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1.1 jakllsch 1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm on Raspberry Pi"]]
2:
1.141 nia 3: This page describes the NetBSD/evbarm port on [Raspberry Pi](http://www.raspberrypi.org) hardware. All [board variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi#Specifications) earlier than the RPI4 are believed supported, and specific boards known to work are listed. We use e.g. "RPI2" to refer to "Raspberry Pi 2" to save precious bytes on this page.
1.39 wiki 4:
1.141 nia 5: Initial Raspberry Pi support was introduced in NetBSD 6.0. NetBSD 7.0 added complete support for the board, along with introducing support for the quad-core Raspberry Pi 2 board. Raspberry Pi 3 support was added for NetBSD 8. NetBSD 9 supports aarch64, meaning using the newer processors in 64-bit mode.
1.129 gdt 6:
1.3 wiki 7: [[images/raspberrypi.jpg]]
8:
1.26 wiki 9: [[!toc levels=2]]
10:
1.14 wiki 11: <small>([Raspberry Pi image](http://www.flickr.com/photos/42325803@N07/8118758647/) by Christopher Lee used under CC-By-2.0 license)</small>
1.3 wiki 12:
1.142 nia 13: # What works
1.123 gdt 14:
1.132 gdt 15: ## NetBSD 8
1.53 gdt 16:
1.102 gdt 17: - RPI1, RPI2, RPI2-1.2, RPI3, RPI3+ (except RPI3 builtin WiFi and bluetooth)
18: - RPI0 and RPI0W are expected to work (without WiFi, and one needs fdt files \todo where from?)
1.101 gdt 19: - multiple processors on RPI2/RPI3
1.74 gdt 20: - boots normally to multiuser, with FAT32 boot partition on uSD
21: - root filesystem can be uSD or USB-attached mass storage
1.53 gdt 22: - serial or graphics console (with EDID query / parsing)
1.74 gdt 23: - X11 via HDMI
24: - GPU (VCHIQ) - 3D and video decode. man page missing.
25: - USB host controller - dwctwo(4) and most devices work
1.142 nia 26: - Ethernet - usmsc(4), mue(4)
1.53 gdt 27: - DMA controller driver and sdhc(4) support
1.74 gdt 28: - RNG
1.53 gdt 29: - Audio: works. man page missing.
1.74 gdt 30: - GPIO
1.53 gdt 31: - I²C: works, could use enhancements, man page
32: - SPI: could use enhancements, man page
33:
1.123 gdt 34: ## NetBSD 9
35:
36: - aarch64 support (RPI3, and should work on all supported systems with 64-bit CPUs)
1.126 gdt 37: - RPI3 new SD host controller driver
1.123 gdt 38:
1.125 gdt 39: ## NetBSD current
1.53 gdt 40:
1.142 nia 41: - RPI4 (using EDK2 UEFI firmware)
42: - RPI4 Ethernet (Broadcom GENETv5) - genet(4)
1.141 nia 43: - RPI3/RPI4 audio with aarch64 kernels
44: - Previously the driver was only included with 32-bit (ARMv7/ARMv6)
45: kernels and images due to the Broadcom code having 64-bit cleanliness
46: issues.
1.101 gdt 47: - RPI3 builtin bluetooth
1.142 nia 48: - RPI3 and RPI0W builtin WiFi - bwfm(4)
49: - Big endian support
1.125 gdt 50:
1.102 gdt 51: ## What needs documenting if it works
52:
53: - CM1
54: - CM3
55: - CM3lite
56:
1.54 gdt 57: ## What needs work
1.53 gdt 58:
59: - USB (host); isochronous transfers.
1.105 gdt 60: - RPI0W Bluetooth Low Energy (probably)
1.141 nia 61: - DRM/KMS
1.53 gdt 62:
1.57 gdt 63: # CPU types
64:
1.101 gdt 65: - RPI1 uses "earmv6hf".
1.109 gdt 66: - RPI0 uses "earmv6hf".
67: - RPI0W uses "earmv6hf".
1.101 gdt 68: - RPI2 uses "earmv7hf".
1.142 nia 69: - RPI2-1.2 uses "earmv7hf" or "aarch64" (ARMv8 CPU hardware)
70: - RPI3 uses "earmv7hf" or "aarch64" (ARMv8 CPU hardware)
71: - RPI4 uses "aarch64" (ARMv8 CPU hardware)
1.57 gdt 72:
1.142 nia 73: Note that one can run a build of earmv6hf on the 2 and 3. There will still be a kernel7, built to use the 2/3 hardware, but with the armv6 instruction set. In theory the code compiled for earmv7hf will be faster, but anecdotal experience is that it doesn't matter that much. Builds of NetBSD for earlier revisions of ARM are unsupported.
