--- wikisrc/ports/evbarm/raspberry_pi.mdwn 2018/11/06 18:03:21 1.98 +++ wikisrc/ports/evbarm/raspberry_pi.mdwn 2019/09/02 20:48:37 1.121 @@ -1,8 +1,10 @@ [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm on Raspberry Pi"]] -This page attempts to document and coordinate efforts towards NetBSD/evbarm on [Raspberry Pi](http://www.raspberrypi.org). All board variants are supported. +This page describes the NetBSD/evbarm port on [Raspberry Pi](http://www.raspberrypi.org) hardware. All [board variants](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi#Specifications) earlier than the RPI4 are believed supported, and specific boards known to work are listed. We use e.g. "RPI2" to refer to "Raspberry Pi 2" to save precious bytes on this page. This web page is 32-bit (aarch32) centric, as that has been until mid-2018 the only approach. -Initial, limited, Raspberry Pi support was introduced in NetBSD 6.0. NetBSD 7.0 adds complete support for the board, along with introducing support for the quad-core Raspberry Pi 2 board. Raspberry Pi 3 support was added for NetBSD 8, and backported to NetBSD 7 in July of 2017. (This page assumes those using NetBSD 7 are using 7.2, or the netbsd-7 branch after mid 2018.) +Initial, limited, Raspberry Pi support was introduced in NetBSD 6.0. NetBSD 7.0 adds complete support for the board, along with introducing support for the quad-core Raspberry Pi 2 board. Raspberry Pi 3 support was added for NetBSD 8, and backported to NetBSD 7 in July of 2017. (This page assumes those using NetBSD 7 are using 7.2 or later, but note that everyone uses 8 or -current.) + +In mid-2018, -current gained support for 64-bit ARM (aarch64) support. This will be in NetBSD 9. [[images/raspberrypi.jpg]] @@ -12,12 +14,11 @@ Initial, limited, Raspberry Pi support w # What works (and what doesn't yet) -\todo Add information on Pi Zero and Pi Zero W. - ## NetBSD 7 and NetBSD 8 - - RaspberryPi 1, 2, 3 (except Pi 3 builtin WiFi and bluetooth) - - multiple processors on 2/3 + - RPI1, RPI2, RPI2-1.2, RPI3, RPI3+ (except RPI3 builtin WiFi and bluetooth) + - RPI0 and RPI0W are expected to work (without WiFi, and one needs fdt files \todo where from?) + - multiple processors on RPI2/RPI3 - boots normally to multiuser, with FAT32 boot partition on uSD - root filesystem can be uSD or USB-attached mass storage - serial or graphics console (with EDID query / parsing) @@ -34,29 +35,45 @@ Initial, limited, Raspberry Pi support w ## NetBSD current - - Raspberry Pi 3 builtin bluetooth - - Raspberry Pi 3 new SD host controller driver + - RPI3+ + - RPI3 builtin bluetooth + - RPI3 new SD host controller driver + - \todo Verify: RPI2-1.2 and RPI3 aarch64 + +## What needs documenting if it works + + - CM1 + - CM3 + - CM3lite ## What needs work + - RPI4 (almost certainly; not clear) - USB (host); isochronous transfers. - - Raspberry Pi 3 builtin WiFi + - RPI3, RPI0W builtin WiFi + - RPI0W Bluetooth Low Energy (probably) + - aarch64 support is evolving very rapidly, and not yet recommended for production, largely because one must run -current. # CPU types - - Raspberry Pi 1 uses "earmv6hf". - - Raspberry Pi Zero uses "\todo". - - Raspberry Pi 2 uses "earmv7hf". - - Raspberry Pi 3 uses "earmv7hf". - - Raspberry Pi Zero W uses "\todo". - -Note that one can run earmv6hf userland code on the 2 and 3. In theory the code compiled for earmv7hf will be faster. \todo Benchmark and explain. \todo Explain if one can run the earmv6hf RPI2 kernel on RPI1. \todo Explain if the earmv6hf rpi.img.gz will run on a RPI2/3. - -\todo Explain if one can run "eb" variants. (However, using eb is likely to find more bugs because almost everyone uses el. That can either be a reason to run it or not run it.) - -\todo Explain if systems built with earm or earmv5 will work on RPI or RPI2/3. - -See also [[NetBSD/aarch64|aarch64]] for running the Pi 2/3 in 64-bit mode. + - RPI1 uses "earmv6hf". + - RPI0 uses "earmv6hf". + - RPI0W uses "earmv6hf". + - RPI2 uses "earmv7hf". + - RPI2-1.2 uses "earmv7hf" or "aarch64" (armv8 CPU hardware) + - RPI3 uses "earmv7hf" or "aarch64" (armv8 CPU hardware) + +Note that one can run a build of earmv6hf on the 2 and 3. There will still be a kernel7, built to use the 2/3 hardware, but with the armv6 instruction set. + +In theory the code compiled for earmv7hf will be faster, but anecdotal experience is that it doesn't matter that much. + +While the evbarm port has "eb" variants (for big-endian mode), the RPI systems do not support eb and these variants will not work. Systems built with older CPU architectures (earm, earmv4, earmv5) are not expected to work on RPI. + +The RPI2-1.2 and RPI3 have an armv8 CPU that supports aarch64 (64-bit +mode) in addition to aarch32 (regular 32-bit ARM). This is supported, +in -current only, by the "aarch64" MACHINE_ARCH of evbarm, also +available in build.sh via the alias evbarm64. This is sometimes +referred to as [[NetBSD/aarch64|aarch64]]. # Installation @@ -91,22 +108,22 @@ Consider setting RELEASEMACHINEDIR if yo ### NetBSD autobuild HTTPS/FTP servers -NetBSD provides nightly builds on [nyftp.netbsd.org](https://nyftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/). The next directory level is the branch being built (netbsd-7, netbsd-8, HEAD, and more), plus optionally things like compiler type. It is followed by date/time, e.g. "HEAD/201811051650Z"; once a build is complete the symlink "latest" is adjusted to point to it. The next level is "${MACHINE}-${MACHINE_ARCH}", e.g. "evbarm-earmv7hf", and multiple combinations are provided. +NetBSD provides nightly builds on [nycdn.netbsd.org](https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/). The next directory level is the branch being built (netbsd-7, netbsd-8, HEAD, and more), plus optionally things like compiler type. It is followed by date/time, e.g. "HEAD/201811051650Z"; once a build is complete the symlink "latest" is adjusted to point to it. The next level is "${MACHINE}-${MACHINE_ARCH}", e.g. "evbarm-earmv7hf", and multiple combinations are provided. -An example URL, arguably the standard approach for first-time NetBSD/RPI users, is https://nyftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-8/latest/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/ +An example URL, arguably the standard approach for first-time NetBSD/RPI users, is https://nycdn.