Annotation of wikisrc/tutorials/how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick.mdwn, revision 1.9
1.9 ! leot 1: This describes how to install NetBSD (i386/amd64) using a Memory Stick instead
! 2: of a CD-ROM Drive.
1.1 mspo 3:
4: **Contents**
5:
6: [[!toc levels=3]]
7:
8:
1.7 wiki 9: # With an downloaded image
1.2 jdf 10: From NetBSD 5.1.2 on for the i386 and amd64 ports it is possible to download a
1.4 wiki 11: memory stick image for installing instead of downloading and transforming a CD image.
1.2 jdf 12:
13: This section describes in detail how to use this method. If you want to create
14: an image yourself, please see below.
15:
1.7 wiki 16: ## Downloading the installation image
1.2 jdf 17: Installation images are available on the [NetBSD
18: mirrors](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/) under the images/ directory, their
19: filenames match the *install.img.gz pattern.
20:
1.3 wiki 21: For example if we want to download NetBSD 6.0 for i386:
1.2 jdf 22:
1.3 wiki 23: # ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.0/images/NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
1.2 jdf 24:
1.7 wiki 25: ## Copying the installation image to the memory stick
1.2 jdf 26: To prepare the memory stick under a Unix system you can just use
27: [[!template id=man name="dd" section="1"]].
1.8 leot 28: Whenever using dd(1), remember to set the blocksize by specifying the
29: <code>bs</code> parameter in order to speed up the write to the installation
30: media a bit (e.g. 1m).
1.2 jdf 31: For example if the memory stick is recognized as sd0 (**Warning: this will
32: overwrite all the contents on your memory stick**):
33:
1.3 wiki 34: # gunzip NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
1.8 leot 35: # dd if=NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m
1.2 jdf 36:
1.7 wiki 37: ## Installation process
1.2 jdf 38: After NetBSD is booted from the memory stick the installation process is
39: usual (you can find an example in
1.5 wiki 40: [The NetBSD Guide](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)).
1.2 jdf 41: Just pay attention when choosing the installation media: if you want
42: to install using the installation sets on the memory stick when
43: [choosing the installation
44: media](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media)
45: select <code>g: local directory</code> and then clear the *base* (by default it points
46: to release/).
47:
1.1 mspo 48:
1.7 wiki 49: # Build your own image
1.6 wiki 50: Use <code>build.sh -U release install-image</code>
1.5 wiki 51: with your usual build settings from your src directory.
1.1 mspo 52:
1.5 wiki 53: Carry on with [the instructions after download](#index2h2) above.
1.1 mspo 54:
55:
1.7 wiki 56: # Manual method
1.1 mspo 57:
1.7 wiki 58: ## Make the Memory Stick bootable
1.1 mspo 59:
1.7 wiki 60: First, install the Master Boot Record (MBR):
1.1 mspo 61:
62: # fdisk -i /dev/rsd0d
63:
1.7 wiki 64: Then, create an fdisk partition for NetBSD:
1.1 mspo 65:
1.7 wiki 66: # fdisk -u /dev/rsd0d
67: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
68: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
69: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
70: total sectors: 997375
71: BIOS disk geometry:
72: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
73: total sectors: 997375
74: Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n] n
75: Partition table:
76: 0: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
77: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
78: 1: <UNUSED>
79: 2: <UNUSED>
80: 3: <UNUSED>
81: Bootselector disabled.
82: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] 0
83: The data for partition 0 is:
84: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
85: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
86: sysid: [0..255 default: 11] 169
87: start: [0..974cyl default: 8, 0cyl, 0MB] (RETURN)
88: size: [0..974cyl default: 997367, 974cyl, 487MB]
89: bootmenu: [] (RETURN)
90: Partition table:
91: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
92: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
93: 1: <UNUSED>
94: 2 :<UNUSED>
95: 3: <UNUSED>
96: Bootselector disabled.
97: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] (RETURN)
98: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
99: Partition table:
100: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
101: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
102: 1: <UNUSED>
103: 2: <UNUSED>
104: 3: <UNUSED>
105: Bootselector disabled.
106: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
107:
108:
109:
110: After that, set the NetBSD partition active (it's partition Number 0):
111:
112: # fdisk -a /dev/rsd0d
113: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
114: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
115: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
116: total sectors: 997375
117: BIOS disk geometry:
118: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
119: total sectors: 997375
120: Partition table:
121: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
122: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
123: 1: <UNUSED>
124: 2: <UNUSED>
125: 3: <UNUSED>
126: Bootselector disabled.
