wikisrc/ports/xen/howto.mdwn - view

File: [NetBSD Developer Wiki] / wikisrc / ports / xen / howto.mdwn
Revision 1.27: download - view: text, annotated - select for diffs
Wed Dec 24 08:32:49 2014 UTC (6 years, 4 months ago) by jnemeth
Branches: MAIN
CVS tags: HEAD

- mention that Xen 4.2 is the last version to support i386 as a host
- grammar, spelling
- xen.org -> xenproject.org
- fix links
- note that installation concepts are independent of both Xen version
  and NetBSD version
- correct last version for xm
- add link to the Guide page for LVM
- note that the xend rc.d script should only be used when using xm
- make manpage references look nicer
  - these should be fixed up to be links like they were in htdocs

XXX  The example domU configs still need work.

1: Introduction 2: ============ 3: 4: [![[Xen 5: screenshot]](http://www.netbsd.org/gallery/in-Action/hubertf-xens.png)](../../gallery/in-Action/hubertf-xen.png) 6: 7: Xen is a virtual machine monitor or hypervisor for x86 hardware 8: (i686-class or higher), which supports running multiple guest 9: operating systems on a single physical machine. With Xen, one uses 10: the Xen kernel to control the CPU, memory and console, a dom0 11: operating system which mediates access to other hardware (e.g., disks, 12: network, USB), and one or more domU operating systems which operate in 13: an unprivileged virtualized environment. IO requests from the domU 14: systems are forwarded by the hypervisor (Xen) to the dom0 to be 15: fulfilled. 16: 17: Xen supports two styles of guests. The original is Para-Virtualized 18: (PV) which means that the guest OS does not attempt to access hardware 19: directly, but instead makes hypercalls to the hypervisor. This is 20: analogous to a user-space program making system calls. (The dom0 21: operating system uses PV calls for some functions, such as updating 22: memory mapping page tables, but has direct hardware access for disk 23: and network.) PV guests must be specifically coded for Xen. 24: 25: The more recent style is HVM, which means that the guest does not have 26: code for Xen and need not be aware that it is running under Xen. 27: Attempts to access hardware registers are trapped and emulated. This 28: style is less efficient but can run unmodified guests. 29: 30: Generally any amd64 machine will work with Xen and PV guests. For 31: HVM guests, the VT or VMX cpu feature (Intel) or SVM/HVM/VT (amd64) 32: is needed; "cpuctl identify 0" will show this. Xen 4.2 is the last 33: version for support for using i386 as a host. TODO: Clean up and 34: check the above features. 35: 36: At boot, the dom0 kernel is loaded as a module with Xen as the kernel. 37: The dom0 can start one or more domUs. (Booting is explained in detail 38: in the dom0 section.) 39: 40: NetBSD supports Xen in that it can serve as dom0, be used as a domU, 41: and that Xen kernels and tools are available in pkgsrc. This HOWTO 42: attempts to address both the case of running a NetBSD dom0 on hardware 43: and running domUs under it (NetBSD and other), and also running NetBSD 44: as a domU in a VPS. 45: 46: Some versions of Xen support "PCI passthrough", which means that 47: specific PCI devices can be made available to a specific domU instead 48: of the dom0. This can be useful to let a domU run X11, or access some 49: network interface or other peripheral. 50: 51: Prerequisites 52: ------------- 53: 54: Installing NetBSD/Xen is not extremely difficult, but it is more 55: complex than a normal installation of NetBSD. 56: In general, this HOWTO is occasionally overly restrictive about how 57: things must be done, guiding the reader to stay on the established 58: path when there are no known good reasons to stray. 59: 60: This HOWTO presumes a basic familiarity with the Xen system 61: architecture. This HOWTO presumes familiarity with installing NetBSD 62: on i386/amd64 hardware and installing software from pkgsrc. 63: See also the [Xen website](http://www.xenproject.org/). 64: 65: History 66: ------- 67: 68: NetBSD used to support Xen2; this has been removed. 69: 70: Before NetBSD's native bootloader could support Xen, the use of 71: grub was recommended. If necessary, see the 72: [old grub information](/ports/xen/howto-grub/). 73: 74: Versions of Xen and NetBSD 75: ========================== 76: 77: Most of the installation concepts and instructions are independent 78: of Xen version and NetBSD version. This section gives advice on 79: which version to choose. Versions not in pkgsrc and older unsupported 80: versions of NetBSD are intentionally ignored. 