1.96 gdt 74:
1.142 nia 75: # Installation
1.96 gdt 76:
1.142 nia 77: ## Using standard images
1.141 nia 78:
79: The simplest way is to download the appropriate SD card image from the NetBSD mirrors:
80:
81: - The Raspberry Pi 1 requires the ARMv6 [rpi.img.gz](http://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-9/latest/evbarm-earmv6hf/binary/gzimg/rpi.img.gz).
82: - The Raspberry Pi 2-3 can use the standard ARMv7 [armv7.img.gz](https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-9/latest/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/armv7.img.gz) image.
1.142 nia 83: - The Raspberry Pi 3 can also use [arm64.img.gz](https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-9/latest/evbarm-aarch64/binary/gzimg/arm64.img.gz).
1.141 nia 84:
85: Decompress it and write it to the SD card:
1.70 gdt 86:
1.141 nia 87: $ gunzip armv7.img.gz
88: $ dd if=armv7.img of=/dev/rld0d conv=sync bs=1m progress=1
89:
90: If you're not using NetBSD, your operating system's dd command's arguments may vary. On Windows, try [Rawrite32](https://www.netbsd.org/~martin/rawrite32/).
91:
92: The Raspberry Pi 4 requires the [UEFI firmware](https://github.com/pftf/RPi4/releases). Write the UEFI firmware to the SD card, and then insert an USB drive with the standard NetBSD `arm64.img` written to it. The Pi will then boot from USB.
93:
94: The Raspberry Pi 3 can also [boot NetBSD from UEFI firmware](https://washbear.neocities.org/rpi3-netbsd-uefi.html), but the installation process is currently more complicated. However, there are some advantages, so you might want to try anyway.
1.53 gdt 95:
1.62 gdt 96: ## SD card structure
97:
1.86 gdt 98: The Raspberry Pi looks for firmware and kernel.img on the first FAT32 MBR partition of the uSD card. A separate kernel (kernel7.img) is used on RPI2 and RPI3.
99: The NetBSD kernel will then find NetBSD MBR partition and within that the root disklabel partition, and use that FFS partition as the root filesystem.
1.62 gdt 100:
1.130 gutterid 101: A 2 GB card is the smallest workable size that the installation image will fit on. After the first boot, the system resizes the NetBSD root partition to fill the card. Note that swap is after /boot and before /, and not contained in the NetBSD fdisk partition. However, if you don't try to change the partition structure, this should not cause you any trouble.
1.63 gdt 102:
1.91 gdt 103: Note that SD cards generally have limited write tolerance, so you may wish to disable atime updates via the noatime option, as is done by the default installation.
104:
1.141 nia 105: ## Building yourself
1.58 gdt 106:
1.95 gdt 107: Getting sources and building a release with build.sh is not special for evbarm. However, the evbarm port has a very large number of CPU types, compared to i386 and amd64 which have one each. The standard approach is to use -m to define MACHINE and -a to define MACHINE_ARCH. build.sh supports aliases that can be passed as a MACHINE value, but denote both MACHINE and a MACHINE_ARCH. The third line uses an alias and is equal to the second, for RPI2/3. Note that the aliases start with "evb" while the MACHINE_ARCH values do not, and that aliases have "-el" or "-eb", while the MACHINE_ARCH values have no suffix or "eb".
1.66 gdt 108:
1.59 gdt 109: - ./build.sh -m evbarm -a earmv6hf -u release
110: - ./build.sh -m evbarm -a earmv7hf -u release
1.95 gdt 111: - ./build.sh -m evbearmv7hf-el -u release
1.81 gdt 112:
1.94 gdt 113: Consider setting RELEASEMACHINEDIR if you wish to build multiple MACHINE_ARCH values for a MACHINE; see build.sh. Use something like "evbarm-earmv7hf", so that 1) earvm6 and earmv7 don't collide and 2) anita will recognize it as a type of evbarm.
1.58 gdt 114:
1.89 gdt 115: ## Console approaches
116:
117: The standard approach is to use a USB keyboard and an HDMI monitor for installation.
118:
1.58 gdt 119: ### Serial Console
120:
1.89 gdt 121: By default the rpi.img is set to use the HDMI output. If you wish to use a serial console, mount the FAT32 partition on another system and edit cmdline.txt and remove '"console=fb"'.
