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fix two mistakes made in the conversion to wikisrc:
- broken link to mailing list
- no anchor on DIP switch section, causing #dip_sw to fail

while here, prune a yob's comma

[[!meta title="NetBSD/news68k Frequently Asked Questions"]]

[[!toc startlevel=1 levels=2]]

* * * * *

# General Questions

## How can I set up a serial console?

First, turn off DIP switches 1-3 to specify to use serial console for
the PROM monitor. (See [DIP switch descriptions](#dip_sw) for details)

The NEWS machines use CH0 port for serial console, with 9600bps, 8 bit
char, no parity and 1 stop bit.

Serial ports of news1400/1500/1600/1700 use ordinary 25P D-sub
connectors, so you just need a null modem cable.

news1200 uses female 9P D-sub connectors. It has the same pin layout
with PCs, though they have male 9P connectors.

See the [NetBSD Serial Port
Primer](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html)
for more information.

## My NEWS does not print anything to console!

The NEWS machines use the MK48T02 NVRAM chip, which is also used in the
SPARCstation machines. If the NVRAM battery is dead, the machine won't
boot properly.

What you need to do, both with a new NVRAM, or one with a dead battery
is to press the POWER/RESET buttons in the following order to force the
PROM monitor to re-initialize the NVRAM:

-   Press and hold POWER button

-   Press RESET, while still holding POWER

-   Release RESET first

-   And then release POWER

Unlike SPARCstations, you don't have to restore any data like the
ethernet MAC address. The MAC address is stored in ROM on NEWS, and only
thing you have to set is the time of the day for the clock.

If you are going to replace the dead NVRAM, the [Sun NVRAM/hostid
page](http://www.squirrel.com/squirrel/sun-nvram-hostid.faq.html) has
lots of useful information about the chips. Maybe you could try to
[attach a new battery onto the
NVRAM](http://www.squirrel.com/squirrel/sun-nvram-hostid.faq.html#attach),
but on some NEWS models the NVRAM might be soldered to the mainboard
without a socket :-(

## How should I set the DIP switches?<a name="dip_sw">
news68k machines have one block of 8 dip switches:

### Table 1
[[!table data="""
Switch 1,2,3	|console settings
OFF,OFF,OFF	|ANSI terminals (i.e., serial console)
OFF,OFF,ON	|NWB-512 monochrome bitmap console
ON ,OFF,OFF	|NWB-225A color bitmap console
ON ,ON ,ON	|newer framebuffers which support autoselection functions (NWS-251, NWB-514, etc.)
"""]]

### Table 2
[[!table data="""
Switch 4	|boot device
OFF		|boot from SCSI disk: `hd()`
ON		|boot from floppy disk: `fh()`
"""]]

### Table 3
[[!table data="""
Switch 5	|autoboot
OFF		|PROM monitor
ON		|auto boot
"""]]

### Table 4
[[!table data="""
Switch 6	|diagnostic (?)
OFF		|Diag off (default)
ON		|Diag on
"""]]

# Table 5
[[!table data="""
witch 7,8	|unused
default off	|
"""]]

## How can I turn off the machine other than by unplugging the cable?

Just press the RESET button (without POWER), or use the `"off"`
command on the PROM prompt.

## NetBSD/news68k install floppy does not boot

There are some reports that some news1500 machines cannot boot the
install floppy because of read errors. It might be caused by a bug in
the PROM monitor or boot loader, but could be actual media errors. Try
cleaning up your drive and booting several times with several disks.

## Kernel prints `"level 3 interrupt:"` forever after boot with power cycle

Some old versions of PROM monitors do not initialize framebuffers in
expansion slots properly when serial console is specified, which leads
to the framebuffer causing spurious interrupts.

The workaround is to reset the machine (using the POWER+RESET method
mentioned above) with bitmap console settings once, and then reset again
with serial console.

## Can I install both NetBSD and NEWS-OS in the same disk?

It is not well tested and not recommended, but yes, it is possible.

NetBSD/news68k can recognize NEWS-OS disklabels and mount NEWS-OS disks,
but once NetBSD modifies the NEWS-OS disklabel, NEWS-OS cannot recognize
them. It is recommended to install each OS on its own disk.