81: 82: Xen 83: --- 84: 85: In NetBSD, xen is provided in pkgsrc, via matching pairs of packages 86: xenkernel and xentools. We will refer only to the kernel versions, 87: but note that both packages must be installed together and must have 88: matching versions. 89: 90: xenkernel3 and xenkernel33 provide Xen 3.1 and 3.3. These no longer 91: receive security patches and should not be used. Xen 3.1 supports PCI 92: passthrough. 93: 94: xenkernel41 provides Xen 4.1. This is no longer maintained by Xen, 95: but as of 2014-12 receives backported security patches. It is a 96: reasonable although trailing-edge choice. 97: 98: xenkernel42 provides Xen 4.2. This is maintained by Xen, but old as 99: of 2014-12. 100: 101: Ideally newer versions of Xen will be added to pkgsrc. 102: 103: Note that NetBSD support is called XEN3. It works with 3.1 through 104: 4.2 because the hypercall interface has been stable. 105: 106: Xen command program 107: ------------------- 108: 109: Early Xen used a program called "xm" to manipulate the system from the 110: dom0. Starting in 4.1, a replacement program with similar behavior 111: called "xl" is provided. In 4.2 and later, "xl" is preferred. 4.4 is 112: the last version that has "xm". 113: 114: NetBSD 115: ------ 116: 117: The netbsd-5, netbsd-6, netbsd-7, and -current branches are all 118: reasonable choices, with more or less the same considerations for 119: non-Xen use. Therefore, netbsd-6 is recommended as the stable version 120: of the most recent release. 121: 122: As of NetBSD 6, a NetBSD domU will support multiple vcpus. There is 123: no SMP support for NetBSD as dom0. (The dom0 itself doesn't really 124: need SMP; the lack of support is really a problem when using a dom0 as 125: a normal computer.) 126: 127: Architecture 128: ------------ 129: 130: Xen is basically amd64 only at this point. One can either run i386 131: domains or amd64 domains. If running i386, PAE versions are required, 132: for both dom0 and domU. These versions are built by default in NetBSD 133: releases. While i386 dom0 works fine, amd64 is recommended as more 134: normal. (Note that emacs (at least) fails if run on i386 with PAE when 135: built without, and vice versa, presumably due to bugs in the undump 136: code.) 137: 138: Recommendation 139: -------------- 140: 141: Therefore, this HOWTO recommends running xenkernel42 (and xentools42), 142: xl, the NetBSD 6 stable branch, and to use amd64 as the dom0. Either 143: the i386 or amd64 of NetBSD may be used as domUs. 144: 145: NetBSD as a dom0 146: ================ 147: 148: NetBSD can be used as a dom0 and works very well. The following 149: sections address installation, updating NetBSD, and updating Xen. 150: Note that it doesn't make sense to talk about installing a dom0 OS 151: without also installing Xen itself. We first address installing 152: NetBSD, which is not yet a dom0, and then adding Xen, pivoting the 153: NetBSD install to a dom0 install by just changing the kernel and boot 154: configuration. 155: 156: Styles of dom0 operation 157: ------------------------ 158: 159: There are two basic ways to use Xen. The traditional method is for 160: the dom0 to do absolutely nothing other than providing support to some 161: number of domUs. Such a system was probably installed for the sole 162: purpose of hosting domUs, and sits in a server room on a UPS. 163: 164: The other way is to put Xen under a normal-usage computer, so that the 165: dom0 is what the computer would have been without Xen, perhaps a 166: desktop or laptop. Then, one can run domUs at will. Purists will 167: deride this as less secure than the previous approach, and for a 168: computer whose purpose is to run domUs, they are right. But Xen and a 169: dom0 (without domUs) is not meaingfully less secure than the same 170: things running without Xen. One can boot Xen or boot regular NetBSD 171: alternately with little problems, simply refraining from starting the 172: Xen daemons when not running Xen. 173: 174: Note that NetBSD as dom0 does not support multiple CPUs. This will 175: limit the performance of the Xen/dom0 workstation approach. 176: 177: Installation of NetBSD 178: ---------------------- 179: 180: First, 181: [install NetBSD/amd64](/guide/inst/) 182: just as you would if you were not using Xen. 183: However, the partitioning approach is very important. 