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version 1.15, 2014/12/24 00:04:47 version 1.28, 2014/12/24 14:35:23
Line 27  code for Xen and need not be aware that  Line 27  code for Xen and need not be aware that 
 Attempts to access hardware registers are trapped and emulated.  This  Attempts to access hardware registers are trapped and emulated.  This
 style is less efficient but can run unmodified guests.  style is less efficient but can run unmodified guests.
   
 At boot, the dom0 kernel is loaded as module with Xen as the kernel.  Generally any amd64 machine will work with Xen and PV guests.  For
   HVM guests, the VT or VMX cpu feature (Intel) or SVM/HVM/VT (amd64)
   is needed; "cpuctl identify 0" will show this.  Xen 4.2 is the last
   version for support for using i386 as a host.  TODO: Clean up and
   check the above features.
   
   At boot, the dom0 kernel is loaded as a module with Xen as the kernel.
 The dom0 can start one or more domUs.  (Booting is explained in detail  The dom0 can start one or more domUs.  (Booting is explained in detail
 in the dom0 section.)  in the dom0 section.)
   
 NetBSD supports Xen in that it can serve as dom0, be used as a domU,  NetBSD supports Xen in that it can serve as dom0, be used as a domU,
 and that Xen kernels and tools are available in pkgsrc.  This HOWTO  and that Xen kernels and tools are available in pkgsrc.  This HOWTO
 attempts to address both the case of running a NetBSD dom0 on hardware  attempts to address both the case of running a NetBSD dom0 on hardware
 and running NetBSD as a domU in a VPS.  and running domUs under it (NetBSD and other), and also running NetBSD
   as a domU in a VPS.
   
   Some versions of Xen support "PCI passthrough", which means that
   specific PCI devices can be made available to a specific domU instead
   of the dom0.  This can be useful to let a domU run X11, or access some
   network interface or other peripheral.
   
 Prerequisites  Prerequisites
 -------------  -------------
Line 46  things must be done, guiding the reader  Line 58  things must be done, guiding the reader 
 path when there are no known good reasons to stray.  path when there are no known good reasons to stray.
   
 This HOWTO presumes a basic familiarity with the Xen system  This HOWTO presumes a basic familiarity with the Xen system
 architecture.  architecture.  This HOWTO presumes familiarity with installing NetBSD
   on i386/amd64 hardware and installing software from pkgsrc.
 This HOWTO presumes familiarity with installing NetBSD on i386/amd64  See also the [Xen website](http://www.xenproject.org/).
 hardware and installing software from pkgsrc.  
   History
 For more details on Xen, see [](http://www.xen.org/).  -------
   
   NetBSD used to support Xen2; this has been removed.
   
   Before NetBSD's native bootloader could support Xen, the use of
   grub was recommended.  If necessary, see the
   [old grub information](/ports/xen/howto-grub/).
   
 Versions of Xen and NetBSD  Versions of Xen and NetBSD
 ==========================  ==========================
   
 Most of the installation concepts and instructions are independent of  Most of the installation concepts and instructions are independent
 Xen version.  This section gives advice on which version to choose.  of Xen version and NetBSD version.  This section gives advice on
 Versions not in pkgsrc and older unsupported versions of NetBSD are  which version to choose.  Versions not in pkgsrc and older unsupported
 inentionally ignored.  versions of NetBSD are intentionally ignored.
   
 Xen  Xen
 ---  ---
Line 70  but note that both packages must be inst Line 88  but note that both packages must be inst
 matching versions.  matching versions.
   
 xenkernel3 and xenkernel33 provide Xen 3.1 and 3.3.  These no longer  xenkernel3 and xenkernel33 provide Xen 3.1 and 3.3.  These no longer
 receive security patches and should not be used.  receive security patches and should not be used.  Xen 3.1 supports PCI
   passthrough.
   
 xenkernel41 provides Xen 4.1.  This is no longer maintained by Xen,  xenkernel41 provides Xen 4.1.  This is no longer maintained by Xen,
 but as of 2014-12 receives backported security patches.  It is a  but as of 2014-12 receives backported security patches.  It is a
Line 81  of 2014-12. Line 100  of 2014-12.
   
 Ideally newer versions of Xen will be added to pkgsrc.  Ideally newer versions of Xen will be added to pkgsrc.
   
