Annotation of wikisrc/tutorials/how_to_install_netbsd_from_an_usb_memory_stick.mdwn, revision 1.10
1.9 leot 1: This describes how to install NetBSD (i386/amd64) using a Memory Stick instead
2: of a CD-ROM Drive.
1.1 mspo 3:
4: **Contents**
5:
6: [[!toc levels=3]]
7:
8:
1.7 wiki 9: # With an downloaded image
1.2 jdf 10: From NetBSD 5.1.2 on for the i386 and amd64 ports it is possible to download a
1.4 wiki 11: memory stick image for installing instead of downloading and transforming a CD image.
1.2 jdf 12:
13: This section describes in detail how to use this method. If you want to create
14: an image yourself, please see below.
15:
1.7 wiki 16: ## Downloading the installation image
1.2 jdf 17: Installation images are available on the [NetBSD
18: mirrors](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/) under the images/ directory, their
19: filenames match the *install.img.gz pattern.
20:
1.3 wiki 21: For example if we want to download NetBSD 6.0 for i386:
1.2 jdf 22:
1.3 wiki 23: # ftp ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.0/images/NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
1.2 jdf 24:
1.7 wiki 25: ## Copying the installation image to the memory stick
1.2 jdf 26: To prepare the memory stick under a Unix system you can just use
27: [[!template id=man name="dd" section="1"]].
1.8 leot 28: Whenever using dd(1), remember to set the blocksize by specifying the
29: <code>bs</code> parameter in order to speed up the write to the installation
30: media a bit (e.g. 1m).
1.10 ! leot 31: For example if the memory stick is recognized as `sd0` (**Warning: this will
1.2 jdf 32: overwrite all the contents on your memory stick**):
33:
1.3 wiki 34: # gunzip NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
1.8 leot 35: # dd if=NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m
1.2 jdf 36:
1.10 ! leot 37: In the previous command we have used `rsd0d` in order to refer to the *whole*
! 38: `sd0` disk.
! 39:
! 40: On Linux the command is similar although it need some minor adjustments, if the
! 41: memory stick is recognized as `sdb` (**Warning: this will overwrite all the
! 42: contents on your memory stick**):
! 43:
! 44: # gunzip NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img.gz
! 45: # dd if=NetBSD-6.0-i386-install.img of=/dev/sdb bs=1M
! 46:
1.7 wiki 47: ## Installation process
1.2 jdf 48: After NetBSD is booted from the memory stick the installation process is
49: usual (you can find an example in
1.5 wiki 50: [The NetBSD Guide](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)).
1.2 jdf 51: Just pay attention when choosing the installation media: if you want
52: to install using the installation sets on the memory stick when
53: [choosing the installation
54: media](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media)
55: select <code>g: local directory</code> and then clear the *base* (by default it points
56: to release/).
57:
1.1 mspo 58:
1.7 wiki 59: # Build your own image
1.6 wiki 60: Use <code>build.sh -U release install-image</code>
1.5 wiki 61: with your usual build settings from your src directory.
1.1 mspo 62:
1.5 wiki 63: Carry on with [the instructions after download](#index2h2) above.
1.1 mspo 64:
65:
1.7 wiki 66: # Manual method
1.1 mspo 67:
1.7 wiki 68: ## Make the Memory Stick bootable
1.1 mspo 69:
1.7 wiki 70: First, install the Master Boot Record (MBR):
1.1 mspo 71:
72: # fdisk -i /dev/rsd0d
73:
1.7 wiki 74: Then, create an fdisk partition for NetBSD:
1.1 mspo 75:
1.7 wiki 76: # fdisk -u /dev/rsd0d
77: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
78: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
79: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
80: total sectors: 997375
81: BIOS disk geometry:
82: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
83: total sectors: 997375
84: Do you want to change our idea of what BIOS thinks? [n] n
85: Partition table:
86: 0: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
87: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
88: 1: <UNUSED>
89: 2: <UNUSED>
90: 3: <UNUSED>
91: Bootselector disabled.
92: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] 0
93: The data for partition 0 is:
94: Primary DOS with 32 bit FAT (sysid 11)
95: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
96: sysid: [0..255 default: 11] 169
97: start: [0..974cyl default: 8, 0cyl, 0MB] (RETURN)
98: size: [0..974cyl default: 997367, 974cyl, 487MB]
99: bootmenu: [] (RETURN)
100: Partition table:
101: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
102: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
103: 1: <UNUSED>
104: 2 :<UNUSED>
105: 3: <UNUSED>
106: Bootselector disabled.
107: Which partition do you want to change?: [none] (RETURN)
108: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
109: Partition table:
110: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
111: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
112: 1: <UNUSED>
113: 2: <UNUSED>
114: 3: <UNUSED>
115: Bootselector disabled.
