version 1.48, 2014/12/26 20:00:44
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version 1.51, 2014/12/26 23:36:34
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Line 204 alternately with little problems, simply
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Line 204 alternately with little problems, simply
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Xen daemons when not running Xen. |
Xen daemons when not running Xen. |
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Note that NetBSD as dom0 does not support multiple CPUs. This will |
Note that NetBSD as dom0 does not support multiple CPUs. This will |
limit the performance of the Xen/dom0 workstation approach. |
limit the performance of the Xen/dom0 workstation approach. In theory |
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the only issue is that the "backend drivers" are not yet MPSAFE: |
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http://mail-index.netbsd.org/netbsd-users/2014/08/29/msg015195.html |
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Installation of NetBSD |
Installation of NetBSD |
---------------------- |
---------------------- |
Line 263 in /, copied from releasedir/amd64/binar
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Line 265 in /, copied from releasedir/amd64/binar
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of a NetBSD build. Both xen and NetBSD may be left compressed. (If |
of a NetBSD build. Both xen and NetBSD may be left compressed. (If |
using i386, use releasedir/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-XEN3PAE_DOM0.gz.) |
using i386, use releasedir/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-XEN3PAE_DOM0.gz.) |
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In a dom0 kernel, kernfs is mandatory for xend to comunicate with the |
With Xen as the kernel, you must provide a dom0 NetBSD kernel to be |
kernel, so ensure that /kern is in fstab. |
used as a module; place this in /. Suitable kernels are provided in |
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releasedir/binary/kernel: |
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i386 XEN3_DOM0 |
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i386 XEN3PAE_DOM0 |
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amd64 XEN3_DOM0 |
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The first one is only for use with Xen 3.1 and i386-mode Xen (and you |
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should not do this). Current Xen always uses PAE on i386, but you |
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should generally use amd64 for the dom0. In a dom0 kernel, kernfs is |
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mandatory for xend to comunicate with the kernel, so ensure that /kern |
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is in fstab. TODO: Say this is default, or file a PR and give a |
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reference. |
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Because you already installed NetBSD, you have a working boot setup |
Because you already installed NetBSD, you have a working boot setup |
with an MBR bootblock, either bootxx_ffsv1 or bootxx_ffsv2 at the |
with an MBR bootblock, either bootxx_ffsv1 or bootxx_ffsv2 at the |
Line 541 are given a device name to associate wit
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Line 555 are given a device name to associate wit
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"hda1" or "sda1" are common. In a NetBSD domU, the first disk appears |
"hda1" or "sda1" are common. In a NetBSD domU, the first disk appears |
as xbd0, the second as xbd1, and so on. However, xm/xl demand a |
as xbd0, the second as xbd1, and so on. However, xm/xl demand a |
second argument. The name given is converted to a major/minor by |
second argument. The name given is converted to a major/minor by |
consulting /dev and this is passed to the domU (TODO: check this). In |
calling stat(2) on the name in /dev and this is passed to the domU. |
the general case, the dom0 and domU can be different operating |
In the general case, the dom0 and domU can be different operating |
systems, and it is an unwarranted assumption that they have consistent |
systems, and it is an unwarranted assumption that they have consistent |
numbering in /dev, or even that the dom0 OS has a /dev. With NetBSD |
numbering in /dev, or even that the dom0 OS has a /dev. With NetBSD |
as both dom0 and domU, using values of 0x0 for the first disk and 0x1 |
as both dom0 and domU, using values of 0x0 for the first disk and 0x1 |
for the second works fine and avoids this issue. |
for the second works fine and avoids this issue. For a GNU/Linux |
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guest, one can create /dev/hda1 in /dev, or to pass 0x301 for |
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/dev/hda1. |
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The third element is "w" for writable disks, and "r" for read-only |
The third element is "w" for writable disks, and "r" for read-only |
disks. |
disks. |
Line 578 With NAT, the domU perceives itself to b
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Line 594 With NAT, the domU perceives itself to b
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dom0. This is often appropriate when running Xen on a workstation. |
dom0. This is often appropriate when running Xen on a workstation. |
TODO: NAT appears to be configured by "vif = [ '' ]". |
TODO: NAT appears to be configured by "vif = [ '' ]". |
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The MAC address specified is the one used for the interface in the new |
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domain. The interface in domain0 will use this address XOR'd with |
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00:00:00:01:00:00. Random MAC addresses are assigned if not given. |
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Sizing domains |
Sizing domains |
-------------- |
-------------- |
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Line 605 Creating specific unprivileged domains (
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Line 625 Creating specific unprivileged domains (
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============================================= |