184: 185: If you want to use RAIDframe for the dom0, there are no special issues 186: for Xen. Typically one provides RAID storage for the dom0, and the 187: domU systems are unaware of RAID. The 2nd-stage loader bootxx_* skips 188: over a RAID1 header to find /boot from a filesystem within a RAID 189: partition; this is no different when booting Xen. 190: 191: There are 4 styles of providing backing storage for the virtual disks 192: used by domUs: raw partitions, LVM, file-backed vnd(4), and SAN, 193: 194: With raw partitions, one has a disklabel (or gpt) partition sized for 195: each virtual disk to be used by the domU. (If you are able to predict 196: how domU usage will evolve, please add an explanation to the HOWTO. 197: Seriously, needs tend to change over time.) 198: 199: One can use [lvm(8)](/guide/lvm/) to create logical devices to use 200: for domU disks. This is almost as efficient as raw disk partitions 201: and more flexible. Hence raw disk partitions should typically not 202: be used. 203: 204: One can use files in the dom0 filesystem, typically created by dd'ing 205: /dev/zero to create a specific size. This is somewhat less efficient, 206: but very convenient, as one can cp the files for backup, or move them 207: between dom0 hosts. 208: 209: Finally, in theory one can place the files backing the domU disks in a 210: SAN. (This is an invitation for someone who has done this to add a 211: HOWTO page.) 212: 213: Installation of Xen 214: ------------------- 215: 216: In the dom0, install sysutils/xenkernel42 and sysutils/xentools42 from 217: pkgsrc (or another matching pair). 218: See [the pkgsrc 219: documentation](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/) for help with pkgsrc. 220: 221: For Xen 3.1, support for HVM guests is in sysutils/xentool3-hvm. More 222: recent versions have HVM support integrated in the main xentools 223: package. It is entirely reasonable to run only PV guests. 224: 225: Next you need to install the selected Xen kernel itself, which is 226: installed by pkgsrc as "/usr/pkg/xen*-kernel/xen.gz". Copy it to /. 227: For debugging, one may copy xen-debug.gz; this is conceptually similar 228: to DIAGNOSTIC and DEBUG in NetBSD. xen-debug.gz is basically only 229: useful with a serial console. Then, place a NetBSD XEN3_DOM0 kernel 230: in /, copied from releasedir/amd64/binary/kernel/netbsd-XEN3_DOM0.gz 231: of a NetBSD build. Both xen and NetBSD may be left compressed. (If 232: using i386, use releasedir/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-XEN3PAE_DOM0.gz.) 233: 234: In a dom0 kernel, kernfs is mandatory for xend to comunicate with the 235: kernel, so ensure that /kern is in fstab. 236: 237: Because you already installed NetBSD, you have a working boot setup 238: with an MBR bootblock, either bootxx_ffsv1 or bootxx_ffsv2 at the 239: beginning of your root filesystem, /boot present, and likely 240: /boot.cfg. (If not, fix before continuing!) 241: 242: See boot.cfg(5) for an example. The basic line is 243: 244: "menu=Xen:load /netbsd-XEN3_DOM0.gz console=pc;multiboot /xen.gz dom0_mem=256M" 245: 246: which specifies that the dom0 should have 256M, leaving the rest to be 247: allocated for domUs. 248: 249: As with non-Xen systems, you should have a line to boot /netbsd (a 250: kernel that works without Xen) and fallback versions of the non-Xen 251: kernel, Xen, and the dom0 kernel. 252: 253: Configuring Xen 254: --------------- 255: 256: Now, you have a system that will boot Xen and the dom0 kernel, and 257: just run the dom0 kernel. There will be no domUs, and none can be 258: started because you still have to configure the dom0 tools. 259: 260: For 3.3 (and probably 3.1), add to rc.conf (but note that you should 261: have installed 4.2): 262: xend=YES 263: xenbackendd=YES 264: 265: For 4.1 and 4.2, add to rc.conf: 266: xend=YES 267: xencommons=YES 268: 269: Note that xend is for supporting "xm", and should only be used if 270: you plan on using "xm". Do NOT enable xend if you plan on using 271: "xl" as it will cause problems. 272: 273: Updating NetBSD in a dom0 274: ------------------------- 275: 276: This is just like updating NetBSD on bare hardware, assuming the new 277: version supports the version of Xen you are running. Generally, one 278: replaces the kernel and reboots, and then overlays userland binaries 279: and adjusts /etc. 280: 281: Note that one must update both the non-Xen kernel typically used for 282: rescue purposes and the DOM0 kernel used with Xen. 283: 284: To convert from grub to /boot, install an mbr bootblock with fdisk, 285: bootxx_ with installboot, /boot and /boot.cfg. This really should be 286: no different than completely reinstalling boot blocks on a non-Xen 287: system. 