   Note that NetBSD support is called XEN3.  It works with 3.1 through
   4.2 because the hypercall interface has been stable.
   
   Xen command program
   -------------------
   
   Early Xen used a program called "xm" to manipulate the system from the
   dom0.  Starting in 4.1, a replacement program with similar behavior
   called "xl" is provided.  In 4.2 and later, "xl" is preferred.  4.4 is
   the last version that has "xm".
   
 NetBSD  NetBSD
 ------  ------
   
Line 94  no SMP support for NetBSD as dom0.  (The Line 124  no SMP support for NetBSD as dom0.  (The
 need SMP; the lack of support is really a problem when using a dom0 as  need SMP; the lack of support is really a problem when using a dom0 as
 a normal computer.)  a normal computer.)
   
   Architecture
   ------------
   
   Xen is basically amd64 only at this point.  One can either run i386
   domains or amd64 domains.  If running i386, PAE versions are required,
   for both dom0 and domU.  These versions are built by default in NetBSD
   releases.  While i386 dom0 works fine, amd64 is recommended as more
   normal.  (Note that emacs (at least) fails if run on i386 with PAE when
   built without, and vice versa, presumably due to bugs in the undump
   code.)
   
 Recommendation  Recommendation
 --------------  --------------
   
 Therefore, this HOWTO recommends running xenkernel42 (and xentools42)  Therefore, this HOWTO recommends running xenkernel42 (and xentools42),
 and NetBSD 6 stable branch.  xl, the NetBSD 6 stable branch, and to use amd64 as the dom0.  Either
   the i386 or amd64 of NetBSD may be used as domUs.
   
 NetBSD as a dom0  NetBSD as a dom0
 ================  ================
   
 NetBSD can be used as a dom0 and works very well.  The following  NetBSD can be used as a dom0 and works very well.  The following
 sections address installation, updating NetBSD, and updating Xen.  sections address installation, updating NetBSD, and updating Xen.
   Note that it doesn't make sense to talk about installing a dom0 OS
   without also installing Xen itself.  We first address installing
   NetBSD, which is not yet a dom0, and then adding Xen, pivoting the
   NetBSD install to a dom0 install by just changing the kernel and boot
   configuration.
   
 Styles of dom0 operation  Styles of dom0 operation
 ------------------------  ------------------------
Line 127  Xen daemons when not running Xen. Line 174  Xen daemons when not running Xen.
 Note that NetBSD as dom0 does not support multiple CPUs.  This will  Note that NetBSD as dom0 does not support multiple CPUs.  This will
 limit the performance of the Xen/dom0 workstation approach.  limit the performance of the Xen/dom0 workstation approach.
   
 Installation of NetBSD and Xen  Installation of NetBSD
 ------------------------------  ----------------------
   
 Note that it doesn't make sense to talk about installing a dom0 OS  
 without also installing Xen itself.  
   
 First do a NetBSD/i386 or NetBSD/amd64  
 [installation](../../docs/guide/en/chap-inst.html) of the 5.1 release  
 (or newer) as you usually do on x86 hardware. The binary releases are  
 available from [](ftp://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/). Binary snapshots  
 for current and the stable branches are available on daily autobuilds.  
 If you plan to use the `grub` boot loader, when partitioning the disk  
 you have to make the root partition smaller than 512Mb, and formatted as  
 FFSv1 with 8k block/1k fragments. If the partition is larger than this,  
 uses FFSv2 or has different block/fragment sizes, grub may fail to load  
 some files. Also keep in mind that you'll probably want to provide  
 virtual disks to other domains, so reserve some partitions for these  
 virtual disks. Alternatively, you can create large files in the file  
 system, map them to vnd(4) devices and export theses vnd devices to  
 other domains.  
   