============================================= |
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Creating domUs is almost entirely independent of operating system. We |
Creating domUs is almost entirely independent of operating system. We |
first explain NetBSD, and then differences for Linux and Solaris. |
have already presented the basics of config files. Note that you must |
Note that you must have already completed the dom0 setup so that "xm |
have already completed the dom0 setup so that "xl list" (or "xm list") |
list" (or "xl list") works. |
works. |
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Creating an unprivileged NetBSD domain (domU) |
Creating an unprivileged NetBSD domain (domU) |
--------------------------------------------- |
--------------------------------------------- |
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'xm create' allows you to create a new domain. It uses a config file in |
See the earlier config file, and adjust memory. Decide on how much |
PKG\_SYSCONFDIR for its parameters. By default, this file will be in |
storage you will provide, and prepare it (file or lvm). |
`/usr/pkg/etc/xen/`. On creation, a kernel has to be specified, which |
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will be executed in the new domain (this kernel is in the *domain0* file |
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system, not on the new domain virtual disk; but please note, you should |
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install the same kernel into *domainU* as `/netbsd` in order to make |
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your system tools, like savecore(8), work). A suitable kernel is |
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provided as part of the i386 and amd64 binary sets: XEN3\_DOMU. |
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Here is an /usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd example config file: |
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# -*- mode: python; -*- |
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#============================================================================ |
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# Python defaults setup for 'xm create'. |
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# Edit this file to reflect the configuration of your system. |
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#============================================================================ |
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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# Kernel image file. This kernel will be loaded in the new domain. |
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kernel = "/home/bouyer/netbsd-XEN3_DOMU" |
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#kernel = "/home/bouyer/netbsd-INSTALL_XEN3_DOMU" |
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# Memory allocation (in megabytes) for the new domain. |
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memory = 128 |
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# A handy name for your new domain. This will appear in 'xm list', |
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# and you can use this as parameters for xm in place of the domain |
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# number. All domains must have different names. |
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# |
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name = "nbsd" |
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# The number of virtual CPUs this domain has. |
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# |
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vcpus = 1 |
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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# Define network interfaces for the new domain. |
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# Number of network interfaces (must be at least 1). Default is 1. |
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nics = 1 |
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# Define MAC and/or bridge for the network interfaces. |
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# |
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# The MAC address specified in ``mac'' is the one used for the interface |
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# in the new domain. The interface in domain0 will use this address XOR'd |
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# with 00:00:00:01:00:00 (i.e. aa:00:00:51:02:f0 in our example). Random |
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# MACs are assigned if not given. |
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# |
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# ``bridge'' is a required parameter, which will be passed to the |
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# vif-script called by xend(8) when a new domain is created to configure |
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# the new xvif interface in domain0. |
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# |
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# In this example, the xvif is added to bridge0, which should have been |
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# set up prior to the new domain being created -- either in the |
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# ``network'' script or using a /etc/ifconfig.bridge0 file. |
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# |
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vif = [ 'mac=aa:00:00:50:02:f0, bridge=bridge0' ] |
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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# Define the disk devices you want the domain to have access to, and |
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# what you want them accessible as. |
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# |
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# Each disk entry is of the form: |
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# |
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# phy:DEV,VDEV,MODE |
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# |
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# where DEV is the device, VDEV is the device name the domain will see, |
