1: NetBSD/next68k: Frequently Asked Questions
2: ==========================================
3:
4: [[!toc startlevel=4]]
5:
6: ### Booting
7:
8: #### How do I get to the ROM Monitor or the debugger?
9:
10: You can get to the ROM monitor or break into the debugger (once the
11: NetBSD kernel is running) at any time by hitting both **COMMAND** and
12: the backquote (`` ` ``) key above the `7` on the numeric
13: keypad.
14:
15: #### How do I reset the system without pulling the plug?
16:
17: This is a hard reset -- it does not sync the filesystems first. Press
18: the *left* **COMMAND**-**ALTERNATE**-**`*`** keys (where the
19: `*` key is to the right of the `/` on the numeric keypad).
20:
21: #### How do I netboot?
22:
23: This is now covered in the INSTALL notes. There is also a section of the
24: [Diskless NetBSD HOW-TO](../../docs/network/netboot/) devoted to
25: [netbooting
26: NetBSD/next68k](../../docs/network/netboot/intro.next68k.html).
27:
28: #### How do I boot from a second hard drive or CD-ROM?
29:
30: The ROM Monitor `bsd()` command defaults to booting from the
31: lowest SCSI ID drive which is usually the internal hard drive at ID 0.
32: To boot from the next SCSI hard drive, you would use `bsd(1,0,0)`
33: which will boot from the next highest SCSI ID drive -- *not necessarily
34: SCSI ID 1*.
35:
36: SCSI ID boot command
37: --------- ---------------------
38: 0 `bsd()`
39: 2 `bsd(1,0,0)`
40: 6 `bsd(2,0,0)`
41:
42: Only turbo NeXT systems can boot directly from a CD-ROM. Non-turbo
43: models need to load the bootloader from a floppy, SCSI hard drive, or
44: over the network.
45:
46: #### What can I do in the ROM Monitor?
47:
48: From the ROM Monitor prompt, type `?` to get a listing of the
49: possible commands and `p` to configure the system. Additionally,
50: pressing the `Power` key will let you power down the system.
51:
52: To boot from a SCSI disk, type `bsd()`. To boot from the
53: ethernet, type `ben()netbsd`.
54:
55: NeXT ROM Monitor 2.5 (v66)
56:
57: CPU MC68040 25 MHz, memory 100 nS
58: Backplane slot #0
59: Ethernet address: 0:0:f:0:fb:90
60: Memory size 40 MB
61: NeXT>
62: NeXT ROM monitor commands:
63: p inspect/modify configuration parameters
64: a [n] open address register
65: m print memory configuration
66: d [n] open data register
67: r [regname] open processor register
68: s [systemreg] open system register
69: e [lwb] [alist] [format] examine memory location addr
70: ec print recorded system error codes
71: ej [drive #] eject optical disk (default = 0)
72: eo (same as above)
73: ef [drive #] eject floppy disk (default = 0)
74: c continue execution at last pc location
75: b [device[(ctrl,unit,part)] [filename] [flags]] boot from device
76: S [fcode] open function code (address space)
77: R [radix] set input radix
78: Notes:
79: [lwb] select long/word/byte length (default = long).
80: [alist] is starting address or list of addresses to cyclically examine
81: Examine command, eith no arguments, uses last [alist]
82: Copyright (c) 1988-1990 NeXT Inc
83:
84: NeXT>
85: boot command: sd()?
86: DRAM tests: yes?
87: perform power-on system test: yes?
88: sound out tests: yes?
89: SCSI tests: yes?
90: loop until keypress: no?
91: verbose test mode: no?
92: boot extended diagnostics: no?
93: serial port A is alternate console: no?
94: allow any ROM command even if password protected: no?
95: allow boot from any device even if password protected: no?
96: allow optical drive #0 eject even if password protected: yes?
97: enable parity checking if parity memory is present: no?
98:
99:
100: * * * * *
101:
102: ### Hardware
103:
104: #### How do the keyboard, mouse, and monitor connect to the NeXT hardware?
105:
106: For monochrome systems (NeXT Computer, NeXTcube, NeXTstation, NeXTcube
107: Turbo, and NeXTstation Turbo) without a NeXTdimension board, a 19 pin
108: cable connects the system to the mono MegaPixel Display. The cable
109: carries power for the monitor, video for the monitor, sound in and out,
110: and the keyboard/mouse connector. The keyboard plugs into the monitor,
111: and the mouse plugs into the keyboard.
112:
113: For color systems (NeXTstation Color and NeXTstation Color Turbo) a
114: funky "Y-Cable" connects the system to a soundbox and to a monitor. The
115: monitor end of the cable is a 13W3 connector. You can use any multisync
116: monitor (with the appropriate adapter) or a fixed frequency monitor
117: supporting the appropriate refresh rate. NeXTstation Color supports 68
118: Hz refresh at 1280x1024. NeXTstation Color Turbo supports 72 Hz refresh.
119: The soundbox provides the additional functionality of the mono MegaPixel
120: Display (sound in and out and keyboard/mouse connector). The keyboard
121: plugs into the soundbox, and the mouse plugs into the keyboard.
122:
123: For cube systems with a NeXTdimension board, the refresh rate is 68 Hz.
124: If the cube is using a mono MegaPixel Display in addition to the
125: NeXTdimension driven display, a simple 13W3 cable is used to connect the
126: monitor to the NeXTdimension. If the cube is not using a mono MegaPixel
127: Display, you must use a "Y-cable" and a soundbox connected to the
128: NeXTdimension board.