1.14 wiki 122:
1.127 gdt 123: - Most (all?) USB-to-TTL serial adapters have wires for TX, RX and ground, and not RTS/CTS or other flow control lines. Thus, your terminal program (or terminal) must be configured to not require flow control; a symptom of misconfiguration is that you see console output, but cannot type anything. If so, adjust your serial console application's flow control settings to "none". The serial port is at 115200 baud.
1.41 wiki 124:
1.127 gdt 125: - In Kermit, the commands are "set flow none", "set carrier-watch off", "set baud 115200", and, often on NetBSD, "set line /dev/dtyU0".
1.89 gdt 126: - In minicom, run "minicom -s" and set hardware flow control to "no".
1.41 wiki 127:
1.89 gdt 128: ### Enabling ssh for installation without any console
1.41 wiki 129:
1.89 gdt 130: If you want to enable ssh with the standard image, so that you can log in over the net without either a serial or HDMI console, you can edit the configuration of a uSD card before booting. On another computer, mount the ffs partition, place /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, uncomment PermitRootLogin in /etc/ssh/sshd_config, and comment out the rc_configure=NO in /etc/rc.conf. Besides having to find the IP address (e.g. from DHCP server logs), you will have to wait for the partition resizing and reboot.
1.65 gdt 131:
1.89 gdt 132: ### Installation with sshramdisk image
1.65 gdt 133:
1.89 gdt 134: build.sh (and hence the FTP site) also creates an image 'rpi_inst.img.gz' specifically for installation without HDMI or a serial console, when built for earmv6hf. Note that this image is much smaller and that you will need to fetch the sets over the network. To use this method, write that image to a uSD card as above, and then:
1.58 gdt 135:
1.89 gdt 136: - Connect an Ethernet cable from the RPI to a LAN with a DHCP server, and another host you can use for ssh.
137: - Power on the RPI, and wait. Watch the logs on the DHCP server, and find the IP address assigned to the RPI.
1.130 gutterid 138: - Use ssh to log in to the address you found with user "sysinst", and password "netbsd".
1.89 gdt 139: - When installing, ensure that you enable DHCP and ssh, so that you can log in again after the system is installed.
1.53 gdt 140:
1.107 gdt 141: The rpi_inst.img.gz image will only work for systems that use earmv6hf kernels (so not RPI2/3). See [this port-arm message](https://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arm/2017/08/18/msg004374.html) for details.
142:
1.55 gdt 143: ## Installation via ebijun's image
144:
1.58 gdt 145: As an alternative to the standard installation images, Jun Ebihara
146: provides an install image for Raspberry Pi that includes packages. It
147: is based on NetBSD-current and is built for earmv6hf, and thus will
148: work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3. This image is typically updated
149: every few weeks.
1.55 gdt 150:
1.121 cnst 151: - <https://github.com/ebijun/NetBSD/blob/master/RPI/RPIimage/Image/README>
1.55 gdt 152:
1.137 gdt 153: ## Boot Process
154:
155: https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/configuration/config-txt/boot.md
156:
1.138 gdt 157: ### DTBs
158:
1.137 gdt 159: Note that generally, a single dtb is loaded. On NetBSD 9, the dtb
160: file for the system is loaded by the bootloader (in flash).
161:
1.140 gdt 162: The RPI bootloader looks for a magic string in a trailer after the kernel to determine if it should use DTB support (the new normal) or something called ATAG (apparently the old way). See [upstream commit introducing DTB trailer](https://github.com/raspberrypi/linux/commit/2367d8a42e2717d8d15a39a9085cc2909fae033a#diff-8f088aca645d10d79b594d58db4136f3e09caee077fe373bb08f02f2040900a9) for more information.
1.138 gdt 163:
1.139 gdt 164: ### Kernel format variants
165:
166: In netbsd-8, only the ELF and bin variants of RPI2 are built. The bin version is used.
167:
168: In netbsd-9 releasedir/binary/kernels, the following 4 versions of GENERIC are produced. (This might be the same in current.)
169:
170: #### netbsd-GENERIC.gz
171:
172: This is regular ELF and not used on RPI.
173:
174: #### netbsd-GENERIC.bin.gz
175:
176: It is unclear why this file exists on 9. It seems to be like img, but without the trailer for DTB; this makes sense for 8.
177:
178: #### netbsd-GENERIC.img.gz
179:
180: On NetBSD >=9, the kernel with the .img suffix has the trailer to cause the bootloader to load DTB files.