288: 289: Updating Xen versions 290: --------------------- 291: 292: Updating Xen is conceptually not difficult, but can run into all the 293: issues found when installing Xen. Assuming migration from 4.1 to 4.2, 294: remove the xenkernel41 and xentools41 packages and install the 295: xenkernel42 and xentools42 packages. Copy the 4.2 xen.gz to /. 296: 297: Ensure that the contents of /etc/rc.d/xen* are correct. Enable the 298: correct set of daemons. Ensure that the domU config files are valid 299: for the new version. 300: 301: Creating unprivileged domains (domU) 302: ==================================== 303: 304: Creating domUs is almost entirely independent of operating system. We 305: first explain NetBSD, and then differences for Linux and Solaris. 306: 307: Creating an unprivileged NetBSD domain (domU) 308: --------------------------------------------- 309: 310: Once you have *domain0* running, you need to start the xen tool daemon 311: (`/usr/pkg/share/examples/rc.d/xend start`) and the xen backend daemon 312: (`/usr/pkg/share/examples/rc.d/xenbackendd start` for Xen3\*, 313: `/usr/pkg/share/examples/rc.d/xencommons start` for Xen4.\*). Make sure 314: that `/dev/xencons` and `/dev/xenevt` exist before starting `xend`. You 315: can create them with this command: 316: 317: # cd /dev && sh MAKEDEV xen 318: 319: xend will write logs to `/var/log/xend.log` and 320: `/var/log/xend-debug.log`. You can then control xen with the xm tool. 321: 'xm list' will show something like: 322: 323: # xm list 324: Name Id Mem(MB) CPU State Time(s) Console 325: Domain-0 0 64 0 r---- 58.1 326: 327: 'xm create' allows you to create a new domain. It uses a config file in 328: PKG\_SYSCONFDIR for its parameters. By default, this file will be in 329: `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/`. On creation, a kernel has to be specified, which 330: will be executed in the new domain (this kernel is in the *domain0* file 331: system, not on the new domain virtual disk; but please note, you should 332: install the same kernel into *domainU* as `/netbsd` in order to make 333: your system tools, like savecore(8), work). A suitable kernel is 334: provided as part of the i386 and amd64 binary sets: XEN3\_DOMU. 335: 336: Here is an /usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd example config file: 337: 338: # -*- mode: python; -*- 339: #============================================================================ 340: # Python defaults setup for 'xm create'. 341: # Edit this file to reflect the configuration of your system. 342: #============================================================================ 343: 344: #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 345: # Kernel image file. This kernel will be loaded in the new domain. 346: kernel = "/home/bouyer/netbsd-XEN3_DOMU" 347: #kernel = "/home/bouyer/netbsd-INSTALL_XEN3_DOMU" 348: 349: # Memory allocation (in megabytes) for the new domain. 350: memory = 128 351: 352: # A handy name for your new domain. This will appear in 'xm list', 353: # and you can use this as parameters for xm in place of the domain 354: # number. All domains must have different names. 355: # 356: name = "nbsd" 357: 358: # The number of virtual CPUs this domain has. 359: # 360: vcpus = 1 361: 362: #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 363: # Define network interfaces for the new domain. 364: 365: # Number of network interfaces (must be at least 1). Default is 1. 366: nics = 1 367: 368: # Define MAC and/or bridge for the network interfaces. 369: # 370: # The MAC address specified in ``mac'' is the one used for the interface 371: # in the new domain. The interface in domain0 will use this address XOR'd 372: # with 00:00:00:01:00:00 (i.e. aa:00:00:51:02:f0 in our example). Random 373: # MACs are assigned if not given. 374: # 375: # ``bridge'' is a required parameter, which will be passed to the 376: # vif-script called by xend(8) when a new domain is created to configure 377: # the new xvif interface in domain0. 