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# and MODE is r for read-only, w for read-write. You can also create |
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# file-backed domains using disk entries of the form: |
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# |
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# file:PATH,VDEV,MODE |
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# |
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# where PATH is the path to the file used as the virtual disk, and VDEV |
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# and MODE have the same meaning as for ``phy'' devices. |
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# |
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# VDEV doesn't really matter for a NetBSD guest OS (it's just used as an index), |
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# but it does for Linux. |
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# Worse, the device has to exist in /dev/ of domain0, because xm will |
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# try to stat() it. This means that in order to load a Linux guest OS |
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# from a NetBSD domain0, you'll have to create /dev/hda1, /dev/hda2, ... |
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# on domain0, with the major/minor from Linux :( |
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# Alternatively it's possible to specify the device number in hex, |
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# e.g. 0x301 for /dev/hda1, 0x302 for /dev/hda2, etc ... |
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disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w' ] |
While the kernel will be obtained from the dom0 filesystem, the same |
#disk = [ 'file:/var/xen/nbsd-disk,0x01,w' ] |
file should be present in the domU as /netbsd so that tools like |
#disk = [ 'file:/var/xen/nbsd-disk,0x301,w' ] |
savecore(8) can work. (This is helpful but not necessary.) |
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The kernel must be specifically for Xen and for use as a domU. The |
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i386 and amd64 provide the following kernels: |
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i386 XEN3_DOMU |
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i386 XEN3PAE_DOMU |
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amd64 XEN3_DOMU |
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Unless using Xen 3.1 (and you shouldn't) with i386-mode Xen, you must |
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use the PAE version of the i386 kernel. |
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This will boot NetBSD, but this is not that useful if the disk is |
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empty. One approach is to unpack sets onto the disk outside of xen |
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(by mounting it, just as you would prepare a physical disk for a |
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system you can't run the installer on). |
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A second approach is to run an INSTALL kernel, which has a miniroot |
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and can load sets from the network. To do this, copy the INSTALL |
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kernel to / and change the kernel line in the config file to: |
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
kernel = "/home/bouyer/netbsd-INSTALL_XEN3_DOMU" |
# Set the kernel command line for the new domain. |
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# Set root device. This one does matter for NetBSD |
Then, start the domain as "xl create -c configname". |
root = "xbd0" |
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# extra parameters passed to the kernel |
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# this is where you can set boot flags like -s, -a, etc ... |
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#extra = "" |
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#---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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# Set according to whether you want the domain restarted when it exits. |
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# The default is False. |
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#autorestart = True |
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# end of nbsd config file ==================================================== |
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When a new domain is created, xen calls the |
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`/usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge` script for each virtual network interface |
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created in *domain0*. This can be used to automatically configure the |
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xvif?.? interfaces in *domain0*. In our example, these will be bridged |
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with the bridge0 device in *domain0*, but the bridge has to exist first. |
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To do this, create the file `/etc/ifconfig.bridge0` and make it look |
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like this: |
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create |
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!brconfig $int add ex0 up |
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(replace `ex0` with the name of your physical interface). Then bridge0 |
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will be created on boot. See the bridge(4) man page for details. |
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So, here is a suitable `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge` for xvif?.? (a |
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working vif-bridge is also provided with xentools20) configuring: |
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#!/bin/sh |
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#============================================================================ |
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# $NetBSD: howto.mdwn,v 1.47 2014/12/26 18:35:45 gdt Exp $ |