181:
182: #### netbsd-GENERIC.ub.gz
183:
184: This is for u-boot and not used on RPI.
185:
1.98 gdt 186: ## Configuring 802.11
1.139 gdt 187:
1.98 gdt 188: After installation, the Ethernet will function as on any other NetBSD system; simply enable dhcpcd or configure a static address. USB WiFi devices will also function as on any other NetBSD system; in addition to dhcpcd or static, configure and enable wpa_supplicant.
189:
190: Note that the built-in WiFi in the RPI3 is not yet supported. USB WiFi interfaces (that work on NetBSD in general) should all work. In particular, the following are known to work:
191:
192: - urtwn0: Realtek (0xbda) 802.11n WLAN Adapter (0x8176), rev 2.00/2.00, addr 5, MAC/BB RTL8188CUS, RF 6052 1T1R
193:
1.90 gdt 194: ## Links
195:
196: The following pages have been published by NetBSD community members. (Note that some of them are old.)
197:
1.130 gutterid 198: - <https://www.cambus.net/netbsd-on-the-raspberry-pi/>
1.90 gdt 199:
1.74 gdt 200: # Maintaining a system
201:
1.127 gdt 202: ## Booting single user
203:
204: \todo Describe how to boot single user via the serial console and via the fb console.
205:
1.78 gdt 206: ## vcgencmd
207:
1.80 gdt 208: The program vcgencmd, referenced in the boot section, can be found in pkgsrc/misc/raspberrypi-userland.
1.78 gdt 209:
1.53 gdt 210: ## Updating the kernel
1.46 schmonz 211:
1.131 gdt 212: - Run uname -a to determine the name of the config of your current kernel. For NetBSD <= 8, one ran RPI or RPI2. For NetBSD >=9, one uses GENERIC.
213: - Build a new kernel, e.g. using build.sh. Ideally, run "build.sh release" and look in releasedir/binary/kernels. If building just a kernel, it will tell you where the ELF version of the kernel is, e.g.
1.42 wiki 214: ...
1.131 gdt 215: Kernels built from GENERIC:
216: /Users/feyrer/work/NetBSD/cvs/src-current/obj.evbarm-Darwin-XXX/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/GENERIC/netbsd
1.42 wiki 217: ...
1.131 gdt 218: - There are multiple kernel formats produced by a release build, for use with different boot loader schemes.. For GENERIC:
219: - netbsd-GENERIC: A normal kernel in ELF format.
220: - netbsd-GENERIC.img: In NetBSD >= 9, formatted for the RPI bootloader.
221: - netbsd-GENERIC.bin: In NetBSD <= 8, formatted for the RPI bootloader. In NetBSD >= 9, ?????? In NetBSD 9, this kernel WILL NOT boot.
222: - netbsd-GENERIC.ub: A kernel in uboot format.
1.48 sevan 223: - Depending on your hardware version, copy this either to /boot/kernel.img (First generation Pi, Pi Zero hardware) or to /boot/kernel7.img (Pi 2, Pi 3 hardware)
1.42 wiki 224: - reboot
225:
1.127 gdt 226: \todo Explain if updating firmware is necessary when e.g. moving from 8 to 9, or 9 to current.
227:
1.131 gdt 228: ## Updating dtb files
229:
1.137 gdt 230: ### NetBSD 8
231:
1.141 nia 232: On NetBSD 8, dtb files are not used.
1.137 gdt 233:
234: ### NetBSD 9
235:
1.136 gdt 236: Build a release. gunzip the armv7.img, vnconfig it, and mount the MSDOS partition (e) e.g. on /mnt. Copy the dtb files from /mnt/foo.dtb to /boot, and from /mnt/dtb/foo.dtb to /boot/dtb.
1.131 gdt 237:
1.135 gdt 238: It seems that some systems, including RPI, require dtb files in /boot, and some expect them in /boot/dtb.
239:
1.137 gdt 240: ### NetBSD current
241:
242: When updating, ensure that /boot is mounted and that you unpack the dtb set.
243:
1.73 gdt 244: ## Updating the firmware
245:
1.135 gdt 246: It is highly likely that running NetBSD from a given branch X with firmware from a branch Y < X will not go well. It is unclear if firmware from a branch Y > X will work. It is standard practice to use firmware from the right branch.
1.131 gdt 247:
1.73 gdt 248: A section below describes the process of updating NetBSD's copy of the firmware from upstream, with testing, by NetBSD developers. This section is about updating a system's firmware from the firmware in a version of NetBSD.
249:
1.131 gdt 250: (Updating the firmware is harder than it should be.)
