Annotation of wikisrc/ports/evbarm/raspberry_pi.mdwn, revision 1.87
1.1 jakllsch 1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm on Raspberry Pi"]]
2:
1.39 wiki 3: This page attempts to document and coordinate efforts towards NetBSD/evbarm on [Raspberry Pi](http://www.raspberrypi.org). All board variants are supported.
4:
1.70 gdt 5: Initial, limited, Raspberry Pi support was introduced in NetBSD 6.0. NetBSD 7.0 adds complete support for the board, along with introducing support for the quad-core Raspberry Pi 2 board. Raspberry Pi 3 support was added for NetBSD 8, and backported to NetBSD 7 in July of 2017. (This page assumes those using NetBSD 7 are using 7.2, or the netbsd-7 branch after mid 2018.)
1.39 wiki 6:
1.3 wiki 7: [[images/raspberrypi.jpg]]
8:
1.26 wiki 9: [[!toc levels=2]]
10:
1.14 wiki 11: <small>([Raspberry Pi image](http://www.flickr.com/photos/42325803@N07/8118758647/) by Christopher Lee used under CC-By-2.0 license)</small>
1.3 wiki 12:
1.54 gdt 13: # What works (and what doesn't yet)
1.53 gdt 14:
1.70 gdt 15: ## NetBSD 7 and NetBSD 8
1.53 gdt 16:
1.74 gdt 17: - RaspberryPi 1, 2, 3 (except Pi 3 builtin WiFi and bluetooth)
18: - multiple processors on 2/3
19: - boots normally to multiuser, with FAT32 boot partition on uSD
20: - root filesystem can be uSD or USB-attached mass storage
1.53 gdt 21: - serial or graphics console (with EDID query / parsing)
1.74 gdt 22: - X11 via HDMI
23: - GPU (VCHIQ) - 3D and video decode. man page missing.
24: - USB host controller - dwctwo(4) and most devices work
25: - USB Ethernet - usmsc(4)
1.53 gdt 26: - DMA controller driver and sdhc(4) support
1.74 gdt 27: - RNG
1.53 gdt 28: - Audio: works. man page missing.
1.74 gdt 29: - GPIO
1.53 gdt 30: - I²C: works, could use enhancements, man page
31: - SPI: could use enhancements, man page
32:
33: ## NetBSD current
34:
1.74 gdt 35: - Raspberry Pi 3 builtin bluetooth
1.53 gdt 36: - Raspberry Pi 3 new SD host controller driver
37:
1.54 gdt 38: ## What needs work
1.53 gdt 39:
40: - USB (host); isochronous transfers.
1.74 gdt 41: - Raspberry Pi 3 builtin WiFi
1.53 gdt 42:
1.57 gdt 43: # CPU types
44:
1.59 gdt 45: - Raspberry Pi 1 uses "earmv6hf".
1.81 gdt 46: - Raspberry Pi 0 uses "\todo".
1.59 gdt 47: - Raspberry Pi 2 uses "earmv7hf".
1.64 gdt 48: - Raspberry Pi 3 uses "earmv7hf".
1.81 gdt 49: - Raspberry Pi 0W uses "\todo".
1.57 gdt 50:
1.74 gdt 51: Note that one can run earmv6hf code on the 2 and 3. See also
52: [[NetBSD/aarch64|aarch64]] for running the Pi 2/3 in 64-bit mode.
1.70 gdt 53:
1.7 wiki 54: # Installation
1.53 gdt 55:
1.62 gdt 56: ## SD card structure
57:
1.86 gdt 58: The Raspberry Pi looks for firmware and kernel.img on the first FAT32 MBR partition of the uSD card. A separate kernel (kernel7.img) is used on RPI2 and RPI3.
59: The NetBSD kernel will then find NetBSD MBR partition and within that the root disklabel partition, and use that FFS partition as the root filesystem.
1.62 gdt 60:
1.86 gdt 61: A 2 GB card is the smallest workable size, and the installation image will fit. After the first boot, the system resizes the NetBSD root partition to fill the card. Note that swap is after /boot and before /, and not contained in the NetBSD fdisk partition. However, if you don't try to change the partition structure, this should not cause you any trouble.
1.63 gdt 62:
1.62 gdt 63: ## Choosing a version
64:
1.71 gdt 65: First, decide if you want to install a formal release (7.2 or 8.0), a stable branch build (netbsd-7, netbsd-8), or NetBSD-current. For people who don't know how to choose among those, 8.0 or netbsd-8 is probably best.