378: # 379: # In this example, the xvif is added to bridge0, which should have been 380: # set up prior to the new domain being created -- either in the 381: # ``network'' script or using a /etc/ifconfig.bridge0 file. 382: # 383: vif = [ 'mac=aa:00:00:50:02:f0, bridge=bridge0' ] 384: 385: #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 386: # Define the disk devices you want the domain to have access to, and 387: # what you want them accessible as. 388: # 389: # Each disk entry is of the form: 390: # 391: # phy:DEV,VDEV,MODE 392: # 393: # where DEV is the device, VDEV is the device name the domain will see, 394: # and MODE is r for read-only, w for read-write. You can also create 395: # file-backed domains using disk entries of the form: 396: # 397: # file:PATH,VDEV,MODE 398: # 399: # where PATH is the path to the file used as the virtual disk, and VDEV 400: # and MODE have the same meaning as for ``phy'' devices. 401: # 402: # VDEV doesn't really matter for a NetBSD guest OS (it's just used as an index), 403: # but it does for Linux. 404: # Worse, the device has to exist in /dev/ of domain0, because xm will 405: # try to stat() it. This means that in order to load a Linux guest OS 406: # from a NetBSD domain0, you'll have to create /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2, ... 407: # on domain0, with the major/minor from Linux :( 408: # Alternatively it's possible to specify the device number in hex, 409: # e.g. 0x301 for /dev/hda1, 0x302 for /dev/hda2, etc ... 410: 411: disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w' ] 412: #disk = [ 'file:/var/xen/nbsd-disk,0x01,w' ] 413: #disk = [ 'file:/var/xen/nbsd-disk,0x301,w' ] 414: 415: #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 416: # Set the kernel command line for the new domain. 417: 418: # Set root device. This one does matter for NetBSD 419: root = "xbd0" 420: # extra parameters passed to the kernel 421: # this is where you can set boot flags like -s, -a, etc ... 422: #extra = "" 423: 424: #---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 425: # Set according to whether you want the domain restarted when it exits. 426: # The default is False. 427: #autorestart = True 428: 429: # end of nbsd config file ==================================================== 430: 431: When a new domain is created, xen calls the 432: `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge` script for each virtual network interface 433: created in *domain0*. This can be used to automatically configure the 434: xvif?.? interfaces in *domain0*. In our example, these will be bridged 435: with the bridge0 device in *domain0*, but the bridge has to exist first. 436: To do this, create the file `/etc/ifconfig.bridge0` and make it look 437: like this: 438: 439: create 440: !brconfig $int add ex0 up 441: 442: (replace `ex0` with the name of your physical interface). Then bridge0 443: will be created on boot. See the bridge(4) man page for details. 444: 445: So, here is a suitable `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge` for xvif?.? (a 446: working vif-bridge is also provided with xentools20) configuring: 447: 448: #!/bin/sh 449: #============================================================================ 450: # $NetBSD: howto.mdwn,v 1.27 2014/12/24 08:32:49 jnemeth Exp $ 451: # 452: # /usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge 453: # 454: # Script for configuring a vif in bridged mode with a dom0 interface. 455: # The xend(8) daemon calls a vif script when bringing a vif up or down. 456: # The script name to use is defined in /usr/pkg/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp 457: # in the ``vif-script'' field. 458: # 459: # Usage: vif-bridge up|down [var=value ...] 460: # 461: # Actions: 462: # up Adds the vif interface to the bridge. 463: # down Removes the vif interface from the bridge. 464: # 465: # Variables: 466: # domain name of the domain the interface is on (required). 467: # vifq vif interface name (required). 468: # mac vif MAC address (required). 469: # bridge bridge to add the vif to (required). 470: # 471: # Example invocation: 472: # 473: # vif-bridge up domain=VM1 vif=xvif1.0 mac="ee:14:01:d0:ec:af" bridge=bridge0 474: # 475: #============================================================================ 476: 477: # Exit if anything goes wrong 478: set -e 479: 480: echo "vif-bridge $*" 481: 482: # Operation name. 483: OP=$1; shift 484: 485: # Pull variables in args into environment 486: for arg ; do export "${arg}" ; done 487: 488: # Required parameters. Fail if not set. 489: domain=${domain:?} 490: vif=${vif:?} 491: mac=${mac:?} 492: bridge=${bridge:?} 493: 494: # Optional parameters. Set defaults. 495: ip=${ip:-''} # default to null (do nothing) 496: 497: # Are we going up or down? 498: case $OP in 499: up) brcmd='add' ;; 500: down) brcmd='delete' ;; 501: *) 502: echo 'Invalid command: ' $OP 503: echo 'Valid commands are: up, down' 504: exit 1 505: ;; 506: esac 507: 508: # Don't do anything if the bridge is "null". 