251: Build a release. gunzip the armv7.img, vnconfig it, and mount the MSDOS partition (e) e.g. on /mnt. Copy files from that to /boot that have changes, carefully.
252:
253: Relevant files include bootcode.bin, start.elf and start_cd.elf.
254:
255: Compare cmdline.txt, but beware that just overwriting it will lose customizations like using the serial console instead of the framebuffer.
256:
1.127 gdt 257: \todo Explain where the firmware is in the source tree, and note that it is not in the installed system image (such as /usr/mdec). Explain how to update a system (presumably /boot) from either an installed system's new firmware files, or the source tree. Explain any particular cautions.
1.101 gdt 258:
1.99 gdt 259: \todo Explain if using updated firmware from one branch (e.g. netbsd-current) on a system using a different branch (e.g. netbsd-8) is safe. Explain if pullups are done to release branches with new firmware.
260:
1.75 gdt 261: ## Booting
262:
1.79 gdt 263: The device boots by finding a file "bootcode.bin". The primary location is a FAT32 partition on the uSD card, and an additional location is on a USB drive. See the [upstream documentation on booting](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/) and read all the subpages.
1.75 gdt 264:
1.112 gdt 265: The standard approach is to use a uSD card, with a fdisk partition table containing a FAT32 partition marked active, and a NetBSD partition. The NetBSD partition will then contain a disklabel, pointing to an FFS partition (a), a swap partition (b) and the FAT32 boot partition mounted as /boot (e). The file /boot/cmdline.txt has a line to set the root partition.
1.75 gdt 266:
1.112 gdt 267: One wrinkle in the standard approach is that the disk layout is "boot swap /", but the NetBSD fdisk partition starts at the location of /, so the swap partition is not within the NetBSD fdisk partition. The / partition can hold a disklabel, while swap cannot. It is normal to have swap after / (and thus within the fdisk partition), but the arrangement used permits growing / on first boot, for the typical case where a larger uSD is used, compared to the minimum image size.
1.75 gdt 268:
1.77 gdt 269: An alternate approach is to have the boot FAT32 partition as above, but to have the entire system including root on an external disk. This is configured by changing root=ld0a to root=sd0a or root=dk0 (depending on disklabel/GPT). Besides greater space, part of the point is to avoid writing to the uSD card.
1.75 gdt 270:
1.130 gutterid 271: A third approach, workable on the Pi 3 only, is to configure USB host booting (already enabled on the 3+; see the upstream documentation) and have the boot partition also on the external device. In this case the external device must have an MBR because the hardware's first-stage boot does not have GPT support. In theory the [procedure to program USB host boot mode](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md) will function on a NetBSD system because the programming is done by bootcode.bin.
1.80 gdt 272: \todo Confirm that putting program_usb_boot_mode=1 in config.txt and booting works to program the OTP bit. Confirm that one can then boot NetBSD from external USB.
1.75 gdt 273:
1.101 gdt 274: There is no well-defined USB enumeration order, so the preferred approach if one has multiple USB mass storage devices is to use named wedges in both fstab and cmdline.txt.
1.75 gdt 275:
1.113 gdt 276: ## Split-mode aarch32/aarch64
277:
278: \todo Verify this, and add any necessary cautions about boot code.
279:
1.130 gutterid 280: The aarch64 kernel can run aarch32 binaries, so one can boot an aarch64 kernel on a system with an aarch32 userland.
1.113 gdt 281:
1.93 gdt 282: # X11 and GPU
283:
1.141 nia 284: Video acceleration currently only works with 32-bit (ARMv7 and ARMv6) kernels due to the Broadcom code not being 64-bit clean.
285:
286: Since applications require specialized support for the GPU, only a few applications are normally accelerated. NetBSD/aarch64 normally uses `llvmpipe` to provide fast parallel CPU-driven support for OpenGL, so should be faster when running normal applications.
287:
288: The situation should be improved, ideally by writing a DRM/KMS driver.
289:
1.27 wiki 290: ## Video playback
1.128 gdt 291:
1.132 gdt 292: Accelerated video playback is supported with the [OMXPlayer](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/omxplayer) application and through GStreamer with the [omx](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/gst-plugins1-omx) plugin.
1.27 wiki 293:
294: ## OpenGL ES
1.128 gdt 295:
1.132 gdt 296: Accelerated OpenGL ES is supported. The GL ES client libraries are included with the [misc/raspberrypi-userland](http://pkgsrc.se/misc/raspberrypi-userland) package.