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# |
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# /usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge |
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# |
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# Script for configuring a vif in bridged mode with a dom0 interface. |
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# The xend(8) daemon calls a vif script when bringing a vif up or down. |
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# The script name to use is defined in /usr/pkg/etc/xen/xend-config.sxp |
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# in the ``vif-script'' field. |
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# |
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# Usage: vif-bridge up|down [var=value ...] |
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# |
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# Actions: |
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# up Adds the vif interface to the bridge. |
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# down Removes the vif interface from the bridge. |
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# |
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# Variables: |
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# domain name of the domain the interface is on (required). |
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# vifq vif interface name (required). |
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# mac vif MAC address (required). |
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# bridge bridge to add the vif to (required). |
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# |
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# Example invocation: |
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# |
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# vif-bridge up domain=VM1 vif=xvif1.0 mac="ee:14:01:d0:ec:af" bridge=bridge0 |
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# |
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#============================================================================ |
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# Exit if anything goes wrong |
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set -e |
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echo "vif-bridge $*" |
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# Operation name. |
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OP=$1; shift |
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# Pull variables in args into environment |
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for arg ; do export "${arg}" ; done |
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# Required parameters. Fail if not set. |
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domain=${domain:?} |
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vif=${vif:?} |
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mac=${mac:?} |
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bridge=${bridge:?} |
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# Optional parameters. Set defaults. |
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ip=${ip:-''} # default to null (do nothing) |
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# Are we going up or down? |
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case $OP in |
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up) brcmd='add' ;; |
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down) brcmd='delete' ;; |
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*) |
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echo 'Invalid command: ' $OP |
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echo 'Valid commands are: up, down' |
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exit 1 |
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;; |
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esac |
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# Don't do anything if the bridge is "null". |
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if [ "${bridge}" = "null" ] ; then |
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exit |
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fi |
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# Don't do anything if the bridge doesn't exist. |
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if ! ifconfig -l | grep "${bridge}" >/dev/null; then |
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exit |
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fi |
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# Add/remove vif to/from bridge. |
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ifconfig x${vif} $OP |
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brconfig ${bridge} ${brcmd} x${vif} |
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Now, running |
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xm create -c /usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd |
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should create a domain and load a NetBSD kernel in it. (Note: `-c` |
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causes xm to connect to the domain's console once created.) The kernel |
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will try to find its root file system on xbd0 (i.e., wd0e) which hasn't |
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been created yet. wd0e will be seen as a disk device in the new domain, |
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so it will be 'sub-partitioned'. We could attach a ccd to wd0e in |
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*domain0* and partition it, newfs and extract the NetBSD/i386 or amd64 |
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tarballs there, but there's an easier way: load the |
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`netbsd-INSTALL_XEN3_DOMU` kernel provided in the NetBSD binary sets. |
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Like other install kernels, it contains a ramdisk with sysinst, so you |
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can install NetBSD using sysinst on your new domain. |
