Annotation of wikisrc/tutorials/how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick.mdwn, revision 1.12
1.9 leot 1: This describes how to install NetBSD (i386/amd64) using a Memory Stick instead
2: of a CD-ROM Drive.
1.1 mspo 3:
4: **Contents**
5:
6: [[!toc levels=3]]
7:
8:
1.7 wiki 9: # With an downloaded image
1.2 jdf 10: From NetBSD 5.1.2 on for the i386 and amd64 ports it is possible to download a
1.4 wiki 11: memory stick image for installing instead of downloading and transforming a CD image.
1.2 jdf 12:
13: This section describes in detail how to use this method. If you want to create
14: an image yourself, please see below.
15:
1.7 wiki 16: ## Downloading the installation image
1.2 jdf 17: Installation images are available on the [NetBSD
18: mirrors](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/) under the images/ directory, their
19: filenames match the *install.img.gz pattern.
20:
1.11 leot 21: For example if we want to download NetBSD 7.0 for amd64:
1.2 jdf 22:
1.11 leot 23: # ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-7.0/images/NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img.gz
1.2 jdf 24:
1.7 wiki 25: ## Copying the installation image to the memory stick
1.2 jdf 26: To prepare the memory stick under a Unix system you can just use
27: [[!template id=man name="dd" section="1"]].
1.8 leot 28: Whenever using dd(1), remember to set the blocksize by specifying the
29: <code>bs</code> parameter in order to speed up the write to the installation
30: media a bit (e.g. 1m).
1.10 leot 31: For example if the memory stick is recognized as `sd0` (**Warning: this will
1.2 jdf 32: overwrite all the contents on your memory stick**):
33:
1.11 leot 34: # gunzip NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img.gz
35: # dd if=NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m
1.2 jdf 36:
1.10 leot 37: In the previous command we have used `rsd0d` in order to refer to the *whole*
38: `sd0` disk.
39:
40: On Linux the command is similar although it need some minor adjustments, if the
41: memory stick is recognized as `sdb` (**Warning: this will overwrite all the
42: contents on your memory stick**):
43:
1.11 leot 44: # gunzip NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img.gz
45: # dd if=NetBSD-7.0-amd64-install.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M
1.10 leot 46:
1.12 ! leot 47: On Windows you can use [rawrite32](//www.netbsd.org/~martin/rawrite32/) to copy
! 48: the image to the stick.
! 49:
1.7 wiki 50: ## Installation process
1.2 jdf 51: After NetBSD is booted from the memory stick the installation process is
52: usual (you can find an example in
1.5 wiki 53: [The NetBSD Guide](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)).
1.2 jdf 54: Just pay attention when choosing the installation media: if you want
55: to install using the installation sets on the memory stick when
56: [choosing the installation
57: media](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media)
58: select <code>g: local directory</code> and then clear the *base* (by default it points
59: to release/).
60:
1.1 mspo 61:
1.7 wiki 62: # Build your own image
1.6 wiki 63: Use <code>build.sh -U release install-image</code>
1.5 wiki 64: with your usual build settings from your src directory.
1.1 mspo 65:
1.5 wiki 66: Carry on with [the instructions after download](#index2h2) above.
1.1 mspo 67:
68:
1.7 wiki 69: # Manual method
1.1 mspo 70:
1.7 wiki 71: ## Make the Memory Stick bootable
1.1 mspo 72:
1.7 wiki 73: First, install the Master Boot Record (MBR):
1.1 mspo 74:
75: # fdisk -i /dev/rsd0d
76:
1.7 wiki 77: Then, create an fdisk partition for NetBSD:
1.1 mspo 78:
1.7 wiki 79: # fdisk -u /dev/rsd0d
80: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
81: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
82: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
83: total sectors: 997375
84: BIOS disk geometry:
85: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
86: total sectors: 997375
87: Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n] n
88: Partition table:
89: 0: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
90: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
91: 1: <UNUSED>
92: 2: <UNUSED>
93: 3: <UNUSED>
94: Bootselector disabled.
95: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] 0
96: The data for partition 0 is:
97: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
98: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
99: sysid: [0..255 default: 11] 169
100: start: [0..974cyl default: 8, 0cyl, 0MB] (RETURN)
101: size: [0..974cyl default: 997367, 974cyl, 487MB]
102: bootmenu: [] (RETURN)
103: Partition table:
104: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
105: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
106: 1: <UNUSED>
107: 2 :<UNUSED>
108: 3: <UNUSED>
109: Bootselector disabled.
110: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] (RETURN)
111: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
112: Partition table:
113: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
114: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
115: 1: <UNUSED>
116: 2: <UNUSED>
117: 3: <UNUSED>
118: Bootselector disabled.
