Annotation of wikisrc/ports/luna68k/luna68k_info.mdwn, revision 1.1
1.1 ! ryoon 1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/luna68k: Information"]]
! 2:
! 3: *This page is under construction and more information will be added
! 4: to make it helpful for hardware owners suffering from missing documents.*
! 5:
! 6: # Hardware and Operation<a name="hardware"></a>
! 7: [[!table data="""
! 8: Model |Processor |RAM |RAM configuration
! 9: LUNA |20MHz 68030 + 20MHz 68882 FPU |16MB |4/8MB + two 4MB modules
! 10: LUNA-88K |25MHz 88100 + pairs of 88204 CMMU |64MB |16 30-pin SIPP slots
! 11: LUNA-II |25MHz 68040 |64MB |16 30-pin SIMM slots
! 12: """]]
! 13:
! 14: LUNA-II has a room for piggy back 2nd 68040 processor,
! 15: and apparently designed as 2 processor SMP box.
! 16: LUNA-88K Plus product announcement was done in mid 1993.
! 17: It's not certain volume production was made.
! 18: The company released later rebagged DG AViiONs under LUNA brandname
! 19: which run m88k DG-UX.
! 20:
! 21: ## Photos; front and back
! 22:
! 23: [ ... professional looks photos here ... ]
! 24:
! 25: ## Front panel DIP switch #1
! 26:
! 27: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
! 28: [] [] [] [] []
! 29: [] [] []
! 30: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
! 31: """]]
! 32:
! 33: [[!table data="""
! 34: switch # |description
! 35: 1 |down - boot system in ROM monitor mode<br />up - load and start UNIX (always goes to multiuser mode)
! 36: 2 |down - serial console on ttya<br/ >up - console on bitmap display
! 37: 3 |down - force to have monochrome display<br />up - color display
! 38: 4 |down - verification on every harddisk write operation<br />up - no write verification
! 39: 5 |down - operating system is UniOS-B (4.3BSD/a.out OMAGIC)<br />up - operating system is UniOS-U (SystemV/COFF)
! 40: 6 |down - force monochrome display<br />up - color display</br />*uncertain about functional difference from sw3.*
! 41: 7 |down - boot from network<br />up - boot from local devices
! 42: 8 |down - start diagnostics<br />up - normal boot
! 43: """]]
! 44:
! 45: DIP switch #2 is not used for any purpose.
! 46:
! 47: ## ROM monitor operation
! 48:
! 49: ROM monitor commands are not like those found in popular UNIX boxes.
! 50:
! 51: <dl>
! 52: <dt>k</dt>
! 53: <dd>
! 54: Display and change the boot device and filename. Boot device can be harddisk
! 55: (dk), netboot (et), cassette tape (sd), or floppy disk (fl).
! 56: </dd>
! 57: <dt>g</dt>
! 58: <dd>
! 59: Load the boot program into memory. It can take a different filename
! 60: as optional argument. Note ROM monitor recognizes only a.out format binaries.
! 61: </dd>
! 62: <dt>x</dt>
! 63: <dd>
! 64: Execute the loaded program. It accepts optional arguments. NetBSD/luna68k
! 65: takes any letter of s (boot in single user mode), d (start DDB session)
! 66: or a (ask root device name).
! 67: </dd>
! 68: </dl>
! 69:
! 70: [ ... more info, differences between models ... ]
! 71:
! 72: Here is an example of netbooting:
! 73:
! 74: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
! 75: >k
! 76: ctlr: dk et
! 77: host: omron [enter]
! 78: sver: servername [enter]
! 79: fnam: server:/vmunix lala:netbsd.aout
! 80: >g
! 81: text(1585988)+data(0)+bss(72780)
! 82: >x
! 83: [ Kernel symbol table missing! ]
! 84: Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
! 85: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
! 86: The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
! 87: Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
! 88: The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
! 89: ...
! 90: """]]
! 91:
! 92: ## How to determine the station's Ethernet address
! 93:
! 94: For the ROM monitor prompt '>', type the following hexadecimal address;
! 95:
! 96: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
! 97: >4101ffe0[enter]
! 98: 4101FFE0: 30 30 30 30 30 41 30 32 *00000A02*
! 99: >[enter]
! 100: 4101FFE8: 34 33 30 46 00 00 00 00 *430F....*
! 101: """]]
! 102:
! 103: in this example, the station address is 00:00:0A:02:43:0F.