1.65 gdt 66:
67: See also "ebijun's image", below, which is NetBSD-current and includes packages.
1.58 gdt 68:
69: ## Getting bits to install
70:
71: You can either build a release yourself with build.sh, or get one from the NetBSD FTP servers.
72:
1.65 gdt 73: Both will provide rpi.img.gz and rpi_inst.img.gz. Each is an image to be written to a uSD card, and has a FAT32 partition for booting. In rpi.img.gz, there is also an FFS partition for NetBSD.
1.58 gdt 74:
75: ### Building yourself
76:
1.84 gdt 77: Getting sources and building a release with build.sh is not special for evbarm. However, the evbarm port has a very large number of CPU types, compared to i386 and amd64 which have one. The standard approach is to use -m to define MACHINE and -a to define MACHINE_ARCH. build.sh supports aliases that can be passed as a MACHINE value, but denote both MACHINE and a MACHINE_ARCH. The third line uses an alias and is equal to the second in effect, for RPI2/3.
1.66 gdt 78:
1.59 gdt 79: - ./build.sh -m evbarm -a earmv6hf -u release
80: - ./build.sh -m evbarm -a earmv7hf -u release
1.81 gdt 81: - ./build.sh -m earmv7hf-el -u release
82:
83: Consider setting RELEASEMACHINEDIR if you wish to build multiple MACHINE_ARCH values on the same system; see build.sh.
1.58 gdt 84:
1.85 gdt 85: ### NetBSD autobuild HTTPS/FTP servers
1.58 gdt 86:
1.85 gdt 87: NetBSD provides nightly builds on [nyftp.netbsd.org](https://nyftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/). These are equivalent to building yourself. The next directory level is the branch being built (netbsd-7, netbsd-8, HEAD, and more), plus optionally things like compiler type. It is followed by date/time, e.g. "HEAD/201811051650Z"; once a build is complete the symlink "latest" is adjusted to point to it. The next level is "${MACHINE}-${MACHINE_ARCH}", e.g. "evbarm-earmv7hf", and multiple combinations are provided.
1.58 gdt 88:
1.85 gdt 89: - The 'evbarm-earmv6hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an rpi.img file that will run on any of the RPI boards.
90: - The 'evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an armv7.img file that uses the armv7 instruction set, and thus can run only on the Raspberry Pi 2/3, but is also faster than rpi.img.
91:
92: An example URL, arguably the standard approach for beginners, is https://nyftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-8/latest/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/
1.58 gdt 93:
1.65 gdt 94: ## Preparing a uSD card
1.10 wiki 95:
1.65 gdt 96: Once you have rpi.img.gz (or rpi_inst), put it on a uSD card using gunzip and dd, for example:
1.14 wiki 97:
1.60 gdt 98: - gunzip rpi.img.gz
1.67 ryoon 99: - dd if=rpi.img of=/dev/disk1
1.14 wiki 100:
1.58 gdt 101: ### Serial Console
102:
103: By default the rpi.img is set to use the HDMI output. If you wish to use a serial console, first mount the FAT32 partition and then
104: edit cmdline.txt and remove '"console=fb"'.
1.14 wiki 105:
1.60 gdt 106: - Most (all?) USB-to-TTL serial adapters only connect Tx, Rx and ground, and do not connect any flow control lines. An effect of missing flow control is that you see console output, but cannot type anything. If so, adjust your serial console application's flow control settings to "none".
1.41 wiki 107:
1.60 gdt 108: In Kermit, the command is "set flow none".
1.41 wiki 109:
1.60 gdt 110: In minicom, run "minicom -s" and set hardware flow control to "no"
1.41 wiki 111:
1.65 gdt 112: ### Enabling ssh
113:
114: If you want to enable ssh with the standard image, so that you can log in over the net without either a serial or HDMI console, mount the ffs partition, place /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, uncomment PermitRootLogin in /etc/ssh/sshd_config, and comment out the rc_configure=NO in /etc/rc.conf. Besides having to find the IP address, you will have to wait for the partition resizing and reboot.
115:
1.58 gdt 116: ### Installation with sshramdisk image
117:
1.65 gdt 118: build.sh (and hence the FTP site) also creates an image 'rpi_inst.img.gz' specifically for installation without HDMI or a serial console. Note that this image is much smaller and that you will need to fetch the sets over the network. To use this method, write that image to a uSD card as above, and then:
1.53 gdt 119:
1.61 gdt 120: - Ensure that you have a lan with a DHCP server.