 Next step is to install the Xen packages via pkgsrc or from binary  
 packages. See [the pkgsrc  
 documentation](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/) if you are unfamiliar  
 with pkgsrc and/or handling of binary packages. Xen 3.1, 3.3, 4.1 and  
 4.2 are available. 3.1 supports PCI pass-through while other versions do  
 not. You'll need either `sysutils/xentools3` and `sysutils/xenkernel3`  
 for Xen 3.1, `sysutils/xentools33` and `sysutils/xenkernel33` for Xen  
 3.3, `sysutils/xentools41` and `sysutils/xenkernel41` for Xen 4.1. or  
 `sysutils/xentools42` and `sysutils/xenkernel42` for Xen 4.2. You'll  
 also need `sysutils/grub` if you plan do use the grub boot loader. If  
 using Xen 3.1, you may also want to install `sysutils/xentools3-hvm`  
 which contains the utilities to run unmodified guests OSes using the  
 *HVM* support (for later versions this is included in  
 `sysutils/xentools`). Note that your CPU needs to support this. Intel  
 CPUs must have the 'VT' instruction, AMD CPUs the 'SVM' instruction. You  
 can easily find out if your CPU support HVM by using NetBSD's cpuctl  
 command:  
   
     # cpuctl identify 0  
     cpu0: Intel Core 2 (Merom) (686-class), id 0x6f6  
     cpu0: features 0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR>  
     cpu0: features 0xbfebfbff<PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,DS,ACPI,MMX>  
     cpu0: features 0xbfebfbff<FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,SBF>  
     cpu0: features2 0x4e33d<SSE3,DTES64,MONITOR,DS-CPL,,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,DCA>  
     cpu0: features3 0x20100800<SYSCALL/SYSRET,XD,EM64T>  
     cpu0: "Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU            5130  @ 2.00GHz"  
     cpu0: I-cache 32KB 64B/line 8-way, D-cache 32KB 64B/line 8-way  
     cpu0: L2 cache 4MB 64B/line 16-way  
     cpu0: ITLB 128 4KB entries 4-way  
     cpu0: DTLB 256 4KB entries 4-way, 32 4MB entries 4-way  
     cpu0: Initial APIC ID 0  
     cpu0: Cluster/Package ID 0  
     cpu0: Core ID 0  
     cpu0: family 06 model 0f extfamily 00 extmodel 00  
   
 Depending on your CPU, the feature you are looking for is called HVM,  
 SVM or VMX.  
   
 Next you need to copy the selected Xen kernel itself. pkgsrc installed  
 them under `/usr/pkg/xen*-kernel/`. The file you're looking for is  
 `xen.gz`. Copy it to your root file system. `xen-debug.gz` is a kernel  
 with more consistency checks and more details printed on the serial  
 console. It is useful for debugging crashing guests if you use a serial  
 console. It is not useful with a VGA console.  
   
 You'll then need a NetBSD/Xen kernel for *domain0* on your root file  
 system. The XEN3PAE\_DOM0 kernel or XEN3\_DOM0 provided as part of the  
 i386 or amd64 binaries is suitable for this, but you may want to  
 customize it. Keep your native kernel around, as it can be useful for  
 recovery. *Note:* the *domain0* kernel must support KERNFS and `/kern`  
 must be mounted because *xend* needs access to `/kern/xen/privcmd`.  
   
 Next you need to get a bootloader to load the `xen.gz` kernel, and the  
 NetBSD *domain0* kernel as a module. This can be `grub` or NetBSD's boot  
 loader. Below is a detailled example for grub, see the boot.cfg(5)  
 manual page for an example using the latter.  
   
 This is also where you'll specify the memory allocated to *domain0*, the  
 console to use, etc ...  
   
 Here is a commented `/grub/menu.lst` file:  
   
     #Grub config file for NetBSD/xen. Copy as /grub/menu.lst and run  
     # grub-install /dev/rwd0d (assuming your boot device is wd0).  
     #  
     # The default entry to load will be the first one  
     default=0  
   
     # boot the default entry after 10s if the user didn't hit keyboard  
     timeout=10  
   
     # Configure serial port to use as console. Ignore if you'll use VGA only  
     serial --unit=0 --speed=115200 --word=8 --parity=no --stop=1  
   
     # Let the user select which console to use (serial or VGA), default  
     # to serial after 10s  
     terminal --timeout=10 serial console  
   
     # An entry for NetBSD/xen, using /netbsd as the domain0 kernel, and serial  
     # console. Domain0 will have 64MB RAM allocated.  
     # Assume NetBSD is installed in the first MBR partition.  
     title Xen 3 / NetBSD (hda0, serial)  
       root(hd0,0)  
       kernel (hd0,a)/xen.gz dom0_mem=65536 com1=115200,8n1  
       module (hd0,a)/netbsd bootdev=wd0a ro console=ttyS0  
   