1.27 wiki 297:
1.28 wiki 298: ## Quake 3
1.128 gdt 299:
1.27 wiki 300: A Raspberry Pi optimized build of *ioquake3* is available in the [games/ioquake3-raspberrypi](http://pkgsrc.se/games/ioquake3-raspberrypi) package. To use it, the following additional resources are required:
301:
302: - pak0.pk3 from Quake 3 CD
1.31 snj 303: - additional pak files from the [games/ioquake3-pk3](http://pkgsrc.se/games/ioquake3-pk3) package
1.27 wiki 304: - read/write permissions on /dev/vchiq and /dev/wsmouse
305:
1.31 snj 306: Place the pak0.pk3 file in the /usr/pkg/lib/ioquake3/baseq3 directory.
1.27 wiki 307:
1.32 wiki 308: ## RetroArch / Libretro
1.128 gdt 309:
1.32 wiki 310: Using [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch) it is possible to run many emulators at full speed the Raspberry Pi. Emulator cores for various gaming consoles are available in the [emulators/libretro-*](http://pkgsrc.se/search.php?so=libretro-) packages. To begin using retroarch:
311:
312: - Install [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch)
313: - Install the libretro core for the system you would like to emulate (lets take [emulators/libretro-gambatte](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/libretro-gambatte), a GameBoy Color emulator, as an example).
1.118 nia 314: - Make sure your user has read and write permissions on `/dev/vchiq`.
315: - Plug in a USB HID compatible Gamepad, such as the Logitech F710 in "DirectInput" mode (set "D/X" switch to "D"). Note that since the framebuffer GL driver will not allow for keyboard input in RetroArch, you will have to copy your joypad configuration from another system.
316: - Configure retroarch by editing $HOME/.config/retroarch/retroarch.cfg:
317: video_driver = "gl"
318: input_driver = "null"
319: joypad_driver = "sdl2"
1.116 nia 320: menu_driver = "rgui"
1.32 wiki 321:
1.53 gdt 322: # Developer notes
1.50 gdt 323:
1.53 gdt 324: These notes are for people working on improvements to RPI support in NetBSD.
1.50 gdt 325:
1.72 gdt 326: ## Updating the firmware version in the NetBSD sources
1.50 gdt 327:
1.72 gdt 328: (Note that trying new firmware may result in a non-bootable system, so
329: be prepared to recover the bootable media with another system.)
1.50 gdt 330:
1.72 gdt 331: Upstream firmware releases are
332: [on GitHub](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/releases).
333: Copy all files except `kernel*.img` into `/boot` and reboot.
334:
335: New firmware should pass all of the following tests before being committed to NetBSD.
1.50 gdt 336:
1.53 gdt 337: - Audio
338: - OMXPlayer (and [[!template id=man name="vchiq"]])
339: - Serial/framebuffer console
340: - CPU frequency scaling
1.50 gdt 341:
1.92 gdt 342: Tests should be run on all of `rpi[0123]`.
1.94 gdt 343:
344: ## Testing with anita and qemu
345:
1.111 gdt 346: See the anita section in the evbarm page.
1.94 gdt 347:
1.110 gdt 348: It is not currently known how to emulate a RPI in qemu, and therefore anita does not yet have support for this. \todo Add a command-line example to run qemu emulating some RPI model.
1.119 leot 349:
1.128 gdt 350: # Misc notes
1.119 leot 351:
352: Miscellaneous notes about Raspberry PI.
353:
354: ## Power supply needed (or: why there is a little rainbow square in the top-right corner?)
1.128 gdt 355:
1.119 leot 356: Raspberry Pi devices are powered by 5V micro USB and a 2.5A (2500mA)
1.124 gdt 357: power supply is recommended. For more information please read:
1.119 leot 358:
359: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/faqs/#pi-power>
360:
361: Power glitches can also manifest in other ways, e.g. with an USB
362: disk plugged:
363:
364: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
365: sd0(umass0:0:0:0): generic HBA error
366: sd0: cache synchronization failed
367: """]]
368:
1.124 gdt 369: Using a recommended power supply avoid such issues.
1.119 leot 370:
371: ## Xenon death flash (Raspberry Pi 2 is camera-shy)
1.128 gdt 372:
1.119 leot 373: When using laser pointers or xenon flashes in cameras (or other
374: flashes of high-intensity long-wave light) against a Raspberry Pi
375: 2 the Pi can power itself off.
376: For more information please read:
377:
378: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/xenon-death-flash-a-free-physics-lesson/>

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