Annotation of wikisrc/ports/sandpoint/instnh23x.mdwn, revision 1.5
1.1 mspo 1: Introduction
2: ============
3:
4: This document describes in depth how to prepare your NH-230/231 NAS for
1.2 phx 5: installing NetBSD/sandpoint. Models based on the NH-230 have an ITE PATA
1.1 mspo 6: controller while those based on the NH-231 have a SiliconImage SataLink
7: SATA controller. The following models are known to be compatible:
8:
9: - Allnet 6250 (PATA)
10: - Allnet 6260 (SATA)
11: - Encore ENNHD-1000 (PATA)
12: - Fujitsu-Siemens AMS150 (SATA)
13: - Fujitsu-Siemens SBLAN2 (SATA)
14: - Lindy NAS Personal Server Premium, IDE (PATA)
15: - Lindy NAS Personal Server Premium, SATA (SATA)
16: - Longshine LCS-8311 (SATA)
17: - Netronix NH-230 (PATA)
18: - Netronix NH-231 (SATA)
19: - Planex NAS-01G (PATA)
20: - SinanPower GigaBit LAN NAS-349 (SATA)
21: - Vibe NS-349-S (SATA)
22:
23: The hardware shown in these instructions is an Allnet 6250.
24:
25: Accessing the serial interface
26: ==============================
27:
28: We need a serial console to get access to the firmware. Therefore you
29: have to open the case and connect a serial adapter, which converts the
30: NH-230/231 TTL levels to RS232 levels. You will also have to make a plug
31: for the 4-pin serial header on the board.
32:
33: Locate the serial port
34: ----------------------
35:
36: Look out for a 4-pin header, which is labeled `J6` on an Allnet 6250
37: board.
38:
39: <table>
40: <tbody>
41: <tr class="odd">
42: <td align="left"><table>
43: <tbody>
44: <tr class="odd">
45: <td align="left"><strong>Pin number</strong></td>
46: <td align="left"><strong>Function</strong></td>
47: </tr>
48: <tr class="even">
49: <td align="left">1</td>
50: <td align="left">3.3V</td>
51: </tr>
52: <tr class="odd">
53: <td align="left">2</td>
54: <td align="left">TXD</td>
55: </tr>
56: <tr class="even">
57: <td align="left">3</td>
58: <td align="left">RXD</td>
59: </tr>
60: <tr class="odd">
61: <td align="left">4</td>
62: <td align="left">GND</td>
63: </tr>
64: </tbody>
65: </table></td>
1.4 phx 66: <td align="left"><img src="http://www.NetBSD.org/images/ports/sandpoint/nhnas_ser_header.jpg" alt="Serial port header" /></td>
1.1 mspo 67: </tr>
68: </tbody>
69: </table>
70:
71: Connect a serial terminal via a converter
72: -----------------------------------------
73:
74: The serial port on the NH-230/231 compatibles is using 3.3V TTL levels,
75: which have to be converted into regular RS232 levels by a level shifter
76: circuit. Instructions how to build such a circuit yourself can be found
77: here:
78:
1.4 phx 79: - [Serial adapter for 3.3V TTL](http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/sandpoint/ttl2rs232.html)
1.1 mspo 80:
81: Make sure that the layout of the connector fits to the pinout of the
82: boards serial header, as shown above.
83:
84: Another option is to buy such a converter. There are solutions for a
85: standard RS232 interface and for an USB interface. Look out for:
86:
87: - RS232 level shifter / breakout board (MAX3232 based)
88: - USB to TLL serial level shifter / breakout board (FT232 based)
89:
90: Now you can connect with any terminal program to the NH-230/231 serial
1.2 phx 91: console. The easiest approach may be to use NetBSD's `tip(1)` command to
1.1 mspo 92: make a direct console connection at 9600bps.
93:
94: # tip console
95:
96: Note that when using a serial connection via USB you may have to make an
97: entry for `/dev/ttyU0` in `/etc/remote`.
98:
99: First time installation
100: =======================
101:
1.4 phx 102: <a name="altboot"></a>
1.1 mspo 103: The altboot bootloader
104: ----------------------
105:
106: The `altboot(8)` utility functions as a bridge between the PPCBoot
1.2 phx 107: firmware and the NetBSD kernel startup environment. NAS firmware often
1.1 mspo 108: provides no means to boot a kernel from disk or from the network and
109: doesn't initialize all hardware correctly. We will also use it to pass a
110: bootinfo list to the kernel.
