1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/next68k: Frequently Asked Questions"]]
2:
3: [[!toc startlevel=1 levels=2]]
4:
5: # Booting
6:
7: ## How do I get to the ROM Monitor or the debugger?
8:
9: You can get to the ROM monitor or break into the debugger (once the
10: NetBSD kernel is running) at any time by hitting both **COMMAND** and
11: the backquote (`` ` ``) key above the `7` on the numeric
12: keypad.
13:
14: ## How do I reset the system without pulling the plug?
15:
16: This is a hard reset -- it does not sync the filesystems first. Press
17: the *left* **COMMAND**-**ALTERNATE**-**`*`** keys (where the
18: `*` key is to the right of the `/` on the numeric keypad).
19:
20: ## How do I netboot?
21:
22: This is now covered in the INSTALL notes. There is also a section of the
23: [Diskless NetBSD HOW-TO](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/) devoted to
24: [netbooting
25: NetBSD/next68k](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/intro.next68k.html).
26:
27: ## How do I boot from a second hard drive or CD-ROM?
28:
29: The ROM Monitor `bsd()` command defaults to booting from the
30: lowest SCSI ID drive which is usually the internal hard drive at ID 0.
31: To boot from the next SCSI hard drive, you would use `bsd(1,0,0)`
32: which will boot from the next highest SCSI ID drive -- *not necessarily
33: SCSI ID 1*.
34:
35: [[!table data="""
36: SCSI ID |boot command
37: 0 |`bsd()`
38: 2 |`bsd(1,0,0)`
39: 6 |`bsd(2,0,0)`
40: """]]
41:
42: Only turbo NeXT systems can boot directly from a CD-ROM. Non-turbo
43: models need to load the bootloader from a floppy, SCSI hard drive, or
44: over the network.
45:
46: ## What can I do in the ROM Monitor?
47:
48: From the ROM Monitor prompt, type `?` to get a listing of the
49: possible commands and `p` to configure the system. Additionally,
50: pressing the `Power` key will let you power down the system.
51:
52: To boot from a SCSI disk, type `bsd()`. To boot from the
53: ethernet, type `ben()netbsd`.
54:
55: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
56: NeXT ROM Monitor 2.5 (v66)
57:
58: CPU MC68040 25 MHz, memory 100 nS
59: Backplane slot #0
60: Ethernet address: 0:0:f:0:fb:90
61: Memory size 40 MB
62: NeXT>
63: NeXT ROM monitor commands:
64: p inspect/modify configuration parameters
65: a [n] open address register
66: m print memory configuration
67: d [n] open data register
68: r [regname] open processor register
69: s [systemreg] open system register
70: e [lwb] [alist] [format] examine memory location addr
71: ec print recorded system error codes
72: ej [drive #] eject optical disk (default = 0)
73: eo (same as above)
74: ef [drive #] eject floppy disk (default = 0)
75: c continue execution at last pc location
76: b [device[(ctrl,unit,part)] [filename] [flags]] boot from device
77: S [fcode] open function code (address space)
78: R [radix] set input radix
79: Notes:
80: [lwb] select long/word/byte length (default = long).
81: [alist] is starting address or list of addresses to cyclically examine
82: Examine command, eith no arguments, uses last [alist]
83: Copyright (c) 1988-1990 NeXT Inc
84:
85: NeXT>
86: boot command: sd()?
87: DRAM tests: yes?
88: perform power-on system test: yes?
89: sound out tests: yes?
90: SCSI tests: yes?
91: loop until keypress: no?
92: verbose test mode: no?
93: boot extended diagnostics: no?
94: serial port A is alternate console: no?
95: allow any ROM command even if password protected: no?
96: allow boot from any device even if password protected: no?
97: allow optical drive #0 eject even if password protected: yes?
98: enable parity checking if parity memory is present: no?
99: """]]
100:
101:
102: * * * * *
103:
104: # Hardware
105:
106: ## How do the keyboard, mouse, and monitor connect to the NeXT hardware?
107:
108: For monochrome systems (NeXT Computer, NeXTcube, NeXTstation, NeXTcube
109: Turbo, and NeXTstation Turbo) without a NeXTdimension board, a 19 pin
110: cable connects the system to the mono MegaPixel Display. The cable
111: carries power for the monitor, video for the monitor, sound in and out,
112: and the keyboard/mouse connector. The keyboard plugs into the monitor,
113: and the mouse plugs into the keyboard.
114:
115: For color systems (NeXTstation Color and NeXTstation Color Turbo) a
116: funky "Y-Cable" connects the system to a soundbox and to a monitor. The
117: monitor end of the cable is a 13W3 connector. You can use any multisync
118: monitor (with the appropriate adapter) or a fixed frequency monitor
119: supporting the appropriate refresh rate. NeXTstation Color supports 68
120: Hz refresh at 1280x1024. NeXTstation Color Turbo supports 72 Hz refresh.
121: The soundbox provides the additional functionality of the mono MegaPixel
122: Display (sound in and out and keyboard/mouse connector). The keyboard
123: plugs into the soundbox, and the mouse plugs into the keyboard.
124:
125: For cube systems with a NeXTdimension board, the refresh rate is 68 Hz.
126: If the cube is using a mono MegaPixel Display in addition to the
127: NeXTdimension driven display, a simple 13W3 cable is used to connect the
128: monitor to the NeXTdimension. If the cube is not using a mono MegaPixel
129: Display, you must use a "Y-cable" and a soundbox connected to the
130: NeXTdimension board.