121: - Connect an Ethernet cable from the RPI to the LAN.
1.19 wiki 122: - After starting DHCP client, SSH login to with user "sysinst", and password "netbsd".
1.17 wiki 123: - Be careful to note the ip address given during DHCP so you don't lose your connection
124: - Also for after the sysinst is done and the system reboots
125: - sysinst started!
1.16 wiki 126:
1.55 gdt 127: ## Installation via ebijun's image
128:
1.58 gdt 129: As an alternative to the standard installation images, Jun Ebihara
130: provides an install image for Raspberry Pi that includes packages. It
131: is based on NetBSD-current and is built for earmv6hf, and thus will
132: work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3. This image is typically updated
133: every few weeks.
1.55 gdt 134:
1.56 gdt 135: - [https://github.com/ebijun/NetBSD/blob/master/RPI/RPIimage/Image/README](https://github.com/ebijun/NetBSD/blob/master/RPI/RPIimage/Image/README)
1.55 gdt 136:
1.74 gdt 137: # Maintaining a system
138:
1.78 gdt 139: ## vcgencmd
140:
1.80 gdt 141: The program vcgencmd, referenced in the boot section, can be found in pkgsrc/misc/raspberrypi-userland.
1.78 gdt 142:
1.53 gdt 143: ## Updating the kernel
1.46 schmonz 144:
1.42 wiki 145: - Build a new kernel, e.g. using build.sh. It will tell you where the ELF version of the kernel is, e.g.
146:
147: ...
148: Kernels built from RPI2:
149: /Users/feyrer/work/NetBSD/cvs/src-current/obj.evbarm-Darwin-XXX/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/RPI2/netbsd
150: ...
151:
1.69 rin 152: - Besides the "netbsd" kernel in ELF format, there is also a "netbsd.img" (for current) or "netbsd.bin" (for 7 and 8) kernel that is in a format that the Raspberry can boot.
1.48 sevan 153: - Depending on your hardware version, copy this either to /boot/kernel.img (First generation Pi, Pi Zero hardware) or to /boot/kernel7.img (Pi 2, Pi 3 hardware)
1.42 wiki 154: - reboot
155:
1.73 gdt 156: ## Updating the firmware
157:
158: A section below describes the process of updating NetBSD's copy of the firmware from upstream, with testing, by NetBSD developers. This section is about updating a system's firmware from the firmware in a version of NetBSD.
159:
1.87 ! gdt 160: \todo Explain where the firmware is in the source tree, and if it is in the installed system image (such as /usr/mdec). Explain any particular cautions.
1.73 gdt 161:
1.75 gdt 162: ## Booting
163:
1.79 gdt 164: The device boots by finding a file "bootcode.bin". The primary location is a FAT32 partition on the uSD card, and an additional location is on a USB drive. See the [upstream documentation on booting](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/) and read all the subpages.
1.75 gdt 165:
166: The standard approach is to use a uSD card, with a fdisk partition table containing a FAT32 partition marked active, and a NetBSD partition. The NetBSD partition will then contain a disklabel, pointing to an FFS partition (a), a swap paritiion (b) and the FAT32 boot partition mounted as /boot (e). The file /boot/cmdline.txt has a line to set the root partition.
167:
1.77 gdt 168: One wrinkle in the standard approach is that the disk layout is "boot swap /", but the NetBSD fdisk partition starts at the location of /. The / partition can hold a disklabel, while swap cannot. It is normal to have swap after / (and thus within the fdisk partition), but the arrangement used permits growing / on first boot, for the typical case where a larger uSD is used, compared to the minimum image size.
1.75 gdt 169:
1.77 gdt 170: An alternate approach is to have the boot FAT32 partition as above, but to have the entire system including root on an external disk. This is configured by changing root=ld0a to root=sd0a or root=dk0 (depending on disklabel/GPT). Besides greater space, part of the point is to avoid writing to the uSD card.
1.75 gdt 171:
1.80 gdt 172: A third approach, workable on the Pi 3 only, is to configure USB host booting (already enableed on the 3+; see the upstream documentation) and have the boot partition also on the external device. In this case the external device must have an MBR because the hardware's first-stage boot does not have GPT support. In theory the [procedure to program USB host boot mode](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md) will function on a NetBSD system because the programming is done by bootcode.bin.
173: \todo Confirm that putting program_usb_boot_mode=1 in config.txt and booting works to program the OTP bit. Confirm that one can then boot NetBSD from external USB.