129:
130: #### Differentiating ADB and non-ADB keyboards and mice
131:
132: Currently, only non-ADB keyboards and mice are supported.
133:
134: Non-ADB keyboards use a mini-DIN connector with 5 pins. Non-ADB
135: keyboards have a black power key between the brightness and volume keys.
136: Non-ADB mice use a mini-DIN 8 connector. Non-ADB mice are rectangular.
137: All NeXT hardware supports these peripherals with the original mono
138: MegaPixel Display (N4000 or N4000A) or a non-ADB soundbox (serial number
139: prefix ABN). The ADB monitor and soundbox cables will work with non-ADB
140: monitors and soundboxes. Non-ADB monitor cables (part numbers 150 or
141: 1532) and soundbox cables (part number 2286) only work with non-ADB
142: monitors and soundboxes.
143:
144: ADB cables have mini-DIN 4 connectors. ADB NeXT keyboards have a flat
145: green power button. ADB NeXT mice are rounded. Apple Macintosh ADB
146: keyboards and mice should also work. ADB peripherals are only supported
147: on NeXT hardware with ROM version v.74 (most turbo systems and some
148: later non-turbo systems). You also need a newer mono MegaPixel Display
149: (N4000B) or ADB soundbox (serial number prefix ADD). Additionally, you
150: need an ADB monitor cable (part numbers 4534 or 4535) or an ADB soundbox
151: cable (part number 4536).
152:
153: Black Hole, Inc. has a
154: [graphic](http://blackholeinc.com/images/set1/nextadbnonadb.gif)
155: depicting the differences. ChannelU also has a
156: [webpage](http://www.channelu.com/Turbo/NeXT/mousekeysound.html) with
157: pictures of these devices.
158:
159: #### How do I run my NeXT headless?
160:
161: From [The Peanut's Archive
162: FAQ](http://www.peanuts.org/faq-serve/cache/189.html). Also, see this
163: [post](http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-next68k/1998/06/30/0000.html)
164: describing how to build a better switch.
165:
166: The procedure is to just touch pins 6 and GND on the DB-19 NeXT monitor
167: out with a 470 Ohm resistor (450 is the actual resistance, but 470 ohms
168: is more commonly found in resistors). The touching with the resistor
169: will be momentary, you shouldn't try to set up a resistor so that it's
170: always touching.
171:
172: Pin 6 is the power sense, and pins 13-19 (and the DB shell) are the GND.
173: Just say "pin 19", it may be easier. There's a pinout diagram of the
174: DB-19 in the NeXT Users Reference Manual, as well as
175: [below](#monitor-pinout).
176:
177: If you have an old Cube (serial number below AAK0016370), the power
178: supply needs to have more power drawn from it than an 030 (and 040?)
179: board uses to stay on. So: On the DB-19, attach a Power Resistor (20
180: Ohm, at least 20 Watt) between pins 12 and GND. (Pin 12 is -12V, pin 13
181: works well for GND). Then just "momentarily touch" the 470 ohm resistor
182: as described above, and you're set. The 20 Ohm resistor draws enough to
183: keep the power supply happy - just don't touch it (\*HOT!\* ;-)
184:
185: To power off, type "halt -p" as root on the machine (either through a
186: terminal connected to port A, or over the ethernet connection).
187:
188: Also, you need to use the NeXT keyboard to set up the [ROM
189: Monitor](#rom-monitor). The important ones are:
190:
191: - Wait until keypress? N
192: - Sound out tests? N
193: - Port A as alternate Console? Y (if you have one, it's nice)
194: - Verbose mode? N (this may need to be N to work)
195:
196: #### How do I build a serial console cable?
197:
198: See the [NetBSD Serial Port
199: Primer](../../docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html) for more information.
200:
201: #### What is the pinout of the monitor cable?
202:
203: The NeXT monitor cable is a very strange DB19 connector. You won't find
204: any of these outside for special order shops. The cable, as seen from
205: the back of the machine:
206:
207: 10 1
208: _________________________
209: \ o o o o o o o o o o /
210: \ o o o o o o o o o /
211: ---------------------
212: 19 11
213:
214: 1. +12V
215: 2. -12V
216: 3. MON CLK
217: 4. MON DATA OUT
218: 5. MON DATA IN
219: 6. MON PWR SWITCH
220: 7. NC
221: 8. VSYNC
222: 9. HSYNC
223: 10. VIDEO
224: 11. +12V
225: 12. -12V
226: 13. GND
227: 14. GND
228: 15. GND
229: 16. GND
230: 17. GND
231: 18. GND
232: 19. GND
233:
234: * * * * *
235:
236: ### Other sources of information
237:
238: #### [The peanuts.org NEXTSTEP/OpenStep FAQ](http://www.peanuts.org/peanuts/GeneralData/Documents/faq/NeXTFAQ-html/NeXTFAQ.txt)
239:
240: (see section 5 on black hardware)
241:
242: #### [NeXT Hardware FAQs](http://www.lrz-muenchen.de/~heller/NeXT/NeXT.html)
243:
244: #### [The wscons documentation](../../docs/guide/en/chap-cons.html#chap-cons-wscons)
245:
246: About NetBSD's platform-independent workstation console driver.
247:
248: #### [Diskless NetBSD HOW-TO](../../docs/network/netboot/)
249:
250: #### [NetBSD Serial Port Primer](../../docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html)
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