     # Same as above, but using VGA console  
     # We can use console=tty0 (Linux syntax) or console=pc (NetBSD syntax)  
     title Xen 3 / NetBSD (hda0, vga)  
       root(hd0,0)  
       kernel (hd0,a)/xen.gz dom0_mem=65536  
       module (hd0,a)/netbsd bootdev=wd0a ro console=tty0  
   
     # NetBSD/xen using a backup domain0 kernel (in case you installed a  
     # nonworking kernel as /netbsd  
     title Xen 3 / NetBSD (hda0, backup, serial)  
       root(hd0,0)  
       kernel (hd0,a)/xen.gz dom0_mem=65536 com1=115200,8n1  
       module (hd0,a)/netbsd.backup bootdev=wd0a ro console=ttyS0  
     title Xen 3 / NetBSD (hda0, backup, VGA)  
       root(hd0,0)  
       kernel (hd0,a)/xen.gz dom0_mem=65536  
       module (hd0,a)/netbsd.backup bootdev=wd0a ro console=tty0  
   
     #Load a regular NetBSD/i386 kernel. Can be useful if you end up with a  
     #nonworking /xen.gz  
     title NetBSD 5.1  
       root (hd0,a)  
       kernel --type=netbsd /netbsd-GENERIC  
   
     #Load the NetBSD bootloader, letting it load the NetBSD/i386 kernel.  
     #May be better than the above, as grub can't pass all required infos  
     #to the NetBSD/i386 kernel (e.g. console, root device, ...)  
     title NetBSD chain  
       root        (hd0,0)  
       chainloader +1  
   
     ## end of grub config file.  
             
   
 Install grub with the following command:  
   
     # grub --no-floppy  
   
     grub> root (hd0,a)  First,
      Filesystem type is ffs, partition type 0xa9  [install NetBSD/amd64](/guide/inst/)
   just as you would if you were not using Xen.
     grub> setup (hd0)  However, the partitioning approach is very important.
      Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no  
      Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... yes  If you want to use RAIDframe for the dom0, there are no special issues
      Checking if "/grub/stage2" exists... yes  for Xen.  Typically one provides RAID storage for the dom0, and the
      Checking if "/grub/ffs_stage1_5" exists... yes  domU systems are unaware of RAID.  The 2nd-stage loader bootxx_* skips
      Running "embed /grub/ffs_stage1_5 (hd0)"...  14 sectors are embedded.  over a RAID1 header to find /boot from a filesystem within a RAID
     succeeded  partition; this is no different when booting Xen.
      Running "install /grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+14 p (hd0,0,a)/grub/stage2 /grub/menu.lst"...  
      succeeded  There are 4 styles of providing backing storage for the virtual disks
     Done.  used by domUs: raw partitions, LVM, file-backed vnd(4), and SAN,
             
   With raw partitions, one has a disklabel (or gpt) partition sized for
   each virtual disk to be used by the domU.  (If you are able to predict
   how domU usage will evolve, please add an explanation to the HOWTO.
   Seriously, needs tend to change over time.)
   
   One can use [lvm(8)](/guide/lvm/) to create logical devices to use
   for domU disks.  This is almost as efficient as raw disk partitions
   and more flexible.  Hence raw disk partitions should typically not
   be used.
   
   One can use files in the dom0 filesystem, typically created by dd'ing
   /dev/zero to create a specific size.  This is somewhat less efficient,
   but very convenient, as one can cp the files for backup, or move them
   between dom0 hosts.
   
   Finally, in theory one can place the files backing the domU disks in a
   SAN.  (This is an invitation for someone who has done this to add a
   HOWTO page.)
   
   Installation of Xen
   -------------------
   
   In the dom0, install sysutils/xenkernel42 and sysutils/xentools42 from
   pkgsrc (or another matching pair).
   See [the pkgsrc
   documentation](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/pkgsrc/) for help with pkgsrc.
   
   For Xen 3.1, support for HVM guests is in sysutils/xentool3-hvm.  More
   recent versions have HVM support integrated in the main xentools
   package.  It is entirely reasonable to run only PV guests.
   