131:
132: ## Differentiating ADB and non-ADB keyboards and mice
133:
134: Currently, only non-ADB keyboards and mice are supported.
135:
136: Non-ADB keyboards use a mini-DIN connector with 5 pins. Non-ADB
137: keyboards have a black power key between the brightness and volume keys.
138: Non-ADB mice use a mini-DIN 8 connector. Non-ADB mice are rectangular.
139: All NeXT hardware supports these peripherals with the original mono
140: MegaPixel Display (N4000 or N4000A) or a non-ADB soundbox (serial number
141: prefix ABN). The ADB monitor and soundbox cables will work with non-ADB
142: monitors and soundboxes. Non-ADB monitor cables (part numbers 150 or
143: 1532) and soundbox cables (part number 2286) only work with non-ADB
144: monitors and soundboxes.
145:
146: ADB cables have mini-DIN 4 connectors. ADB NeXT keyboards have a flat
147: green power button. ADB NeXT mice are rounded. Apple Macintosh ADB
148: keyboards and mice should also work. ADB peripherals are only supported
149: on NeXT hardware with ROM version v.74 (most turbo systems and some
150: later non-turbo systems). You also need a newer mono MegaPixel Display
151: (N4000B) or ADB soundbox (serial number prefix ADD). Additionally, you
152: need an ADB monitor cable (part numbers 4534 or 4535) or an ADB soundbox
153: cable (part number 4536).
154:
155: Black Hole, Inc. has a
156: [graphic](http://blackholeinc.com/images/set1/nextadbnonadb.gif)
157: depicting the differences. ChannelU also has a
158: [webpage](http://www.channelu.com/Turbo/NeXT/mousekeysound.html) with
159: pictures of these devices.
160:
161: ## How do I run my NeXT headless?
162:
163: From [The Peanut's Archive
164: FAQ](http://www.peanuts.org/faq-serve/cache/189.html). Also, see this
165: [post](http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-next68k/1998/06/30/0000.html)
166: describing how to build a better switch.
167:
168: The procedure is to just touch pins 6 and GND on the DB-19 NeXT monitor
169: out with a 470 Ohm resistor (450 is the actual resistance, but 470 ohms
170: is more commonly found in resistors). The touching with the resistor
171: will be momentary, you shouldn't try to set up a resistor so that it's
172: always touching.
173:
174: Pin 6 is the power sense, and pins 13-19 (and the DB shell) are the GND.
175: Just say "pin 19", it may be easier. There's a pinout diagram of the
176: DB-19 in the NeXT Users Reference Manual, as well as
177: [below](#monitor-pinout).
178:
179: If you have an old Cube (serial number below AAK0016370), the power
180: supply needs to have more power drawn from it than an 030 (and 040?)
181: board uses to stay on. So: On the DB-19, attach a Power Resistor (20
182: Ohm, at least 20 Watt) between pins 12 and GND. (Pin 12 is -12V, pin 13
183: works well for GND). Then just "momentarily touch" the 470 ohm resistor
184: as described above, and you're set. The 20 Ohm resistor draws enough to
185: keep the power supply happy - just don't touch it (\*HOT!\* ;-)
186:
187: To power off, type "halt -p" as root on the machine (either through a
188: terminal connected to port A, or over the ethernet connection).
189:
190: Also, you need to use the NeXT keyboard to set up the [ROM
191: Monitor](#rom-monitor). The important ones are:
192:
193: - Wait until keypress? N
194: - Sound out tests? N
195: - Port A as alternate Console? Y (if you have one, it's nice)
196: - Verbose mode? N (this may need to be N to work)
197:
198: ## How do I build a serial console cable?
199:
200: See the [NetBSD Serial Port
201: Primer](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html) for more information.
202:
203: ## What is the pinout of the monitor cable?<a name="monitor-pinout"></a>
204:
205: The NeXT monitor cable is a very strange DB19 connector. You won't find
206: any of these outside for special order shops. The cable, as seen from
207: the back of the machine:
208:
209: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
210: 10 1
211: _________________________
212: \ o o o o o o o o o o /
213: \ o o o o o o o o o /
214: ---------------------
215: 19 11
216: """]]
217:
218: 1. +12V
219: 2. -12V
220: 3. MON CLK
221: 4. MON DATA OUT
222: 5. MON DATA IN
223: 6. MON PWR SWITCH
224: 7. NC
225: 8. VSYNC
226: 9. HSYNC
227: 10. VIDEO
228: 11. +12V
229: 12. -12V
230: 13. GND
231: 14. GND
232: 15. GND
233: 16. GND
234: 17. GND
235: 18. GND
236: 19. GND
237:
238: * * * * *
239:
240: # Other sources of information
241:
242: * [The peanuts.org NEXTSTEP/OpenStep FAQ](http://www.peanuts.org/peanuts/GeneralData/Documents/faq/NeXTFAQ-html/NeXTFAQ.txt) -
243: (see section 5 on black hardware)
244:
245: * [NeXT Hardware FAQs](http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~heller/NeXT/NeXT.html)
246:
247: * [The wscons documentation](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/guide/en/chap-cons.html#chap-cons-wscons) -
248: About NetBSD's platform-independent workstation console driver.
249:
250: * [Diskless NetBSD HOW-TO](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/network/netboot/)
251:
252: * [NetBSD Serial Port Primer](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html)
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