* * * * *

# PROM monitor Questions

## What commands can I use at the PROM prompt?

The `help` command will show all the commands. On a NWS-1750 it says:

[[!template id=programlisting text="""
NEWS> help
bf [.{b|w|l}] <bgn> {<end>|:<cnt>} <data>               : Block Fill
bm <bgn> {<end>|:<cnt>} <dest>                          : Block Move
bo [<dev>]                                              : BOot
bp [<addr> [:<cnt>]] ...                                : BreakPoint set
cp <src_dev> <bgn>:<cnt> <dst_dev> <dest>               : CoPy
format {fd|fh}                                          : FORMAT floppy
go [<addr> [<bkpt> [:<cnt>]]]                           : GO to user program
help                                                    : display this
md [.{b|w|l}] [<bgn> [{<end>|:<cnt>}]]                  : Memory Display
ms [.{b|w|l}] [<addr> [<data>]]                         : Memory Set
mu                                                      : Memory Usage
nobp [<addr>] ...                                       : NO BreakPoint
off                                                     : turn power OFF
rc                                                      : Re-assign Console
rd [{dreg|areg|preg|creg|mreg}] ...                     : Register Display
rr                                                      : Register Reset
rs [<reg> [<data>]]                                     : Register Set
set [<var>[=<value>]]                                   : SET variable
st [:<cnt>]                                             : Stack back Trace
tr [:<cnt>] [branch] [{dreg|areg|preg|creg|mreg}]       : instruction TRace
vers                                                    : VERSion number
NEWS>
"""]]

 Other machines might print these messages differently, but they should be mostly the same.

For the boot command, you can specify the following options:

### Table 6
[[!table header="no" data="""
bo			|boot from default device (usually sd0)
bo /1			|boot with RB_ASKNAME (i.e., ask for root device before mountroot)
bo /2			|boot with RB_SINGLE (i.e., go to single-user mode)
bo fh()			|boot from 1.44M floppy
bo hd(1)		|boot from SCSI disk with ID 1
bo /2 hd()/netbsd.0	|boot "netbsd.0" on sd0 in single-user mode
"""]]

## Can NetBSD/news68k boot via network?

No, not yet.

The PROM monitor of news68k machines uses "remote disk (rd)" for
diskless boot, but it is only supported by NEWS-OS and there is no
documentation about it.

`rd_rpc.h` or `rd_srq.h` in NEWS-OS might be helpful, but
currently no one is working on it.

* * * * *

# Hardware Questions

## What are the specs of my NEWS?

See this [page of SONY NEWS
specifications](http://katsu.watanabe.name/doc/sonynews/model.html). It
is written in Japanese, but still has lots of good information for
non-Japanese readers.

## Which type of SIMM can be used for my NEWS?

For news1600/1700 machines, 30pin 1M SIMMs with 9 chips can be used to
upgrade to 16M bytes. SIMMs with 3 chips or SIMMs without parity cannot
be used. To upgrade from 16M to 32M, the optional memory board is
required.

For news1400/1500 machines, 30pin 1M SIMMs with 8 or 9 chips can be used
(these machines don't use the parity bit). SIMMs with 2 or 3 chips
cannot be used.

## Is there any hope to support NWS-18x0 models?

Unfortunately, there are many barriers to supporting news1800 machines.
news1800 models have dual 68030 CPUs. One is a main processor, and
another is an "I/O Processor". All devices (tty, ethernet, SCSI, etc.)
are connected to the IOP, but there is little information about how to
handle them. NEWS-OS provides a special module for the IOP called "MRX",
and it is loaded by the PROM at boot time from the root directory.

Some people have asked for NEWS device information from Sony, and Sony
once had planned to open their NEWS-OS sources. But there were many
problems with source license issues, and the NEWS development division
in Sony had already been dissolved, so no one could resolve the issues
officially.

## How about NWS-8xx and NWS-7xx models?

The one problem is that news800 models also use an I/O processor, which
is mentioned in the above entry. Another problem is that news800 uses
m68020 and Sony's own MMU, not Motorola's m68851 MMU. news700 also has
an original MMU like news800. There is little information about it
either.

* * * * *

# Other sources of information

## Other sources of information from NetBSD.org

-   [NetBSD/news68k 6.1.5 install
    notes](http://ftp.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-6.1.5/news68k/INSTALL.html) - supported hardware and how to install.

-   [port-news68k mail list](http://www.NetBSD.org/mailinglists/#port-news68k)
    ([archive](http://mail-index.NetBSD.org/port-news68k/)) - if you
    have any additional questions please subscribe.

-   [History of NEWS machines](http://www.NetBSD.org/ports/newsmips/history.html) - A brief
    history of machines running NetBSD/newsmips and NetBSD/news68k.

-   [NetBSD Serial Port Primer](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/Hardware/Misc/serial.html)

-   [General NetBSD Documentation](http://www.NetBSD.org/docs/) - for questions not specific to NetBSD/news68k.