   Next you need to install the selected Xen kernel itself, which is
   installed by pkgsrc as "/usr/pkg/xen*-kernel/xen.gz".  Copy it to /.
   For debugging, one may copy xen-debug.gz; this is conceptually similar
   to DIAGNOSTIC and DEBUG in NetBSD.  xen-debug.gz is basically only
   useful with a serial console.  Then, place a NetBSD XEN3_DOM0 kernel
   in /, copied from releasedir/amd64/binary/kernel/netbsd-XEN3_DOM0.gz
   of a NetBSD build.  Both xen and NetBSD may be left compressed.  (If
   using i386, use releasedir/i386/binary/kernel/netbsd-XEN3PAE_DOM0.gz.)
   
   In a dom0 kernel, kernfs is mandatory for xend to comunicate with the
   kernel, so ensure that /kern is in fstab.
   
   Because you already installed NetBSD, you have a working boot setup
   with an MBR bootblock, either bootxx_ffsv1 or bootxx_ffsv2 at the
   beginning of your root filesystem, /boot present, and likely
   /boot.cfg.  (If not, fix before continuing!)
   
   See boot.cfg(5) for an example.  The basic line is
   
   "menu=Xen:load /netbsd-XEN3_DOM0.gz console=pc;multiboot /xen.gz dom0_mem=256M"
   
   which specifies that the dom0 should have 256M, leaving the rest to be
   allocated for domUs.
   
   As with non-Xen systems, you should have a line to boot /netbsd (a
   kernel that works without Xen) and fallback versions of the non-Xen
   kernel, Xen, and the dom0 kernel.
   
   The [HowTo on Installing into
   RAID-1](http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-xen/2006/03/01/0010.html)
   explains how to set up booting a dom0 with Xen using grub with
   NetBSD's RAIDframe.  (This is obsolete with the use of NetBSD's native
   boot.)
   
   Configuring Xen
   ---------------
   
   Now, you have a system that will boot Xen and the dom0 kernel, and
   just run the dom0 kernel.  There will be no domUs, and none can be
   started because you still have to configure the dom0 tools.
   
   For 3.3 (and probably 3.1), add to rc.conf (but note that you should
   have installed 4.2):
     xend=YES
     xenbackendd=YES
   
   For 4.1 and 4.2, add to rc.conf:
     xend=YES
     xencommons=YES
   
   Note that xend is for supporting "xm", and should only be used if
   you plan on using "xm".  Do NOT enable xend if you plan on using
   "xl" as it will cause problems.
   
 Updating NetBSD in a dom0  Updating NetBSD in a dom0
 -------------------------  -------------------------
Line 298  and adjusts /etc. Line 287  and adjusts /etc.
 Note that one must update both the non-Xen kernel typically used for  Note that one must update both the non-Xen kernel typically used for
 rescue purposes and the DOM0 kernel used with Xen.  rescue purposes and the DOM0 kernel used with Xen.
   
   To convert from grub to /boot, install an mbr bootblock with fdisk,
   bootxx_ with installboot, /boot and /boot.cfg.  This really should be
   no different than completely reinstalling boot blocks on a non-Xen
   system.
   
 Updating Xen versions  Updating Xen versions
 ---------------------  ---------------------
   
 TODO: write  Updating Xen is conceptually not difficult, but can run into all the
   issues found when installing Xen.  Assuming migration from 4.1 to 4.2,
   remove the xenkernel41 and xentools41 packages and install the
   xenkernel42 and xentools42 packages.  Copy the 4.2 xen.gz to /.
   
   Ensure that the contents of /etc/rc.d/xen* are correct.  Enable the
   correct set of daemons.  Ensure that the domU config files are valid
   for the new version.
   
   
 Creating unprivileged domains (domU)  Unprivileged domains (domU)
 ====================================  ===========================
   
   This section describes general concepts about domUs.  It does not
   address specific domU operating systems or how to install them.
   
   Provided Resources for PV domains
   ---------------------------------
   
   TODO: Explain that domUs get cpu, memory, disk and network.
   Explain that randomness can be an issue.
   
   Virtual disks
   -------------
   
   TODO: Explain how to set up files for vnd and that one should write all zeros to preallocate.
   TODO: Explain in what NetBSD versions sparse vnd files do and don't work.
   
   Virtual Networking
   ------------------
   
   TODO: explain xvif concept, and that it's general.
   
   There are two normal styles: bridging and NAT.
   