! 104:
! 105: Some older models do not store the station address in CPU ROM,
! 106: but in NVRAM storage (found in V4.02 ROM monitor dated Oct 12 1988).
! 107: See also next section.
! 108:
! 109: ## Dead timekeeper NVRAM syndrome
! 110:
! 111: The LUNA are equipped with the infamous (non)volatile timekeeping
! 112: RAM Mostek 48T02. Like for Sun3s and SPARCstations,
! 113: the backup battery wears out and eventually loses its contents.
! 114: Whenever the LUNA ROM monitor detects the situation,
! 115: it initializes the NVRAM with factory default values.
! 116: A Dead NVRAM is cumbersome for daily operations because there is no way
! 117: to automatically boot NetBSD/luna68k at powerup;
! 118: you have to boot the machine in ROM monitor mode and enter
! 119: the boot commands by hand, specifying explicit boot configuration every time.
! 120:
! 121: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
! 122: Diagnostic Start....nvram initialize.
! 123: No problems in hardware
! 124: OMRON WS Monitor Ver4.22 (Thu Jul 27 11:45:42 1989) - 0x01000000 bytes of memory
! 125: "BSD Monitor-mode"
! 126: >
! 127: """]]
! 128:
! 129: If you see the ROM monitor message shown above on powerup,
! 130: the NVRAM battery is gone and the contents have been initialized
! 131: with factory default values. To learn about the dead NVRAM syndrome,
! 132: please refer to [Frequently Asked Questions about Sun NVRAM/hostid](http://www.squirrel.com/squirrel/sun-nvram-hostid.faq.html).
! 133:
! 134: Older models have Ethernet station address in the ENADDR environment
! 135: variable. If the NVRAM wears out, the ROM monitor resets the value
! 136: to 0:0:0:0:0:0, and the ROM monitor will refuse to netboot
! 137: before until a valid address is set.
! 138:
! 139: ## Dead NVRAM replacement
! 140: The author succeeded in installing new DS1642-70 NVRAM.
! 141: The PROM detected it and initialized ("kick-start") the timekeeping circuit
! 142: automagically. I purchased it from a Dallas Semiconductor credit card sale
! 143: representative. The price was $16.89 on Jan 4 2000.
! 144:
! 145: ## Disk drive replacement
! 146:
! 147: The LUNA is equipped with one 3.5" 'half height' hard disk drive made
! 148: by either Conner, Fujitsu or Hitachi. They are slow and small disks of
! 149: at best 172MB or 270MB capacity.
! 150: It's a good idea to replace these low capacity drives with high capacity
! 151: faster drives.
! 152:
! 153: ## Removing the front bezel
! 154:
! 155: Remove the top cover first. It has one screw on the back.
! 156: Remove the metal sheet on top, which also has one screw.
! 157: Then, remove the side covers; look for one screw on the back of each one.
! 158: The front bezel might be secured with screws on both sides.
! 159: It has three leads on the top. Unlock them gently from metal notches,
! 160: release the top first, then remove the bottom end.
! 161:
! 162: ## Removing the tape/disk unit
! 163:
! 164: The tape and disk unit forms a block secured by a metal lead on the top.
! 165: Loosen the lead and slide the block to front end gently.
! 166: When you got a little space, release the power and SCSI cables on the back.
! 167: Pay attention to avoid finger injuries due to the low quality metal work.
! 168:
! 169: ## Replacing the disk drive
! 170:
! 171: The ROM monitor requires the disk drive to have SCSI ID #6.
! 172: The disk drive may be at the end of SCSI cable or not.
! 173: The LUNA requires at least one SCSI termination. Without a SCSI termination,
! 174: the system won't be able to run.
! 175:
! 176: ## ttya connector replacement
! 177:
! 178: The LUNA uses obscure serial connectors inherited from the old deskside
! 179: VME machine design. It's close to impossible to obtain genuine cables,
! 180: and the connector parts are very hard to find in market.
! 181: See [Tadashi Okamura's post](http://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-luna68k/2002/03/21/0000.html) for details.
! 182:
! 183: ## SCSI connector replacement
! 184:
! 185: The LUNA is equipped with an external SCSI connector.
