Annotation of wikisrc/ports/evbarm/raspberry_pi.mdwn, revision 1.130
1.1 jakllsch 1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm on Raspberry Pi"]]
2:
1.130 ! gutterid 3: This page describes the NetBSD/evbarm port on [Raspberry Pi](http://www.raspberrypi.org) hardware. All [board variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi#Specifications) earlier than the RPI4 are believed supported, and specific boards known to work are listed. We use e.g. "RPI2" to refer to "Raspberry Pi 2" to save precious bytes on this page. This web page is still 32-bit (aarch32) centric, even though as of mid-2020 aarch64 is also a normal approach.
1.39 wiki 4:
1.127 gdt 5: Initial, limited, Raspberry Pi support was introduced in NetBSD 6.0. NetBSD 7.0 added complete support for the board, along with introducing support for the quad-core Raspberry Pi 2 board. Raspberry Pi 3 support was added for NetBSD 8. NetBSD 9 supports aarch64, meaning using the newer processors in 64-bit mode (via -current in mid 2018).
1.39 wiki 6:
1.127 gdt 7: Overall, this page takes the view that NetBSD 7 and earlier are obsolete; aside from history, it is written as if those versions don't exist.
1.114 gdt 8:
1.129 gdt 9: The HOWTO is written for what works on formal releases, release branches (e.g. netbsd-9) and NetBSD-current. It purposefully does not contain instructions about how to get things to work by installing code that is still being tested and not yet in -current.
10:
1.3 wiki 11: [[images/raspberrypi.jpg]]
12:
1.26 wiki 13: [[!toc levels=2]]
14:
1.14 wiki 15: <small>([Raspberry Pi image](http://www.flickr.com/photos/42325803@N07/8118758647/) by Christopher Lee used under CC-By-2.0 license)</small>
1.3 wiki 16:
1.54 gdt 17: # What works (and what doesn't yet)
1.53 gdt 18:
1.123 gdt 19: "Works" is primarily relative to the earmv6hf-el and earmv7hf-el CPU targets (32-bit).
20:
1.70 gdt 21: ## NetBSD 7 and NetBSD 8
1.53 gdt 22:
1.102 gdt 23: - RPI1, RPI2, RPI2-1.2, RPI3, RPI3+ (except RPI3 builtin WiFi and bluetooth)
24: - RPI0 and RPI0W are expected to work (without WiFi, and one needs fdt files \todo where from?)
1.101 gdt 25: - multiple processors on RPI2/RPI3
1.74 gdt 26: - boots normally to multiuser, with FAT32 boot partition on uSD
27: - root filesystem can be uSD or USB-attached mass storage
1.53 gdt 28: - serial or graphics console (with EDID query / parsing)
1.74 gdt 29: - X11 via HDMI
30: - GPU (VCHIQ) - 3D and video decode. man page missing.
31: - USB host controller - dwctwo(4) and most devices work
32: - USB Ethernet - usmsc(4)
1.53 gdt 33: - DMA controller driver and sdhc(4) support
1.74 gdt 34: - RNG
1.53 gdt 35: - Audio: works. man page missing.
1.74 gdt 36: - GPIO
1.53 gdt 37: - I²C: works, could use enhancements, man page
38: - SPI: could use enhancements, man page
39:
1.123 gdt 40: ## NetBSD 9
41:
42: - aarch64 support (RPI3, and should work on all supported systems with 64-bit CPUs)
1.126 gdt 43: - RPI3 new SD host controller driver
1.123 gdt 44:
1.125 gdt 45: ## NetBSD current
1.53 gdt 46:
1.101 gdt 47: - RPI3 builtin bluetooth
1.53 gdt 48:
1.125 gdt 49: ## (maybe) NetBSD current, with manual steps
50:
51: These items do not work in the sense that they simply function after a standard install. Being listed here implies only that there has been list traffic that implies that after taking a bunch of steps (e.g. new firmware, new dtbs, enabling drivers, applying patches), one can end up with the feature working. The HOWTO explicitly refrains from describing these steps because they are ephemeral. However, the fact that list traffic indicates success is possible is a clue that proper support is on the horizon, and that is notable.