111:
112: The `altboot` boot loader has to be loaded and started using the
113: NH-230/231 firmware, which is `PPCBoot 2.0.0-A9`.
114:
115: PPCBoot 2.0.0-A9 (Feb 13 2006 - 14:56:11)
116:
117: CPU: MPC8241 Revision 1.4 at 266.666 MHz: 16 kB I-Cache 16 kB D-Cache
118: Board: Sandpoint 8241 Unity ##Test not implemented yet##
119: DRAM: 64 MB
120: FLASH: Manufacturer code: 0xEC, Device code: 0xA2 : 4 MB
121: In: serial
122: Out: serial
123: Err: serial
124: EPIC: reset is in process ....doneNet:
125: RTL8169S driver v1.5-A4 03-15-2005
126: RTL8169#0
127: Press space to abort autoboot in 3 second
128:
129: The functionality of this NH-230/231 PPCBoot version is restricted.
130: Probably to keep it small and to save space for a Linux kernel and
131: ramdisk in the 4MB Flash, but also to keep the user from hacking it. It
132: only allows to overwrite four predefined regions of the flash with
1.4 phx 133: special **load** commands, and the lack of a **cp** command leaves us with
1.1 mspo 134: the only option to boot `altboot(8)` as a Linux kernel image through
1.4 phx 135: **bootm**.
1.1 mspo 136:
137: Getting altboot into RAM
138: ------------------------
139:
140: The `altboot` boot loader has to be loaded and started using PPCBoot.
141: Usually there are three ways to invoke it:
142:
1.4 phx 143: - **loadb** to load a binary file via serial line in kermit mode
144: - **tftpboot** to load a binary file over the network with TFTP protocol
1.1 mspo 145: - start it from the flash memory
146:
147: The last option is prefered once the installation is completed, but
148: obviously it is not possible for the first time boot. Fortunately
149: PPCBoot has set up the network interface, which we can use after
150: configuring the `ipaddr` and `serverip` environment variables:
151:
1.4 phx 152: <pre>
153: _MPC824X > <strong>setenv ipaddr 192.168.0.107</strong>
154: _MPC824X > <strong>setenv serverip 192.168.0.5</strong>
155: _MPC824X > <strong>savenv</strong>
156: Saving Environment to Flash...
157: unProtect FFC00000 ... FFC01FFF
158: Un-Protected 1 sectors
159: Erasing Flash...
160: . done
161: Erased 1 sectors
162: Writing to Flash... done
163: Protected 1 sectors
164: </pre>
1.1 mspo 165:
166: Once you have set up TFTP and DHCP ([read below](#altboot_install)) you
167: can download `altboot` into RAM at `0x1000000` like this:
168:
1.4 phx 169: <pre>
170: _MPC824X > <strong>tftp 1000000 altboot.bin</strong>
171: TFTP from server 192.168.0.5; our IP address is 192.168.0.107
172: Filename 'altboot.bin'.
173: Load address: 0x1000000
174: Loading: ################
175: done
176: Bytes transferred = 76884 (12c54 hex)
177: </pre>
1.1 mspo 178:
1.4 phx 179: <a name="altboot_install"></a>
1.1 mspo 180: Boot the INSTALL kernel with altboot
181: ------------------------------------
182:
183: Now you can use `altboot` to launch the `netbsd-INSTALL` kernel for
1.2 phx 184: installing NetBSD. You may choose to load it with TFTP or from NFS. For TFTP
1.1 mspo 185: you have to enable `tftpd(8)` in `/etc/inetd.conf`, and for NFS there is
186: a documentation at [The Network File
1.4 phx 187: System](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-net-services.html#chap-net-services-nfs).
1.1 mspo 188: But in both cases you have to set up a DHCP server, which is explained
1.4 phx 189: in the [DHCP Howto](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/dhcp.html). An
1.1 mspo 190: appropriate `dhcpd.conf` entry could look like this:
191:
192: host nh-nas {
193: hardware ethernet 00:08:54:xx:xx:xx;
194: fixed-address 192.168.0.107;
195: next-server 192.168.0.5;
196: option root-path "/export/nh-nas/root";
197: }
198:
199: The `root-path` option is only needed when using NFS and should match
200: your exported NFS directory. Uncompress `netbsd-INSTALL.gz` from the
1.2 phx 201: NetBSD/sandpoint distribution and copy it into the NFS or TFTP directory.