! 186: It's a micro DB50 connector, looks like the so called 'SCSI-2 connector'
! 187: commonly found in any modern UNIX boxes, but it has a different gender!
! 188: You can replace it by decomposing parts from a PC SCSI assembly;
! 189: micro DB50 connector on ISA/PCI metal plate with 50-pin flat cable connector
! 190: on back side. The item is available at conventional PC shops.
! 191:
! 192: # Installation
! 193:
! 194: Instructions are available
! 195: in the [[How to install NetBSD/luna68k|luna68k_install]] document.
! 196:
! 197: # Future work<a name="futurework"></a>
! 198:
! 199: X11R6 Xserver; should not be hard.
! 200: The X Consortium X11 release contains code for UNIOS-B/Mach2.5.
! 201: NetBSD/luna68k has the WSCONS interface, and the porting effort
! 202: will be concentrated around this point.
! 203: However, it's uncertain that color support will be implemented,
! 204: because the LUNA framebuffer is designed in 'planer format',
! 205: not 'packed pixel format.'
! 206:
! 207: LUNA-88K support would be a fun project;
! 208: CMU Mach3 MK84 release contains code for the LUNA-88K hardware,
! 209: and its peripheral devices are nearly identical to those of the LUNA.
! 210:
! 211: # History and Background of LUNA<a name="behindthescene"></a>
! 212:
! 213: The LUNA has an interesting behind the scene story.
! 214:
! 215: The LUNA hardware had two different operating systems;
! 216: a 4.3BSD derivative and a SVR3 variant.
! 217: The first one, named UNIOS-B, was was a port of Integrated Solution Inc.
! 218: UNIX product. ISI manufactured m68k based VME UNIX boxes.
! 219: Their OS had an interesting feature of TRFS (Translucent Remote File System)
! 220: as well as the popular SMI's NFS. The paper of TRFS was published
! 221: at USENIX Technical Conference (late '80, details unknown in this moment).
! 222:
! 223: TRFS runs atop its own RPC layer with a distinct ethertype;
! 224: the protocol can not operate across routing segments.
! 225: TRFS supports diskless client nodes. TRFS is a remarkably small network
! 226: filesystem. It is not built on VFS nor fssw[].
! 227: Each remote client process has a phantom kernel process in the TRFS server,
! 228: and operational semantics of UNIX I/O model is preserved across machines
! 229: unlike to NFS.
! 230:
! 231: ISI once made m68020 based deskside UNIX workstations,
! 232: which were available for the Japanese market.
! 233: The machine had its own bitmap windowing system, and marketed
! 234: against then successful SMI's sun2.
! 235:
! 236: The LUNA was a straight port of the ISI combined with OMRON's hardware design.
! 237: LUNA could boot via network and operate as a diskless TRFS client.
! 238: For unknown reasons, OMRON published little about how the LUNA
! 239: could be used as TRFS network nodes.
! 240:
! 241: Upfront to RISC computer boom, the company made a multiprocessor
! 242: variant of the LUNA; a 4 processor m88000 SMP box geared by CMU's Mach2.5.
! 243: The company was affiliated with Motorola, and the choice was
! 244: natural to them (the company acquired a Japanese unit of Data General
! 245: when it was abandoned by the parent company).
! 246: A m68040 variant was made later, and marketed as LUNA-II.
! 247:
! 248: The LUNA also has an interesting side story; it was a development
! 249: platform of the Japanese Xterminal for a while.
! 250: At late '80, a software company named ASTEC started developing an Xterminal
! 251: prototype. Engineers in the company knew that a LUNA could be netbooted
! 252: by another one. They started designing and building a propriety OS featuring
! 253: an UNIX-like API and homebrew TCP/IP protocol stack.
! 254: The LUNA was a quasi target hardware, and Xterminal images were downloaded
! 255: to it by TRFS network boot.
! 256:
! 257: Three Japanese companies bought the prototype design;
! 258: OMRON, JCC and Takaoka Electric. The last two made their own 68030 based
! 259: Xterminal hardware and deployed their products to the domestic market.
! 260: The Xterminal business was a moderate success. ASTEC provided prototype
! 261: Xserver software based on each release of X11 sample implementation
! 262: to the companies.
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