52:
1.127 gdt 53: - RPI3 and RPI0W builtin WiFi
1.125 gdt 54:
1.102 gdt 55: ## What needs documenting if it works
56:
57: - CM1
58: - CM3
59: - CM3lite
60:
1.54 gdt 61: ## What needs work
1.53 gdt 62:
1.122 gdt 63: - RPI4 (as of 2020-01, still does not work in current)
1.53 gdt 64: - USB (host); isochronous transfers.
1.105 gdt 65: - RPI0W Bluetooth Low Energy (probably)
1.53 gdt 66:
1.57 gdt 67: # CPU types
68:
1.101 gdt 69: - RPI1 uses "earmv6hf".
1.109 gdt 70: - RPI0 uses "earmv6hf".
71: - RPI0W uses "earmv6hf".
1.101 gdt 72: - RPI2 uses "earmv7hf".
1.113 gdt 73: - RPI2-1.2 uses "earmv7hf" or "aarch64" (armv8 CPU hardware)
74: - RPI3 uses "earmv7hf" or "aarch64" (armv8 CPU hardware)
1.127 gdt 75: - RPI4 \todo
1.57 gdt 76:
1.101 gdt 77: Note that one can run a build of earmv6hf on the 2 and 3. There will still be a kernel7, built to use the 2/3 hardware, but with the armv6 instruction set.
1.96 gdt 78:
1.127 gdt 79: In theory the code compiled for earmv7hf will be faster, but anecdotal experience is that it doesn't matter that much. \todo Post a link to a quality benchmark.
1.97 gdt 80:
1.130 ! gutterid 81: While the evbarm port has "eb" variants (for big-endian mode), the RPI systems do not support eb and these variants will not work. Systems built for older CPU architectures (earm, earmv4, earmv5) are not expected to work on RPI.
1.96 gdt 82:
1.113 gdt 83: The RPI2-1.2 and RPI3 have an armv8 CPU that supports aarch64 (64-bit
84: mode) in addition to aarch32 (regular 32-bit ARM). This is supported,
1.127 gdt 85: from 9 onwards, by the "aarch64" MACHINE_ARCH of evbarm, also
1.123 gdt 86: available in build.sh via the alias evbarm64. This is also
1.113 gdt 87: referred to as [[NetBSD/aarch64|aarch64]].
1.70 gdt 88:
1.7 wiki 89: # Installation
1.53 gdt 90:
1.62 gdt 91: ## SD card structure
92:
1.86 gdt 93: The Raspberry Pi looks for firmware and kernel.img on the first FAT32 MBR partition of the uSD card. A separate kernel (kernel7.img) is used on RPI2 and RPI3.
94: The NetBSD kernel will then find NetBSD MBR partition and within that the root disklabel partition, and use that FFS partition as the root filesystem.
1.62 gdt 95:
1.130 ! gutterid 96: A 2 GB card is the smallest workable size that the installation image will fit on. After the first boot, the system resizes the NetBSD root partition to fill the card. Note that swap is after /boot and before /, and not contained in the NetBSD fdisk partition. However, if you don't try to change the partition structure, this should not cause you any trouble.
1.63 gdt 97:
1.91 gdt 98: Note that SD cards generally have limited write tolerance, so you may wish to disable atime updates via the noatime option, as is done by the default installation.
99:
1.62 gdt 100: ## Choosing a version
101:
1.127 gdt 102: First, decide if you want to install a formal release (8.0 or 9.0), a stable branch build (netbsd-8, netbsd-9), or NetBSD-current. For people who don't know how to choose among those, a recent build of netbsd-9 is probably best, with 9.0 the choice for those who value being at exactly a formal release.
1.65 gdt 103:
104: See also "ebijun's image", below, which is NetBSD-current and includes packages.
1.58 gdt 105:
106: ## Getting bits to install
107:
1.96 gdt 108: You can either build a release yourself with build.sh, or get a release from the NetBSD HTTPS/FTP servers. The bits from both sources should match, except for things like timestamps, or because the sources are from slightly different points along branches.