1.1 mspo 202: Then start the DHCP, NFS or TFTP server and boot the installation kernel
203: from the firmware either with
204:
1.4 phx 205: <pre>
206: _MPC824X > <strong>go 1000000 tftp:netbsd-INSTALL</strong>
207: </pre>
1.1 mspo 208:
209: or from NFS:
210:
1.4 phx 211: <pre>
212: _MPC824X > <strong>go 1000000 nfs:netbsd-INSTALL</strong>
213: </pre>
1.1 mspo 214:
215: Our bootloader configures the hardware, determines the IP address, loads
216: the kernel via network and launches it:
217:
218: ## Starting application at 0x01000000 ...
219:
220: >> NetBSD/sandpoint altboot, revision 1.9 (Thu Apr 26 21:37:17 CEST 2012)
221: >> Netronix NH-230/231, cpu 264 MHz, bus 132 MHz, 64MB SDRAM
222: channel 0 present
223: wd0: <Maxtor 2B020H1> DMA LBA LBA48 19541 MB
224: wd0: no disklabel
225: MAC address 00:08:54:xx:xx:xx
226: 100Mbps-FDX
227: Hit any key to enter interactive mode: 0
228: loading "netbsd-INSTALL" 5365148+134572=0x53efd0
229: entry=0x90000, ssym=0x5ceb48, esym=0x5cefd0
230: Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
231: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012
232: The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
233: Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
234: The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
235:
236: NetBSD 6.0_BETA (INSTALL)
237: Model: nhnas
238: total memory = 65536 KB
239: avail memory = 57820 KB
240: OpenPIC Version 1.2: Supports 1 CPUs and 26 interrupt sources.
241: mainbus0 (root)
242: cpu0 at mainbus0: 8245 (Revision 0.4), ID 0 (primary)
243: cpu0: HID0 0x90c000<DOZE,DPM,ICE,DCE>, powersave: 1
244: cpu0: 264.00 MHz
245: eumb0 at mainbus0
246: com0 at eumb0 unit 0: ns16550a, working fifo
247: com0: console
248: com0: interrupting at irq 40
249: ociic0 at eumb0
250: iic0 at ociic0: I2C bus
251: pcf8563rtc0 at iic0 addr 0x51: NXP PCF8563 Real-time Clock
252: satmgr0 at eumb0 unit 1: button manager (not supported)
253: nhpow0 at mainbus0: NH230/231 gpio board control, version 1
254: nhpow0: interrupting at irq 20
255: gpio0 at nhpow0: 8 pins
256: cfi at mainbus0 not configured
257: pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0
258: pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0
259: pchb0: vendor 0x1057 product 0x0006 (rev. 0x14)
260: ohci0 at pci0 dev 14 function 0: vendor 0x1033 product 0x0035 (rev. 0x43)
261: ohci0: interrupting at irq 19
262: ohci0: OHCI version 1.0
263: usb0 at ohci0: USB revision 1.0
264: ohci1 at pci0 dev 14 function 1: vendor 0x1033 product 0x0035 (rev. 0x43)
265: ohci1: interrupting at irq 19
266: ohci1: OHCI version 1.0
267: usb1 at ohci1: USB revision 1.0
268: ehci0 at pci0 dev 14 function 2: vendor 0x1033 product 0x00e0 (rev. 0x04)
269: ehci0: interrupting at irq 19
270: ehci0: companion controllers, 3 ports each: ohci0 ohci1
271: usb2 at ehci0: USB revision 2.0
272: re0 at pci0 dev 15 function 0: RealTek 8169/8110 Gigabit Ethernet (rev. 0x10)
273: re0: interrupting at irq 17
274: re0: Ethernet address 00:08:54:xx:xx:xx
275: rgephy0 at re0 phy 7: RTL8169S/8110S/8211 1000BASE-T media interface, rev. 0
276: rgephy0: 10baseT, 10baseT-FDX, 100baseTX, 100baseTX-FDX, 1000baseT, 1000baseT-FDX, auto
277: iteide0 at pci0 dev 16 function 0: Integrated Technology Express IDE controller (rev. 0x11)
278: iteide0: using irq 18 for native-PCI interrupt
279: atabus0 at iteide0 channel 0
280: atabus1 at iteide0 channel 1
281: biomask 1c000000 netmask 1c000000 ttymask 1c000000
282: uhub0 at usb0: vendor 0x1033 OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
283: uhub1 at usb1: vendor 0x1033 OHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1
284: uhub2 at usb2: vendor 0x1033 EHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 2.00/1.00, addr 1
285: wd0 at atabus0 drive 0
286: wd0: <Maxtor 2B020H1>
287: wd0: 19541 MB, 39703 cyl, 16 head, 63 sec, 512 bytes/sect x 40020624 sectors
288: boot device: re0
289: root on md0a dumps on md0b
290: root file system type: ffs
291: erase ^H, werase ^W, kill ^U, intr ^C, status ^T
292: Terminal type? [vt100]
293:
1.2 phx 294: Just follow the usual procedure to install a NetBSD system.