509: if [ "${bridge}" = "null" ] ; then 510: exit 511: fi 512: 513: # Don't do anything if the bridge doesn't exist. 514: if ! ifconfig -l | grep "${bridge}" >/dev/null; then 515: exit 516: fi 517: 518: # Add/remove vif to/from bridge. 519: ifconfig x${vif} $OP 520: brconfig ${bridge} ${brcmd} x${vif} 521: 522: Now, running 523: 524: xm create -c /usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd 525: 526: should create a domain and load a NetBSD kernel in it. (Note: `-c` 527: causes xm to connect to the domain's console once created.) The kernel 528: will try to find its root file system on xbd0 (i.e., wd0e) which hasn't 529: been created yet. wd0e will be seen as a disk device in the new domain, 530: so it will be 'sub-partitioned'. We could attach a ccd to wd0e in 531: *domain0* and partition it, newfs and extract the NetBSD/i386 or amd64 532: tarballs there, but there's an easier way: load the 533: `netbsd-INSTALL_XEN3_DOMU` kernel provided in the NetBSD binary sets. 534: Like other install kernels, it contains a ramdisk with sysinst, so you 535: can install NetBSD using sysinst on your new domain. 536: 537: If you want to install NetBSD/Xen with a CDROM image, the following line 538: should be used in the `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd` file: 539: 540: disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w', 'phy:/dev/cd0a,0x2,r' ] 541: 542: After booting the domain, the option to install via CDROM may be 543: selected. The CDROM device should be changed to `xbd1d`. 544: 545: Once done installing, `halt -p` the new domain (don't reboot or halt, it 546: would reload the INSTALL\_XEN3\_DOMU kernel even if you changed the 547: config file), switch the config file back to the XEN3\_DOMU kernel, and 548: start the new domain again. Now it should be able to use `root on xbd0a` 549: and you should have a second, functional NetBSD system on your xen 550: installation. 551: 552: When the new domain is booting you'll see some warnings about *wscons* 553: and the pseudo-terminals. These can be fixed by editing the files 554: `/etc/ttys` and `/etc/wscons.conf`. You must disable all terminals in 555: `/etc/ttys`, except *console*, like this: 556: 557: console "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" vt100 on secure 558: ttyE0 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" vt220 off secure 559: ttyE1 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" vt220 off secure 560: ttyE2 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" vt220 off secure 561: ttyE3 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" vt220 off secure 562: 563: Finally, all screens must be commented out from `/etc/wscons.conf`. 564: 565: It is also desirable to add 566: 567: powerd=YES 568: 569: in rc.conf. This way, the domain will be properly shut down if 570: `xm shutdown -R` or `xm shutdown -H` is used on the domain0. 571: 572: Your domain should be now ready to work, enjoy. 573: 574: Creating an unprivileged Linux domain (domU) 575: -------------------------------------------- 576: 577: Creating unprivileged Linux domains isn't much different from 578: unprivileged NetBSD domains, but there are some details to know. 579: 580: First, the second parameter passed to the disk declaration (the '0x1' in 581: the example below) 582: 583: disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w' ] 584: 585: does matter to Linux. It wants a Linux device number here (e.g. 0x300 586: for hda). Linux builds device numbers as: (major \<\< 8 + minor). So, 587: hda1 which has major 3 and minor 1 on a Linux system will have device 588: number 0x301. Alternatively, devices names can be used (hda, hdb, ...) 589: as xentools has a table to map these names to devices numbers. To export 590: a partition to a Linux guest we can use: 591: 592: disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x300,w' ] 593: root = "/dev/hda1 ro" 594: 595: and it will appear as /dev/hda on the Linux system, and be used as root 596: partition. 