1.58 gdt 109:
110: ### Building yourself
111:
1.95 gdt 112: Getting sources and building a release with build.sh is not special for evbarm. However, the evbarm port has a very large number of CPU types, compared to i386 and amd64 which have one each. The standard approach is to use -m to define MACHINE and -a to define MACHINE_ARCH. build.sh supports aliases that can be passed as a MACHINE value, but denote both MACHINE and a MACHINE_ARCH. The third line uses an alias and is equal to the second, for RPI2/3. Note that the aliases start with "evb" while the MACHINE_ARCH values do not, and that aliases have "-el" or "-eb", while the MACHINE_ARCH values have no suffix or "eb".
1.66 gdt 113:
1.59 gdt 114: - ./build.sh -m evbarm -a earmv6hf -u release
115: - ./build.sh -m evbarm -a earmv7hf -u release
1.95 gdt 116: - ./build.sh -m evbearmv7hf-el -u release
1.81 gdt 117:
1.94 gdt 118: Consider setting RELEASEMACHINEDIR if you wish to build multiple MACHINE_ARCH values for a MACHINE; see build.sh. Use something like "evbarm-earmv7hf", so that 1) earvm6 and earmv7 don't collide and 2) anita will recognize it as a type of evbarm.
1.58 gdt 119:
1.85 gdt 120: ### NetBSD autobuild HTTPS/FTP servers
1.58 gdt 121:
1.115 sevan 122: NetBSD provides nightly builds on [nycdn.netbsd.org](https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/). The next directory level is the branch being built (netbsd-7, netbsd-8, HEAD, and more), plus optionally things like compiler type. It is followed by date/time, e.g. "HEAD/201811051650Z"; once a build is complete the symlink "latest" is adjusted to point to it. The next level is "${MACHINE}-${MACHINE_ARCH}", e.g. "evbarm-earmv7hf", and multiple combinations are provided.
1.58 gdt 123:
1.130 ! gutterid 124: An example URL, arguably the standard approach for first-time NetBSD/RPI users, is <https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-8/latest/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/>
1.95 gdt 125:
126: ### release layout
127:
1.96 gdt 128: Once you get to the releasedir, self-built and autobuild releases have the same structure.
129:
1.85 gdt 130: - The 'evbarm-earmv6hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an rpi.img file that will run on any of the RPI boards.
1.103 gdt 131: - The 'evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an armv7.img file that uses the armv7 instruction set, and thus can run only on the RPI2 and RPI3 (and perhaps the CM3). It also supports systems other than the RPI family.
1.85 gdt 132:
1.95 gdt 133: \todo Explain why there is no armv7_inst.gz.
1.58 gdt 134:
1.65 gdt 135: ## Preparing a uSD card
1.10 wiki 136:
1.107 gdt 137: Once you have rpi.img.gz (or rpi_inst for earmv6 boards), put it on a uSD card using gunzip and dd, for example:
1.14 wiki 138:
1.60 gdt 139: - gunzip rpi.img.gz
1.67 ryoon 140: - dd if=rpi.img of=/dev/disk1
1.14 wiki 141:
1.89 gdt 142: ## Console approaches
143:
144: The standard approach is to use a USB keyboard and an HDMI monitor for installation.
145:
1.58 gdt 146: ### Serial Console
147:
1.89 gdt 148: By default the rpi.img is set to use the HDMI output. If you wish to use a serial console, mount the FAT32 partition on another system and edit cmdline.txt and remove '"console=fb"'.
1.14 wiki 149:
1.127 gdt 150: - Most (all?) USB-to-TTL serial adapters have wires for TX, RX and ground, and not RTS/CTS or other flow control lines. Thus, your terminal program (or terminal) must be configured to not require flow control; a symptom of misconfiguration is that you see console output, but cannot type anything. If so, adjust your serial console application's flow control settings to "none". The serial port is at 115200 baud.
1.41 wiki 151:
1.127 gdt 152: - In Kermit, the commands are "set flow none", "set carrier-watch off", "set baud 115200", and, often on NetBSD, "set line /dev/dtyU0".
1.89 gdt 153: - In minicom, run "minicom -s" and set hardware flow control to "no".
1.41 wiki 154:
1.89 gdt 155: ### Enabling ssh for installation without any console
1.41 wiki 156:
1.89 gdt 157: If you want to enable ssh with the standard image, so that you can log in over the net without either a serial or HDMI console, you can edit the configuration of a uSD card before booting. On another computer, mount the ffs partition, place /root/.ssh/authorized_keys, uncomment PermitRootLogin in /etc/ssh/sshd_config, and comment out the rc_configure=NO in /etc/rc.conf. Besides having to find the IP address (e.g. from DHCP server logs), you will have to wait for the partition resizing and reboot.