127: Do you want to change the active partition? [n] y
128: Choosing 4 will make no partition active.
129: active partition: [0..4 default: 4] 0
130: Are you happy with this choice? [n] y
131:
132: Then, create the NetBSD disklabel and add the partitions "a" and "d":
133:
134: # disklabel -i -I sd0
135: partition> a
136: Filesystem type [?] [MSDOS]: 4.2BSD
137: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0.0078125c, 8s, 0.00390625M]: 63
138: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.991c, 997367s, 486.996M]: $
139: partition> d
140: Filesystem type [?] [unused]: (RETURN)
141: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: (RETURN)
142: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.999c, 997375s, 487M]: (RETURN)
143: partition> W
144: Label disk [n]? y
145: Label written
146: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
147: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
1.1 mspo 148:
1.7 wiki 149: Next, create a new NetBSD filesystem on partition sd0a:
1.1 mspo 150:
151: # newfs /dev/rsd0a
152:
1.7 wiki 153: Now, make the partition sd0a bootable:
1.1 mspo 154:
1.7 wiki 155: # mkdir /stick
156: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
157: # cp /usr/mdec/boot /stick
158: # umount /stick
159: # installboot -v -o timeout=1 /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
1.1 mspo 160:
161:
1.7 wiki 162: ## Copy the installation sets to the Memory Stick
1.1 mspo 163:
1.7 wiki 164: For the installation you need an installation kernel and the installation sets. To get them, fetch for example a NetBSD CD-image file from a local FTP-Mirror [1](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/#ftp):
1.1 mspo 165:
166: $ cd /home/mark
167: $ ftp -a ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
168:
1.7 wiki 169: Now mount the CD-image file:
1.1 mspo 170:
171: $ su
172: # mkdir /image
173: # vnconfig -c vnd0 /home/mark/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
174: # mount_cd9660 /dev/vnd0d /image
175:
1.7 wiki 176: And then, mount the Memory Stick and copy the **Install kernel** and **sets**:
1.1 mspo 177:
178: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
179: # cp /image/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz /stick/netbsd.gz
180: # cp -R /image/i386/binary/sets /stick/sets
181: # umount /stick
182: # rmdir /stick
183:
1.7 wiki 184: Now you can unmount the CD-image:
1.1 mspo 185:
186: # umount /image
187: # vnconfig -u vnd0
188: # rmdir /image
189:
190: The Memory Stick is now ready to boot the NetBSD-Install system. Just reboot and change your BIOS to boot the USB Memory Stick.
191:
1.7 wiki 192: ## The installation process
1.1 mspo 193:
194: If the Memory Stick boots fine, proceed with the Installation as usual, but the selection of the Install-sets is not quite intuitive:
195:
196: "Your disk is now ready for installing the kernel and the distributions sets [...]"
197: [...]
198: Install from
199: f: Unmounted fs
200:
201: Press RETURN and the following screen appears:
202:
203: "Enter the unmounted local device and directory on that device where the distribution is located. [...]"
204:
205: Choose the following options:
206:
207: a: Device sd0a
208: b: File system ffs
209: c: Base directory
210: d: Set directory /sets
211:
212: Yes, "c: Base directory" is left empty, because we had copied the distribution .tgz files to the /sets directory on the Memory Stick (9.)
213:
214: Now continue with the installation as usual. Good luck!
215:
216:
1.7 wiki 217: ## Alternative Method
1.1 mspo 218:
219: An alternative setup method saves space on the Stick at the expense of sysinst automation and is therefore more advanced. This method skips the sysinst tool by copying the sets and the **normal** GENERIC Kernel instead of the install-Kernel.
220:
1.7 wiki 221: Extract the sets from the harddisk directly on to the Memory stick (/mnt):
1.1 mspo 222:
223: # tar xvfzp sets.tgz -C /mnt
224:
1.7 wiki 225: Extract the Kernel to the target root:
1.1 mspo 226:
227: # tar xvfzp GENERIC-kernel.tgz -C /mnt
228:
229: All you need to do is now to create a valid /etc/fstab and modify /etc/rc.conf to RC_CONFIGURED=yes on the target root (/mnt) and reboot. All fine tuning can be done, when you're logged in.
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