, create an fdisk partition for NetBSD: 78: 79: # fdisk -u /dev/rsd0d 80: Disk: /dev/rsd0d 81: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry: 82: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder) 83: total sectors: 997375 84: BIOS disk geometry: 85: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder) 86: total sectors: 997375 87: Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n] n 88: Partition table: 89: 0: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) 90: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8) 91: 1: <UNUSED> 92: 2: <UNUSED> 93: 3: <UNUSED> 94: Bootselector disabled. 95: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] 0 96: The data for partition 0 is: 97: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11) 98: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8) 99: sysid: [0..255 default: 11] 169 100: start: [0..974cyl default: 8, 0cyl, 0MB] (RETURN) 101: size: [0..974cyl default: 997367, 974cyl, 487MB] 102: bootmenu: [] (RETURN) 103: Partition table: 104: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169) 105: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8) 106: 1: <UNUSED> 107: 2 :<UNUSED> 108: 3: <UNUSED> 109: Bootselector disabled. 110: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] (RETURN) 111: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance. 112: Partition table: 113: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169) 114: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8) 115: 1: <UNUSED> 116: 2: <UNUSED> 117: 3: <UNUSED> 118: Bootselector disabled. 119: Should we write new partition table? [n] y 120: 121: 122: 123: After that, set the NetBSD partition active (it's partition Number 0): 124: 125: # fdisk -a /dev/rsd0d 126: Disk: /dev/rsd0d 127: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry: 128: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder) 129: total sectors: 997375 130: BIOS disk geometry: 131: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder) 132: total sectors: 997375 133: Partition table: 134: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169) 135: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8) 136: 1: <UNUSED> 137: 2: <UNUSED> 138: 3: <UNUSED> 139: Bootselector disabled. 140: Do you want to change the active partition? [n] y 141: Choosing 4 will make no partition active. 142: active partition: [0..4 default: 4] 0 143: Are you happy with this choice? [n] y 144: 145: Then, create the NetBSD disklabel and add the partitions "a" and "d": 146: 147: # disklabel -i -I sd0 148: partition> a 149: Filesystem type [?] [MSDOS]: 4.2BSD 150: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0.0078125c, 8s, 0.00390625M]: 63 151: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.991c, 997367s, 486.996M]: $ 152: partition> d 153: Filesystem type [?] [unused]: (RETURN) 154: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: (RETURN) 155: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.999c, 997375s, 487M]: (RETURN) 156: partition> W 157: Label disk [n]? y 158: Label written 159: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance. 160: Should we write new partition table? [n] y 161: 162: Next, create a new NetBSD filesystem on partition sd0a: 163: 164: # newfs /dev/rsd0a 165: 166: Now, make the partition sd0a bootable: 167: 168: # mkdir /stick 169: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick 170: # cp /usr/mdec/boot /stick 171: # umount /stick 172: # installboot -v -o timeout=1 /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1 173: 174: 175: ## Copy the installation sets to the Memory Stick 176: 177: For the installation you need an installation kernel and the installation sets. To get them, fetch for example a NetBSD CD-image file from a local FTP-Mirror [1](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/#ftp): 178: 179: $ cd /home/mark 180: $ ftp -a ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/i386cd-4.0.1.iso 181: 182: Now mount the CD-image file: 183: 184: $ su 185: # mkdir /image 186: # vnconfig -c vnd0 /home/mark/i386cd-4.0.1.iso 187: # mount_cd9660 /dev/vnd0d /image 188: 189: And then, mount the Memory Stick and copy the **Install kernel** and **sets**: 190: 191: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick 192: # cp /image/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz /stick/netbsd.gz 193: # cp -R /image/i386/binary/sets /stick/sets 194: # umount /stick 195: # rmdir /stick 196: 197: Now you can unmount the CD-image: 198: 199: # umount /image 200: # vnconfig -u vnd0 201: # rmdir /image 202: 203: The Memory Stick is now ready to boot the NetBSD-Install system. Just reboot and change your BIOS to boot the USB Memory Stick. 204: 205: ## The installation process 206: 207: If the Memory Stick boots fine, proceed with the Installation as usual, but the selection of the Install-sets is not quite intuitive: 208: 209: "Your disk is now ready for installing the kernel and the distributions sets [...]" 210: [...] 211: Install from 212: f: Unmounted fs 213: 214: Press RETURN and the following screen appears: 215: 216: "Enter the unmounted local device and directory on that device where the distribution is located. [...]" 217: 218: Choose the following options: 219: 220: a: Device sd0a 221: b: File system ffs 222: c: Base directory 223: d: Set directory /sets 224: 225: Yes, "c: Base directory" is left empty, because we had copied the distribution .tgz files to the /sets directory on the Memory Stick (9.) 226: 227: Now continue with the installation as usual. Good luck! 228: 229: 230: ## Alternative Method 231: 232: An alternative setup method saves space on the Stick at the expense of sysinst automation and is therefore more advanced. This method skips the sysinst tool by copying the sets and the **normal** GENERIC Kernel instead of the install-Kernel. 233: 234: Extract the sets from the harddisk directly on to the Memory stick (/mnt): 235: 236: # tar xvfzp sets.tgz -C /mnt 237: 238: Extract the Kernel to the target root: 239: 240: # tar xvfzp GENERIC-kernel.tgz -C /mnt 241: 242: All you need to do is now to create a valid /etc/fstab and modify /etc/rc.conf to RC_CONFIGURED=yes on the target root (/mnt) and reboot. All fine tuning can be done, when you're logged in.