1.65 gdt 158:
1.89 gdt 159: ### Installation with sshramdisk image
1.65 gdt 160:
1.89 gdt 161: build.sh (and hence the FTP site) also creates an image 'rpi_inst.img.gz' specifically for installation without HDMI or a serial console, when built for earmv6hf. Note that this image is much smaller and that you will need to fetch the sets over the network. To use this method, write that image to a uSD card as above, and then:
1.58 gdt 162:
1.89 gdt 163: - Connect an Ethernet cable from the RPI to a LAN with a DHCP server, and another host you can use for ssh.
164: - Power on the RPI, and wait. Watch the logs on the DHCP server, and find the IP address assigned to the RPI.
1.130 ! gutterid 165: - Use ssh to log in to the address you found with user "sysinst", and password "netbsd".
1.89 gdt 166: - When installing, ensure that you enable DHCP and ssh, so that you can log in again after the system is installed.
1.53 gdt 167:
1.107 gdt 168: The rpi_inst.img.gz image will only work for systems that use earmv6hf kernels (so not RPI2/3). See [this port-arm message](https://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arm/2017/08/18/msg004374.html) for details.
169:
1.55 gdt 170: ## Installation via ebijun's image
171:
1.58 gdt 172: As an alternative to the standard installation images, Jun Ebihara
173: provides an install image for Raspberry Pi that includes packages. It
174: is based on NetBSD-current and is built for earmv6hf, and thus will
175: work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3. This image is typically updated
176: every few weeks.
1.55 gdt 177:
1.121 cnst 178: - <https://github.com/ebijun/NetBSD/blob/master/RPI/RPIimage/Image/README>
1.55 gdt 179:
1.98 gdt 180: ## Configuring 802.11
181:
182: After installation, the Ethernet will function as on any other NetBSD system; simply enable dhcpcd or configure a static address. USB WiFi devices will also function as on any other NetBSD system; in addition to dhcpcd or static, configure and enable wpa_supplicant.
183:
184: Note that the built-in WiFi in the RPI3 is not yet supported. USB WiFi interfaces (that work on NetBSD in general) should all work. In particular, the following are known to work:
185:
186: - urtwn0: Realtek (0xbda) 802.11n WLAN Adapter (0x8176), rev 2.00/2.00, addr 5, MAC/BB RTL8188CUS, RF 6052 1T1R
187:
1.90 gdt 188: ## Links
189:
190: The following pages have been published by NetBSD community members. (Note that some of them are old.)
191:
1.130 ! gutterid 192: - <https://www.cambus.net/netbsd-on-the-raspberry-pi/>
1.90 gdt 193:
1.74 gdt 194: # Maintaining a system
195:
1.127 gdt 196: ## Booting single user
197:
198: \todo Describe how to boot single user via the serial console and via the fb console.
199:
1.78 gdt 200: ## vcgencmd
201:
1.80 gdt 202: The program vcgencmd, referenced in the boot section, can be found in pkgsrc/misc/raspberrypi-userland.
1.78 gdt 203:
1.53 gdt 204: ## Updating the kernel
1.46 schmonz 205:
1.42 wiki 206: - Build a new kernel, e.g. using build.sh. It will tell you where the ELF version of the kernel is, e.g.
207:
208: ...
209: Kernels built from RPI2:
210: /Users/feyrer/work/NetBSD/cvs/src-current/obj.evbarm-Darwin-XXX/sys/arch/evbarm/compile/RPI2/netbsd
211: ...
212:
1.69 rin 213: - Besides the "netbsd" kernel in ELF format, there is also a "netbsd.img" (for current) or "netbsd.bin" (for 7 and 8) kernel that is in a format that the Raspberry can boot.
1.48 sevan 214: - Depending on your hardware version, copy this either to /boot/kernel.img (First generation Pi, Pi Zero hardware) or to /boot/kernel7.img (Pi 2, Pi 3 hardware)
1.42 wiki 215: - reboot
216:
1.127 gdt 217: \todo Explain if updating firmware is necessary when e.g. moving from 8 to 9, or 9 to current.