1.75 gdt 174:
175: \todo Explain USB enumeration and how to ensure that the correct boot and root devices are found if one has e.g. a small SSD for the system and a big disk.
176:
1.24 wiki 177: # Wireless Networking
1.53 gdt 178:
1.75 gdt 179: Note that the built-in WiFi in the RPI3 is not yet supported. USB WiFi interfaces (that work on NetBSD in general) should all work.
1.53 gdt 180:
1.24 wiki 181: - A Realtek 802.11n USB adaptor configures as urtwn(4).
1.25 wiki 182: - Configure with wpa_supplicant in /etc/rc.conf -
1.24 wiki 183:
184: ifconfig_urtwn0=dhcp
185: dhcpcd=YES
186: dhcpcd_flags="-q -b"
187: wpa_supplicant=YES
188: wpa_supplicant_flags="-B -i urtwn0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf"
1.25 wiki 189: - A sample wpa_supplicant.conf can be found at /usr/share/examples/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
1.24 wiki 190:
1.27 wiki 191: # GPU
192:
193: ## Video playback
1.29 wiki 194: Accelerated video playback is supported in NetBSD 7 with the [OMXPlayer](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/omxplayer) application and through GStreamer with the [omx](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/gst-plugins1-omx) plugin.
1.27 wiki 195:
196: ## OpenGL ES
197: Accelerated OpenGL ES is supported in NetBSD 7. The GL ES client libraries are included with the [misc/raspberrypi-userland](http://pkgsrc.se/misc/raspberrypi-userland) package.
198:
1.28 wiki 199: ## Quake 3
1.27 wiki 200: A Raspberry Pi optimized build of *ioquake3* is available in the [games/ioquake3-raspberrypi](http://pkgsrc.se/games/ioquake3-raspberrypi) package. To use it, the following additional resources are required:
201:
202: - pak0.pk3 from Quake 3 CD
1.31 snj 203: - additional pak files from the [games/ioquake3-pk3](http://pkgsrc.se/games/ioquake3-pk3) package
1.27 wiki 204: - read/write permissions on /dev/vchiq and /dev/wsmouse
205:
1.31 snj 206: Place the pak0.pk3 file in the /usr/pkg/lib/ioquake3/baseq3 directory.
1.27 wiki 207:
1.32 wiki 208: ## RetroArch / Libretro
209: Using [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch) it is possible to run many emulators at full speed the Raspberry Pi. Emulator cores for various gaming consoles are available in the [emulators/libretro-*](http://pkgsrc.se/search.php?so=libretro-) packages. To begin using retroarch:
210:
211: - Install [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch)
212: - Install the libretro core for the system you would like to emulate (lets take [emulators/libretro-gambatte](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/libretro-gambatte), a GameBoy Color emulator, as an example).
213: - Plug in a USB HID compatible Gamepad, such as the Logitech F710 in "DirectInput" mode (set "D/X" switch to "D").
214: - Create a config file for your gamepad using *retroarch-joyconfig*.
215: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
1.35 wiki 216: $ retroarch-joyconfig -o gamepad.cfg
1.32 wiki 217: """]]
218: - Launch the emulator from the command-line (no X required):
219: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
220: $ retroarch --appendconfig gamepad.cfg -L /usr/pkg/lib/libretro/gambatte_libretro.so game.gbc
221: """]]
222:
1.53 gdt 223: # Developer notes
1.50 gdt 224:
1.53 gdt 225: These notes are for people working on improvements to RPI support in NetBSD.
1.50 gdt 226:
1.72 gdt 227: ## Updating the firmware version in the NetBSD sources
1.50 gdt 228:
1.72 gdt 229: (Note that trying new firmware may result in a non-bootable system, so
230: be prepared to recover the bootable media with another system.)
1.50 gdt 231:
1.72 gdt 232: Upstream firmware releases are
233: [on GitHub](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/releases).
234: Copy all files except `kernel*.img` into `/boot` and reboot.
235:
236: New firmware should pass all of the following tests before being committed to NetBSD.
1.50 gdt 237:
1.53 gdt 238: - Audio
239: - OMXPlayer (and [[!template id=man name="vchiq"]])
240: - Serial/framebuffer console
241: - CPU frequency scaling
1.50 gdt 242:
1.72 gdt 243: Tests shoudl be run on all of `rpi[0123]`.
1.1 jakllsch 244:
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