116: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
117:
118:
119:
120: After that, set the NetBSD partition active (it's partition Number 0):
121:
122: # fdisk -a /dev/rsd0d
123: Disk: /dev/rsd0d
124: NetBSD disklabel disk geometry:
125: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
126: total sectors: 997375
127: BIOS disk geometry:
128: cylinders: 974, heads: 128, sectors/track: 8 (1024 sectors/cylinder)
129: total sectors: 997375
130: Partition table:
131: 0: NetBSD (sysid 169)
132: start 8, size 997367 (487 MB, Cyls 0-973/127/8)
133: 1: <UNUSED>
134: 2: <UNUSED>
135: 3: <UNUSED>
136: Bootselector disabled.
137: Do you want to change the active partition? [n] y
138: Choosing 4 will make no partition active.
139: active partition: [0..4 default: 4] 0
140: Are you happy with this choice? [n] y
141:
142: Then, create the NetBSD disklabel and add the partitions "a" and "d":
143:
144: # disklabel -i -I sd0
145: partition> a
146: Filesystem type [?] [MSDOS]: 4.2BSD
147: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0.0078125c, 8s, 0.00390625M]: 63
148: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.991c, 997367s, 486.996M]: $
149: partition> d
150: Filesystem type [?] [unused]: (RETURN)
151: Start offset ('x' to start after partition 'x') [0c, 0s, 0M]: (RETURN)
152: Partition size ('$' for all remaining) [973.999c, 997375s, 487M]: (RETURN)
153: partition> W
154: Label disk [n]? y
155: Label written
156: We haven't written the MBR back to disk yet. This is your last chance.
157: Should we write new partition table? [n] y
1.1 mspo 158:
1.7 wiki 159: Next, create a new NetBSD filesystem on partition sd0a:
1.1 mspo 160:
161: # newfs /dev/rsd0a
162:
1.7 wiki 163: Now, make the partition sd0a bootable:
1.1 mspo 164:
1.7 wiki 165: # mkdir /stick
166: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
167: # cp /usr/mdec/boot /stick
168: # umount /stick
169: # installboot -v -o timeout=1 /dev/rsd0a /usr/mdec/bootxx_ffsv1
1.1 mspo 170:
171:
1.7 wiki 172: ## Copy the installation sets to the Memory Stick
1.1 mspo 173:
1.7 wiki 174: For the installation you need an installation kernel and the installation sets. To get them, fetch for example a NetBSD CD-image file from a local FTP-Mirror [1](http://www.netbsd.org/mirrors/#ftp):
1.1 mspo 175:
176: $ cd /home/mark
177: $ ftp -a ftp://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/iso/4.0.1/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
178:
1.7 wiki 179: Now mount the CD-image file:
1.1 mspo 180:
181: $ su
182: # mkdir /image
183: # vnconfig -c vnd0 /home/mark/i386cd-4.0.1.iso
184: # mount_cd9660 /dev/vnd0d /image
185:
1.7 wiki 186: And then, mount the Memory Stick and copy the **Install kernel** and **sets**:
1.1 mspo 187:
188: # mount /dev/sd0a /stick
189: # cp /image/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-INSTALL.gz /stick/netbsd.gz
190: # cp -R /image/i386/binary/sets /stick/sets
191: # umount /stick
192: # rmdir /stick
193:
1.7 wiki 194: Now you can unmount the CD-image:
1.1 mspo 195:
196: # umount /image
197: # vnconfig -u vnd0
198: # rmdir /image
199:
200: The Memory Stick is now ready to boot the NetBSD-Install system. Just reboot and change your BIOS to boot the USB Memory Stick.
201:
1.7 wiki 202: ## The installation process
1.1 mspo 203:
204: If the Memory Stick boots fine, proceed with the Installation as usual, but the selection of the Install-sets is not quite intuitive:
205:
206: "Your disk is now ready for installing the kernel and the distributions sets [...]"
207: [...]
208: Install from
209: f: Unmounted fs
210:
211: Press RETURN and the following screen appears:
212:
213: "Enter the unmounted local device and directory on that device where the distribution is located. [...]"
214:
215: Choose the following options:
216:
217: a: Device sd0a
218: b: File system ffs
219: c: Base directory
220: d: Set directory /sets
221:
222: Yes, "c: Base directory" is left empty, because we had copied the distribution .tgz files to the /sets directory on the Memory Stick (9.)
223:
224: Now continue with the installation as usual. Good luck!
225:
226:
1.7 wiki 227: ## Alternative Method
1.1 mspo 228:
229: An alternative setup method saves space on the Stick at the expense of sysinst automation and is therefore more advanced. This method skips the sysinst tool by copying the sets and the **normal** GENERIC Kernel instead of the install-Kernel.
230:
1.7 wiki 231: Extract the sets from the harddisk directly on to the Memory stick (/mnt):
1.1 mspo 232:
233: # tar xvfzp sets.tgz -C /mnt
234:
1.7 wiki 235: Extract the Kernel to the target root:
1.1 mspo 236:
237: # tar xvfzp GENERIC-kernel.tgz -C /mnt
238:
239: All you need to do is now to create a valid /etc/fstab and modify /etc/rc.conf to RC_CONFIGURED=yes on the target root (/mnt) and reboot. All fine tuning can be done, when you're logged in.
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