597: 598: To install the Linux system on the partition to be exported to the guest 599: domain, the following method can be used: install sysutils/e2fsprogs 600: from pkgsrc. Use mke2fs to format the partition that will be the root 601: partition of your Linux domain, and mount it. Then copy the files from a 602: working Linux system, make adjustments in `/etc` (fstab, network 603: config). It should also be possible to extract binary packages such as 604: .rpm or .deb directly to the mounted partition using the appropriate 605: tool, possibly running under NetBSD's Linux emulation. Once the 606: filesystem has been populated, umount it. If desirable, the filesystem 607: can be converted to ext3 using tune2fs -j. It should now be possible to 608: boot the Linux guest domain, using one of the vmlinuz-\*-xenU kernels 609: available in the Xen binary distribution. 610: 611: To get the linux console right, you need to add: 612: 613: extra = "xencons=tty1" 614: 615: to your configuration since not all linux distributions auto-attach a 616: tty to the xen console. 617: 618: Creating an unprivileged Solaris domain (domU) 619: ---------------------------------------------- 620: 621: Download an Opensolaris [release](http://opensolaris.org/os/downloads/) 622: or [development snapshot](http://genunix.org/) DVD image. Attach the DVD 623: image to a MAN.VND.4 device. Copy the kernel and ramdisk filesystem 624: image to your dom0 filesystem. 625: 626: dom0# mkdir /root/solaris 627: dom0# vnconfig vnd0 osol-1002-124-x86.iso 628: dom0# mount /dev/vnd0a /mnt 629: 630: ## for a 64-bit guest 631: dom0# cp /mnt/boot/amd64/x86.microroot /root/solaris 632: dom0# cp /mnt/platform/i86xpv/kernel/amd64/unix /root/solaris 633: 634: ## for a 32-bit guest 635: dom0# cp /mnt/boot/x86.microroot /root/solaris 636: dom0# cp /mnt/platform/i86xpv/kernel/unix /root/solaris 637: 638: dom0# umount /mnt 639: 640: 641: Keep the MAN.VND.4 configured. For some reason the boot process stalls 642: unless the DVD image is attached to the guest as a "phy" device. Create 643: an initial configuration file with the following contents. Substitute 644: */dev/wd0k* with an empty partition at least 8 GB large. 645: 646: memory = 640 647: name = 'solaris' 648: disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0k,0,w' ] 649: disk += [ 'phy:/dev/vnd0d,6:cdrom,r' ] 650: vif = [ 'bridge=bridge0' ] 651: kernel = '/root/solaris/unix' 652: ramdisk = '/root/solaris/x86.microroot' 653: # for a 64-bit guest 654: extra = '/platform/i86xpv/kernel/amd64/unix - nowin -B install_media=cdrom' 655: # for a 32-bit guest 656: #extra = '/platform/i86xpv/kernel/unix - nowin -B install_media=cdrom' 657: 658: 659: Start the guest. 660: 661: dom0# xm create -c solaris.cfg 662: Started domain solaris 663: v3.3.2 chgset 'unavailable' 664: SunOS Release 5.11 Version snv_124 64-bit 665: Copyright 1983-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 666: Use is subject to license terms. 667: Hostname: opensolaris 668: Remounting root read/write 669: Probing for device nodes ... 670: WARNING: emlxs: ddi_modopen drv/fct failed: err 2 671: Preparing live image for use 672: Done mounting Live image 673: 674: 675: Make sure the network is configured. Note that it can take a minute for 676: the xnf0 interface to appear. 677: 678: opensolaris console login: jack 679: Password: jack 680: Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.11 snv_124 November 2008 681: jack@opensolaris:~$ pfexec sh 682: sh-3.2# ifconfig -a 683: sh-3.2# exit 684: 685: 686: Set a password for VNC and start the VNC server which provides the X11 687: display where the installation program runs. 688: 689: jack@opensolaris:~$ vncpasswd 690: Password: solaris 691: Verify: solaris 692: jack@opensolaris:~$ cp .Xclients .vnc/xstartup 693: jack@opensolaris:~$ vncserver :1 694: 695: 696: From a remote machine connect to the VNC server. Use `ifconfig xnf0` on 697: the guest to find the correct IP address to use. 698: 699: remote$ vncviewer 172.18.2.99:1 700: 701: 702: It is also possible to launch the installation on a remote X11 display. 703: 704: jack@opensolaris:~$ export DISPLAY=172.18.1.1:0 705: jack@opensolaris:~$ pfexec gui-install 706: 707: 708: After the GUI installation is complete you will be asked to reboot. 709: Before that you need to determine the ZFS ID for the new boot filesystem 710: and update the configuration file accordingly. Return to the guest 711: console. 712: 713: jack@opensolaris:~$ pfexec zdb -vvv rpool | grep bootfs 714: bootfs = 43 715: ^C 716: jack@opensolaris:~$ 717: 718: 719: The final configuration file should look like this. Note in particular 720: the last line. 721: 722: memory = 640 723: name = 'solaris' 724: disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0k,0,w' ] 725: vif = [ 'bridge=bridge0' ] 726: kernel = '/root/solaris/unix' 727: ramdisk = '/root/solaris/x86.microroot' 728: extra = '/platform/i86xpv/kernel/amd64/unix -B zfs-bootfs=rpool/43,bootpath="/xpvd/xdf@0:a"' 729: 730: 731: Restart the guest to verify it works correctly. 