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If you want to install NetBSD/Xen with a CDROM image, the following line |
Alternatively, if you want to install NetBSD/Xen with a CDROM image, the following |
should be used in the `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd` file: |
line should be used in the config file. |
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disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w', 'phy:/dev/cd0a,0x2,r' ] |
disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w', 'phy:/dev/cd0a,0x2,r' ] |
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After booting the domain, the option to install via CDROM may be |
After booting the domain, the option to install via CDROM may be |
selected. The CDROM device should be changed to `xbd1d`. |
selected. The CDROM device should be changed to `xbd1d`. |
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Once done installing, `halt -p` the new domain (don't reboot or halt, it |
Once done installing, "halt -p" the new domain (don't reboot or halt, |
would reload the INSTALL\_XEN3\_DOMU kernel even if you changed the |
it would reload the INSTALL_XEN3_DOMU kernel even if you changed the |
config file), switch the config file back to the XEN3\_DOMU kernel, and |
config file), switch the config file back to the XEN3_DOMU kernel, |
start the new domain again. Now it should be able to use `root on xbd0a` |
and start the new domain again. Now it should be able to use "root on |
and you should have a second, functional NetBSD system on your xen |
xbd0a" and you should have a, functional NetBSD domU. |
installation. |
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TODO: check if this is still accurate. |
When the new domain is booting you'll see some warnings about *wscons* |
When the new domain is booting you'll see some warnings about *wscons* |
and the pseudo-terminals. These can be fixed by editing the files |
and the pseudo-terminals. These can be fixed by editing the files |
`/etc/ttys` and `/etc/wscons.conf`. You must disable all terminals in |
`/etc/ttys` and `/etc/wscons.conf`. You must disable all terminals in |
Line 852 Finally, all screens must be commented o
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Line 692 Finally, all screens must be commented o
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It is also desirable to add |
It is also desirable to add |
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powerd=YES |
powerd=YES |
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in rc.conf. This way, the domain will be properly shut down if |
in rc.conf. This way, the domain will be properly shut down if |
`xm shutdown -R` or `xm shutdown -H` is used on the domain0. |
`xm shutdown -R` or `xm shutdown -H` is used on the domain0. |
Line 871 the example below)
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Line 711 the example below)
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disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w' ] |
disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x1,w' ] |
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does matter to Linux. It wants a Linux device number here (e.g. 0x300 |
does matter to Linux. It wants a Linux device number here (e.g. 0x300 |
for hda). Linux builds device numbers as: (major \<\< 8 + minor). So, |
for hda). Linux builds device numbers as: (major \<\< 8 + minor). |
hda1 which has major 3 and minor 1 on a Linux system will have device |
So, hda1 which has major 3 and minor 1 on a Linux system will have |
number 0x301. Alternatively, devices names can be used (hda, hdb, ...) |
device number 0x301. Alternatively, devices names can be used (hda, |
as xentools has a table to map these names to devices numbers. To export |
hdb, ...) as xentools has a table to map these names to devices |
a partition to a Linux guest we can use: |
numbers. To export a partition to a Linux guest we can use: |
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disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x300,w' ] |
disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0e,0x300,w' ] |
root = "/dev/hda1 ro" |
root = "/dev/hda1 ro" |
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and it will appear as /dev/hda on the Linux system, and be used as root |
and it will appear as /dev/hda on the Linux system, and be used as root |
partition. |
partition. |
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To install the Linux system on the partition to be exported to the guest |
To install the Linux system on the partition to be exported to the |
domain, the following method can be used: install sysutils/e2fsprogs |
guest domain, the following method can be used: install |
from pkgsrc. Use mke2fs to format the partition that will be the root |
sysutils/e2fsprogs from pkgsrc. Use mke2fs to format the partition |
partition of your Linux domain, and mount it. Then copy the files from a |
that will be the root partition of your Linux domain, and mount it. |
working Linux system, make adjustments in `/etc` (fstab, network |
Then copy the files from a working Linux system, make adjustments in |
config). It should also be possible to extract binary packages such as |
`/etc` (fstab, network config). It should also be possible to extract |
.rpm or .deb directly to the mounted partition using the appropriate |
binary packages such as .rpm or .deb directly to the mounted partition |
tool, possibly running under NetBSD's Linux emulation. Once the |
using the appropriate tool, possibly running under NetBSD's Linux |
filesystem has been populated, umount it. If desirable, the filesystem |
emulation. Once the filesystem has been populated, umount it. If |
can be converted to ext3 using tune2fs -j. It should now be possible to |
desirable, the filesystem can be converted to ext3 using tune2fs -j. |
boot the Linux guest domain, using one of the vmlinuz-\*-xenU kernels |
It should now be possible to boot the Linux guest domain, using one of |
available in the Xen binary distribution. |
the vmlinuz-\*-xenU kernels available in the Xen binary distribution. |
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To get the linux console right, you need to add: |
To get the linux console right, you need to add: |
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Line 906 tty to the xen console.
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Line 746 tty to the xen console.