119: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
120:
121:
122:
123: After that, set the NetBSD partition active (it's partition Number 0):
124:
125: # fdisk -a /dev/rsd0d
126: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
127: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
128: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
129: total sectors: 997375
130: BIOS disk geometry:
131: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
132: total sectors: 997375
133: Partition table:
134: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
135: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
136: 1: <UNUSED>
137: 2: <UNUSED>
138: 3: <UNUSED>
139: Bootselector disabled.
140: Do you want to change the active partition? [n] y
141: Choosing 4 will make no partition active.
142: active partition: [0..4 default: 4] 0
143: Are you happy with this choice? [n] y
144:
145: Then, create the NetBSD disklabel and add the partitions "a" and "d":
146:
147: # disklabel -i -I sd0
148: partition> a
149: Filesystem type [?] [MSDOS]: 4.2BSD
150: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0.0078125c, 8s, 0.00390625M]: 63
151: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.991c, 997367s, 486.996M]: $
152: partition> d
153: Filesystem type [?] [unused]: (RETURN)
154: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: (RETURN)
155: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.999c, 997375s, 487M]: (RETURN)
156: partition> W
157: Label disk [n]? y
158: Label written
159: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
160: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
1.1 mspo 161:
1.7 wiki 162: Next, create a new NetBSD filesystem on partition sd0a:
1.1 mspo 163:
164: # newfs /dev/rsd0a
165:
1.7 wiki 166: Now, make the partition sd0a bootable:
1.1 mspo 167:
1.7 wiki 168: # mkdir /stick
169: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
170: # cp /usr/mdec/boot /stick
171: # umount /stick
172: # installboot -v -o timeout=1 /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
1.1 mspo 173:
174:
1.7 wiki 175: ## Copy the installation sets to the Memory Stick
1.1 mspo 176:
1.7 wiki 177: For the installation you need an installation kernel and the installation sets. To get them, fetch for example a NetBSD CD-image file from a local FTP-Mirror [1](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/#ftp):
1.1 mspo 178:
179: $ cd /home/mark
180: $ ftp -a ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
181:
1.7 wiki 182: Now mount the CD-image file:
1.1 mspo 183:
184: $ su
185: # mkdir /image
186: # vnconfig -c vnd0 /home/mark/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
187: # mount_cd9660 /dev/vnd0d /image
188:
1.7 wiki 189: And then, mount the Memory Stick and copy the **Install kernel** and **sets**:
1.1 mspo 190:
191: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
192: # cp /image/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz /stick/netbsd.gz
193: # cp -R /image/i386/binary/sets /stick/sets
194: # umount /stick
195: # rmdir /stick
196:
1.7 wiki 197: Now you can unmount the CD-image:
1.1 mspo 198:
199: # umount /image
200: # vnconfig -u vnd0
201: # rmdir /image
202:
203: The Memory Stick is now ready to boot the NetBSD-Install system. Just reboot and change your BIOS to boot the USB Memory Stick.
204:
1.7 wiki 205: ## The installation process
1.1 mspo 206:
207: If the Memory Stick boots fine, proceed with the Installation as usual, but the selection of the Install-sets is not quite intuitive:
208:
209: "Your disk is now ready for installing the kernel and the distributions sets [...]"
210: [...]
211: Install from
212: f: Unmounted fs
213:
214: Press RETURN and the following screen appears:
215:
216: "Enter the unmounted local device and directory on that device where the distribution is located. [...]"
217:
218: Choose the following options:
219:
220: a: Device sd0a
221: b: File system ffs
222: c: Base directory
223: d: Set directory /sets
224:
225: Yes, "c: Base directory" is left empty, because we had copied the distribution .tgz files to the /sets directory on the Memory Stick (9.)
226:
227: Now continue with the installation as usual. Good luck!
228:
229:
1.7 wiki 230: ## Alternative Method
1.1 mspo 231:
232: An alternative setup method saves space on the Stick at the expense of sysinst automation and is therefore more advanced. This method skips the sysinst tool by copying the sets and the **normal** GENERIC Kernel instead of the install-Kernel.
233:
1.7 wiki 234: Extract the sets from the harddisk directly on to the Memory stick (/mnt):
1.1 mspo 235:
236: # tar xvfzp sets.tgz -C /mnt
237:
1.7 wiki 238: Extract the Kernel to the target root:
1.1 mspo 239:
240: # tar xvfzp GENERIC-kernel.tgz -C /mnt
241:
242: All you need to do is now to create a valid /etc/fstab and modify /etc/rc.conf to RC_CONFIGURED=yes on the target root (/mnt) and reboot. All fine tuning can be done, when you're logged in.
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