732: 733: dom0# xm destroy solaris 734: dom0# xm create -c solaris.cfg 735: Using config file "./solaris.cfg". 736: v3.3.2 chgset 'unavailable' 737: Started domain solaris 738: SunOS Release 5.11 Version snv_124 64-bit 739: Copyright 1983-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. 740: Use is subject to license terms. 741: WARNING: emlxs: ddi_modopen drv/fct failed: err 2 742: Hostname: osol 743: Configuring devices. 744: Loading smf(5) service descriptions: 160/160 745: svccfg import warnings. See /var/svc/log/system-manifest-import:default.log . 746: Reading ZFS config: done. 747: Mounting ZFS filesystems: (6/6) 748: Creating new rsa public/private host key pair 749: Creating new dsa public/private host key pair 750: 751: osol console login: 752: 753: 754: Using PCI devices in guest domains 755: ---------------------------------- 756: 757: The domain0 can give other domains access to selected PCI devices. This 758: can allow, for example, a non-privileged domain to have access to a 759: physical network interface or disk controller. However, keep in mind 760: that giving a domain access to a PCI device most likely will give the 761: domain read/write access to the whole physical memory, as PCs don't have 762: an IOMMU to restrict memory access to DMA-capable device. Also, it's not 763: possible to export ISA devices to non-domain0 domains (which means that 764: the primary VGA adapter can't be exported. A guest domain trying to 765: access the VGA registers will panic). 766: 767: This functionality is only available in NetBSD-5.1 (and later) domain0 768: and domU. If the domain0 is NetBSD, it has to be running Xen 3.1, as 769: support has not been ported to later versions at this time. 770: 771: For a PCI device to be exported to a domU, is has to be attached to the 772: `pciback` driver in domain0. Devices passed to the domain0 via the 773: pciback.hide boot parameter will attach to `pciback` instead of the 774: usual driver. The list of devices is specified as `(bus:dev.func)`, 775: where bus and dev are 2-digit hexadecimal numbers, and func a 776: single-digit number: 777: 778: pciback.hide=(00:0a.0)(00:06.0) 779: 780: pciback devices should show up in the domain0's boot messages, and the 781: devices should be listed in the `/kern/xen/pci` directory. 782: 783: PCI devices to be exported to a domU are listed in the `pci` array of 784: the domU's config file, with the format `'0000:bus:dev.func'` 785: 786: pci = [ '0000:00:06.0', '0000:00:0a.0' ] 787: 788: In the domU an `xpci` device will show up, to which one or more pci 789: busses will attach. Then the PCI drivers will attach to PCI busses as 790: usual. Note that the default NetBSD DOMU kernels do not have `xpci` or 791: any PCI drivers built in by default; you have to build your own kernel 792: to use PCI devices in a domU. Here's a kernel config example: 793: 794: include "arch/i386/conf/XEN3_DOMU" 795: #include "arch/i386/conf/XENU" # in NetBSD 3.0 796: 797: # Add support for PCI busses to the XEN3_DOMU kernel 798: xpci* at xenbus ? 799: pci* at xpci ? 800: 801: # Now add PCI and related devices to be used by this domain 802: # USB Controller and Devices 803: 804: # PCI USB controllers 805: uhci* at pci? dev ? function ? # Universal Host Controller (Intel) 806: 807: # USB bus support 808: usb* at uhci? 809: 810: # USB Hubs 811: uhub* at usb? 812: uhub* at uhub? port ? configuration ? interface ? 813: 814: # USB Mass Storage 815: umass* at uhub? port ? configuration ? interface ? 816: wd* at umass? 817: # SCSI controllers 818: ahc* at pci? dev ? function ? # Adaptec [23]94x, aic78x0 SCSI 819: 820: # SCSI bus support (for both ahc and umass) 821: scsibus* at scsi? 822: 823: # SCSI devices 824: sd* at scsibus? target ? lun ? # SCSI disk drives 825: cd* at scsibus? target ? lun ? # SCSI CD-ROM drives 826: 827: Links and further information 828: ============================= 829: 830: - The [HowTo on Installing into RAID-1](http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-xen/2006/03/01/0010.html) 831: explains how to set up booting a dom0 with Xen using grub 832: with NetBSD's RAIDframe. (This is obsolete with the use of 833: NetBSD's native boot.) 834: - An example of how to use NetBSD's native bootloader to load 835: NetBSD/Xen instead of Grub can be found in the i386/amd64 boot(8) 836: and boot.cfg(5) manpages.