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Creating an unprivileged Solaris domain (domU) |
Creating an unprivileged Solaris domain (domU) |
---------------------------------------------- |
---------------------------------------------- |
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Download an Opensolaris [release](http://opensolaris.org/os/downloads/) |
See possibly outdated |
or [development snapshot](http://genunix.org/) DVD image. Attach the DVD |
[Solaris domU instructions](/ports/xen/howto-solaris/). |
image to a MAN.VND.4 device. Copy the kernel and ramdisk filesystem |
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image to your dom0 filesystem. |
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dom0# mkdir /root/solaris |
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dom0# vnconfig vnd0 osol-1002-124-x86.iso |
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dom0# mount /dev/vnd0a /mnt |
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## for a 64-bit guest |
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dom0# cp /mnt/boot/amd64/x86.microroot /root/solaris |
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dom0# cp /mnt/platform/i86xpv/kernel/amd64/unix /root/solaris |
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## for a 32-bit guest |
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dom0# cp /mnt/boot/x86.microroot /root/solaris |
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dom0# cp /mnt/platform/i86xpv/kernel/unix /root/solaris |
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dom0# umount /mnt |
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Keep the MAN.VND.4 configured. For some reason the boot process stalls |
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unless the DVD image is attached to the guest as a "phy" device. Create |
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an initial configuration file with the following contents. Substitute |
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*/dev/wd0k* with an empty partition at least 8 GB large. |
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memory = 640 |
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name = 'solaris' |
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disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0k,0,w' ] |
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disk += [ 'phy:/dev/vnd0d,6:cdrom,r' ] |
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vif = [ 'bridge=bridge0' ] |
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kernel = '/root/solaris/unix' |
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ramdisk = '/root/solaris/x86.microroot' |
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# for a 64-bit guest |
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extra = '/platform/i86xpv/kernel/amd64/unix - nowin -B install_media=cdrom' |
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# for a 32-bit guest |
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#extra = '/platform/i86xpv/kernel/unix - nowin -B install_media=cdrom' |
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Start the guest. |
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dom0# xm create -c solaris.cfg |
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Started domain solaris |
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v3.3.2 chgset 'unavailable' |
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SunOS Release 5.11 Version snv_124 64-bit |
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Copyright 1983-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. |
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Use is subject to license terms. |
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Hostname: opensolaris |
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Remounting root read/write |
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Probing for device nodes ... |
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WARNING: emlxs: ddi_modopen drv/fct failed: err 2 |
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Preparing live image for use |
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Done mounting Live image |
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Make sure the network is configured. Note that it can take a minute for |
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the xnf0 interface to appear. |
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opensolaris console login: jack |
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Password: jack |
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Sun Microsystems Inc. SunOS 5.11 snv_124 November 2008 |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ pfexec sh |
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sh-3.2# ifconfig -a |
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sh-3.2# exit |
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Set a password for VNC and start the VNC server which provides the X11 |
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display where the installation program runs. |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ vncpasswd |
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Password: solaris |
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Verify: solaris |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ cp .Xclients .vnc/xstartup |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ vncserver :1 |
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From a remote machine connect to the VNC server. Use `ifconfig xnf0` on |
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the guest to find the correct IP address to use. |
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remote$ vncviewer 172.18.2.99:1 |
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It is also possible to launch the installation on a remote X11 display. |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ export DISPLAY=172.18.1.1:0 |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ pfexec gui-install |
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After the GUI installation is complete you will be asked to reboot. |
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Before that you need to determine the ZFS ID for the new boot filesystem |
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and update the configuration file accordingly. Return to the guest |
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console. |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ pfexec zdb -vvv rpool | grep bootfs |
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bootfs = 43 |
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^C |
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jack@opensolaris:~$ |
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The final configuration file should look like this. Note in particular |
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the last line. |
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memory = 640 |
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name = 'solaris' |
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disk = [ 'phy:/dev/wd0k,0,w' ] |
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vif = [ 'bridge=bridge0' ] |
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kernel = '/root/solaris/unix' |
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ramdisk = '/root/solaris/x86.microroot' |
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extra = '/platform/i86xpv/kernel/amd64/unix -B zfs-bootfs=rpool/43,bootpath="/xpvd/xdf@0:a"' |
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Restart the guest to verify it works correctly. |
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dom0# xm destroy solaris |
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dom0# xm create -c solaris.cfg |
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Using config file "./solaris.cfg". |
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v3.3.2 chgset 'unavailable' |
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Started domain solaris |
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SunOS Release 5.11 Version snv_124 64-bit |
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Copyright 1983-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. |
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Use is subject to license terms. |
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WARNING: emlxs: ddi_modopen drv/fct failed: err 2 |
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Hostname: osol |
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Configuring devices. |
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Loading smf(5) service descriptions: 160/160 |
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svccfg import warnings. See /var/svc/log/system-manifest-import:default.log . |
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Reading ZFS config: done. |
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Mounting ZFS filesystems: (6/6) |
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Creating new rsa public/private host key pair |
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Creating new dsa public/private host key pair |
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osol console login: |
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Using PCI devices in guest domains |
Using PCI devices in guest domains |
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