1.1 mspo 295:
1.4 phx 296: <img src="//www.NetBSD.org/images/ports/sandpoint/install_window.jpg" alt="Sandpoint installation window" /></td>
297:
1.1 mspo 298: Post installation steps
299: =======================
300:
301: After a successful installation you want to make the system boot
302: standalone when switched on, without the need for a serial console. So
303: you have to find a way to make your firmware automatically boot
304: `altboot` and the kernel.
305:
1.4 phx 306: Without a working **cp** command the only way to make your system
1.2 phx 307: automatically boot NetBSD is to replace the Linux kernel on flash by
1.1 mspo 308: `altboot.img`, which is our bootloader in PPCBoot image format, faking a
309: Linux kernel.
310:
1.4 phx 311: When viewing the environment variables with **printenv** you can see that
312: the `bootcmd` is calling **bootm** to load the Linux kernel. The first
1.1 mspo 313: address is the location which we have to overwrite with `altboot.img`.
314: Here it is `0xffc10000`, which you have to replace in all the following
315: commands, in case your `bootcmd` differs.
316:
317: bootcmd=bootm ffc10000 fff20000
318:
319: Load `altboot.img` into memory, for example at `0x1000000` again, as
320: explained [above](#altboot). You might want to backup the Linux kernel
321: image first. Then execute the following commands to overwrite it with
322: `altboot.img`:
323:
1.4 phx 324: <pre>
325: _MPC824X > <strong>load -k 1000000</strong>
326: Flash: upgrade Linux kernel in unProtect FFC10000 ... FFD8FFFF
327: Un-Protected 24 sectors
328: Erasing Flash...
329: ............. done
330: Erased 24 sectors
331: Writing to Flash... done
332: </pre>
1.1 mspo 333:
334: Additionally you may think about replacing the Linux RAM disk image at
335: the second address (`0xfff20000` in the example above) by an empty
1.5 ! phx 336: PPCBoot image, like [this](http://www.NetBSD.org/~phx/Sandpoint/dummy.img.gz)
! 337: one (do not forget to uncompress it with `gunzip(1)`). Or use **mkubootimage**
! 338: to make your own dummy. Write it to flash as shown below. This will speed up
! 339: the boot process, but is not really required.
1.1 mspo 340:
1.4 phx 341: <pre>
342: _MPC824X > <strong>tftp 1000000 dummy.img</strong>
343: RTL8169#0 configured
344: ARP broadcast 1
345: TFTP from server 192.168.0.5; our IP address is 192.168.0.107
346: Filename 'dummy.img'.
347: Load address: 0x1000000
348: Loading: #
349: done
350: Bytes transferred = 64 (40 hex)
351: _MPC824X > <strong>load -f 1000000</strong>
352: Flash: upgrade rootfs in unProtect FFF20000 ... FFFFFFFF
353: Un-Protected 14 sectors
354: Erasing Flash...
355: ......... done
356: Erased 14 sectors
357: Writing to Flash... done
358: </pre>
1.1 mspo 359:
1.2 phx 360: Have fun with your mini NetBSD server!
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