218:
1.73 gdt 219: ## Updating the firmware
220:
221: A section below describes the process of updating NetBSD's copy of the firmware from upstream, with testing, by NetBSD developers. This section is about updating a system's firmware from the firmware in a version of NetBSD.
222:
1.127 gdt 223: \todo Explain where the firmware is in the source tree, and note that it is not in the installed system image (such as /usr/mdec). Explain how to update a system (presumably /boot) from either an installed system's new firmware files, or the source tree. Explain any particular cautions.
1.101 gdt 224:
1.99 gdt 225: \todo Explain if using updated firmware from one branch (e.g. netbsd-current) on a system using a different branch (e.g. netbsd-8) is safe. Explain if pullups are done to release branches with new firmware.
226:
1.75 gdt 227: ## Booting
228:
1.79 gdt 229: The device boots by finding a file "bootcode.bin". The primary location is a FAT32 partition on the uSD card, and an additional location is on a USB drive. See the [upstream documentation on booting](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/) and read all the subpages.
1.75 gdt 230:
1.112 gdt 231: The standard approach is to use a uSD card, with a fdisk partition table containing a FAT32 partition marked active, and a NetBSD partition. The NetBSD partition will then contain a disklabel, pointing to an FFS partition (a), a swap partition (b) and the FAT32 boot partition mounted as /boot (e). The file /boot/cmdline.txt has a line to set the root partition.
1.75 gdt 232:
1.112 gdt 233: One wrinkle in the standard approach is that the disk layout is "boot swap /", but the NetBSD fdisk partition starts at the location of /, so the swap partition is not within the NetBSD fdisk partition. The / partition can hold a disklabel, while swap cannot. It is normal to have swap after / (and thus within the fdisk partition), but the arrangement used permits growing / on first boot, for the typical case where a larger uSD is used, compared to the minimum image size.
1.75 gdt 234:
1.77 gdt 235: An alternate approach is to have the boot FAT32 partition as above, but to have the entire system including root on an external disk. This is configured by changing root=ld0a to root=sd0a or root=dk0 (depending on disklabel/GPT). Besides greater space, part of the point is to avoid writing to the uSD card.
1.75 gdt 236:
1.130 ! gutterid 237: A third approach, workable on the Pi 3 only, is to configure USB host booting (already enabled on the 3+; see the upstream documentation) and have the boot partition also on the external device. In this case the external device must have an MBR because the hardware's first-stage boot does not have GPT support. In theory the [procedure to program USB host boot mode](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md) will function on a NetBSD system because the programming is done by bootcode.bin.
1.80 gdt 238: \todo Confirm that putting program_usb_boot_mode=1 in config.txt and booting works to program the OTP bit. Confirm that one can then boot NetBSD from external USB.
1.75 gdt 239:
1.101 gdt 240: There is no well-defined USB enumeration order, so the preferred approach if one has multiple USB mass storage devices is to use named wedges in both fstab and cmdline.txt.
1.75 gdt 241:
1.113 gdt 242: ## Split-mode aarch32/aarch64
243:
244: \todo Verify this, and add any necessary cautions about boot code.
245:
1.130 ! gutterid 246: The aarch64 kernel can run aarch32 binaries, so one can boot an aarch64 kernel on a system with an aarch32 userland.
1.113 gdt 247:
1.93 gdt 248: # X11 and GPU
249:
1.27 wiki 250: ## Video playback
1.128 gdt 251:
1.29 wiki 252: Accelerated video playback is supported in NetBSD 7 with the [OMXPlayer](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/omxplayer) application and through GStreamer with the [omx](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/gst-plugins1-omx) plugin.
1.27 wiki 253:
254: ## OpenGL ES
1.128 gdt 255:
1.27 wiki 256: Accelerated OpenGL ES is supported in NetBSD 7. The GL ES client libraries are included with the [misc/raspberrypi-userland](http://pkgsrc.se/misc/raspberrypi-userland) package.