   With bridging, the domU perceives itself to be on the same network as
   the dom0.  For server virtualization, this is usually best.
   
   With NAT, the domU perceives itself to be behind a NAT running on the
   dom0.  This is often appropriate when running Xen on a workstation.
   
   One can construct arbitrary other configurations, but there is no
   script support.
   
   Config files
   ------------
   
   TODO: give example config files.   Use both lvm and vnd.
   
   TODO: explain the mess with 3 arguments for disks and how to cope (0x1).
   
   Starting domains
   ----------------
   
   TODO: Explain "xm start" and "xl start".  Explain rc.d/xendomains.
   
   TODO: Explain why 4.1 rc.d/xendomains has xl, when one should use xm
   on 4.1.
   
   Creating specific unprivileged domains (domU)
   =============================================
   
 Creating domUs is almost entirely independent of operating system.  We  Creating domUs is almost entirely independent of operating system.  We
 first explain NetBSD, and then differences for Linux and Solaris.  first explain NetBSD, and then differences for Linux and Solaris.
Line 335  PKG\_SYSCONFDIR for its parameters. By d Line 386  PKG\_SYSCONFDIR for its parameters. By d
 will be executed in the new domain (this kernel is in the *domain0* file  will be executed in the new domain (this kernel is in the *domain0* file
 system, not on the new domain virtual disk; but please note, you should  system, not on the new domain virtual disk; but please note, you should
 install the same kernel into *domainU* as `/netbsd` in order to make  install the same kernel into *domainU* as `/netbsd` in order to make
 your system tools, like MAN.SAVECORE.8, work). A suitable kernel is  your system tools, like savecore(8), work). A suitable kernel is
 provided as part of the i386 and amd64 binary sets: XEN3\_DOMU.  provided as part of the i386 and amd64 binary sets: XEN3\_DOMU.
   
 Here is an /usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd example config file:  Here is an /usr/pkg/etc/xen/nbsd example config file:
Line 445  like this: Line 496  like this:
     !brconfig $int add ex0 up      !brconfig $int add ex0 up
   
 (replace `ex0` with the name of your physical interface). Then bridge0  (replace `ex0` with the name of your physical interface). Then bridge0
 will be created on boot. See the MAN.BRIDGE.4 man page for details.  will be created on boot. See the bridge(4) man page for details.
   
 So, here is a suitable `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge` for xvif?.? (a  So, here is a suitable `/usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge` for xvif?.? (a
 working vif-bridge is also provided with xentools20) configuring:  working vif-bridge is also provided with xentools20) configuring:
   
     #!/bin/sh      #!/bin/sh
     #============================================================================      #============================================================================
     # $NetBSD: howto.mdwn,v 1.14 2014/12/23 23:43:27 gdt Exp $      # $NetBSD: howto.mdwn,v 1.27 2014/12/24 08:32:49 jnemeth Exp $
     #      #
     # /usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge      # /usr/pkg/etc/xen/vif-bridge
     #      #
Line 829  to use PCI devices in a domU. Here's a k Line 880  to use PCI devices in a domU. Here's a k
     sd*     at scsibus? target ? lun ?      # SCSI disk drives      sd*     at scsibus? target ? lun ?      # SCSI disk drives
     cd*     at scsibus? target ? lun ?      # SCSI CD-ROM drives      cd*     at scsibus? target ? lun ?      # SCSI CD-ROM drives
   
 Links and further information  
 =============================  
   
 -   The [HowTo on Installing into RAID-1](http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-xen/2006/03/01/0010.html)  NetBSD as a domU in a VPS
     explains how to set up booting a dom0 with Xen using grub   =========================
     with NetBSD's RAIDframe.  (This is obsolete with the use of  
     NetBSD's native boot.)  The bulk of the HOWTO is about using NetBSD as a dom0 on your own
 -   An example of how to use NetBSD's native bootloader to load  hardware.  This section explains how to deal with Xen in a domU as a
     NetBSD/Xen instead of Grub can be found in the i386/amd64 boot(8)  virtual private server where you do not control or have access to the
     and boot.cfg(5) manpages.  dom0.
   
   TODO: Perhaps reference panix, prmgr, amazon as interesting examples.
   
   TODO: Somewhere, discuss pvgrub and py-grub to load the domU kernel
   from the domU filesystem.
Removed from v.1.15  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.28

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