257:
1.28 wiki 258: ## Quake 3
1.128 gdt 259:
1.27 wiki 260: A Raspberry Pi optimized build of *ioquake3* is available in the [games/ioquake3-raspberrypi](http://pkgsrc.se/games/ioquake3-raspberrypi) package. To use it, the following additional resources are required:
261:
262: - pak0.pk3 from Quake 3 CD
1.31 snj 263: - additional pak files from the [games/ioquake3-pk3](http://pkgsrc.se/games/ioquake3-pk3) package
1.27 wiki 264: - read/write permissions on /dev/vchiq and /dev/wsmouse
265:
1.31 snj 266: Place the pak0.pk3 file in the /usr/pkg/lib/ioquake3/baseq3 directory.
1.27 wiki 267:
1.32 wiki 268: ## RetroArch / Libretro
1.128 gdt 269:
1.32 wiki 270: Using [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch) it is possible to run many emulators at full speed the Raspberry Pi. Emulator cores for various gaming consoles are available in the [emulators/libretro-*](http://pkgsrc.se/search.php?so=libretro-) packages. To begin using retroarch:
271:
272: - Install [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch)
273: - Install the libretro core for the system you would like to emulate (lets take [emulators/libretro-gambatte](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/libretro-gambatte), a GameBoy Color emulator, as an example).
1.118 nia 274: - Make sure your user has read and write permissions on `/dev/vchiq`.
275: - Plug in a USB HID compatible Gamepad, such as the Logitech F710 in "DirectInput" mode (set "D/X" switch to "D"). Note that since the framebuffer GL driver will not allow for keyboard input in RetroArch, you will have to copy your joypad configuration from another system.
276: - Configure retroarch by editing $HOME/.config/retroarch/retroarch.cfg:
277: video_driver = "gl"
278: input_driver = "null"
279: joypad_driver = "sdl2"
1.116 nia 280: menu_driver = "rgui"
1.32 wiki 281:
1.53 gdt 282: # Developer notes
1.50 gdt 283:
1.53 gdt 284: These notes are for people working on improvements to RPI support in NetBSD.
1.50 gdt 285:
1.72 gdt 286: ## Updating the firmware version in the NetBSD sources
1.50 gdt 287:
1.72 gdt 288: (Note that trying new firmware may result in a non-bootable system, so
289: be prepared to recover the bootable media with another system.)
1.50 gdt 290:
1.72 gdt 291: Upstream firmware releases are
292: [on GitHub](https://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware/releases).
293: Copy all files except `kernel*.img` into `/boot` and reboot.
294:
295: New firmware should pass all of the following tests before being committed to NetBSD.
1.50 gdt 296:
1.53 gdt 297: - Audio
298: - OMXPlayer (and [[!template id=man name="vchiq"]])
299: - Serial/framebuffer console
300: - CPU frequency scaling
1.50 gdt 301:
1.92 gdt 302: Tests should be run on all of `rpi[0123]`.
1.94 gdt 303:
304: ## Testing with anita and qemu
305:
1.111 gdt 306: See the anita section in the evbarm page.
1.94 gdt 307:
1.110 gdt 308: It is not currently known how to emulate a RPI in qemu, and therefore anita does not yet have support for this. \todo Add a command-line example to run qemu emulating some RPI model.
1.119 leot 309:
1.128 gdt 310: # Misc notes
1.119 leot 311:
312: Miscellaneous notes about Raspberry PI.
313:
314: ## Power supply needed (or: why there is a little rainbow square in the top-right corner?)
1.128 gdt 315:
1.119 leot 316: Raspberry Pi devices are powered by 5V micro USB and a 2.5A (2500mA)
1.124 gdt 317: power supply is recommended. For more information please read:
1.119 leot 318:
319: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/faqs/#pi-power>
320:
321: Power glitches can also manifest in other ways, e.g. with an USB
322: disk plugged:
323:
324: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
325: sd0(umass0:0:0:0): generic HBA error
326: sd0: cache synchronization failed
327: """]]
328:
1.124 gdt 329: Using a recommended power supply avoid such issues.
1.119 leot 330:
331: ## Xenon death flash (Raspberry Pi 2 is camera-shy)
1.128 gdt 332:
1.119 leot 333: When using laser pointers or xenon flashes in cameras (or other
334: flashes of high-intensity long-wave light) against a Raspberry Pi
335: 2 the Pi can power itself off.
336: For more information please read:
337:
338: <https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/xenon-death-flash-a-free-physics-lesson/>
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