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD-daily/netbsd-8/latest/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/ ### release layout Once you get to the releasedir, self-built and autobuild releases have the same structure. - The 'evbarm-earmv6hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an rpi.img file that will run on any of the RPI boards. - - The 'evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an armv7.img file that uses the armv7 instruction set, and thus can run only on the Raspberry Pi 2/3. + - The 'evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/' directory contains an armv7.img file that uses the armv7 instruction set, and thus can run only on the RPI2 and RPI3 (and perhaps the CM3). It also supports systems other than the RPI family. \todo Explain why there is no armv7_inst.gz. ## Preparing a uSD card -Once you have rpi.img.gz (or rpi_inst), put it on a uSD card using gunzip and dd, for example: +Once you have rpi.img.gz (or rpi_inst for earmv6 boards), put it on a uSD card using gunzip and dd, for example: - gunzip rpi.img.gz - dd if=rpi.img of=/dev/disk1 @@ -119,7 +136,7 @@ The standard approach is to use a USB ke By default the rpi.img is set to use the HDMI output. If you wish to use a serial console, mount the FAT32 partition on another system and edit cmdline.txt and remove '"console=fb"'. - - Most (all?) USB-to-TTL serial adapters have wires for Tx, Rx and ground, and not RTS/CTS or other flow control lines. Thus, your terminal program (or terminal) must be configured to not require flow control; a symptom of misconfiguration is that you see console output, but cannot type anything. If so, adjust your serial console application's flow control settings to "none". + - Most (all?) USB-to-TTL serial adapters have wires for TX, RX and ground, and not RTS/CTS or other flow control lines. Thus, your terminal program (or terminal) must be configured to not require flow control; a symptom of misconfiguration is that you see console output, but cannot type anything. If so, adjust your serial console application's flow control settings to "none". - In Kermit, the command is "set flow none". - In minicom, run "minicom -s" and set hardware flow control to "no". @@ -137,7 +154,7 @@ build.sh (and hence the FTP site) also c - Use ssh to login to the address you found with user "sysinst", and password "netbsd". - When installing, ensure that you enable DHCP and ssh, so that you can log in again after the system is installed. -\todo Verify that the above is accurate and sufficient. +The rpi_inst.img.gz image will only work for systems that use earmv6hf kernels (so not RPI2/3). See [this port-arm message](https://mail-index.netbsd.org/port-arm/2017/08/18/msg004374.html) for details. ## Installation via ebijun's image @@ -147,7 +164,7 @@ is based on NetBSD-current and is built work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3. This image is typically updated every few weeks. - - [https://github.com/ebijun/NetBSD/blob/master/RPI/RPIimage/Image/README](https://github.com/ebijun/NetBSD/blob/master/RPI/RPIimage/Image/README) + - ## Configuring 802.11 @@ -188,26 +205,32 @@ A section below describes the process of \todo Explain where the firmware is in the source tree, and if it is in the installed system image (such as /usr/mdec). Explain how to update a system (presumably /boot) from either an installed system's new firmware files, or the source tree. Explain any particular cautions. +Probably, for the RPI3+, one needs to use -current, or use -8 with firmware from -current. \todo Defuzz. + +\todo Explain if using updated firmware from one branch (e.g. netbsd-current) on a system using a different branch (e.g. netbsd-8) is safe. Explain if pullups are done to release branches with new firmware. + ## Booting The device boots by finding a file "bootcode.bin". The primary location is a FAT32 partition on the uSD card, and an additional location is on a USB drive. See the [upstream documentation on booting](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/) and read all the subpages. -The standard approach is to use a uSD card, with a fdisk partition table containing a FAT32 partition marked active, and a NetBSD partition. The NetBSD partition will then contain a disklabel, pointing to an FFS partition (a), a swap paritiion (b) and the FAT32 boot partition mounted as /boot (e). The file /boot/cmdline.txt has a line to set the root partition. +The standard approach is to use a uSD card, with a fdisk partition table containing a FAT32 partition marked active, and a NetBSD partition. The NetBSD partition will then contain a disklabel, pointing to an FFS partition (a), a swap partition (b) and the FAT32 boot partition mounted as /boot (e). The file /boot/cmdline.txt has a line to set the root partition. -One wrinkle in the standard approach is that the disk layout is "boot swap /", but the NetBSD fdisk partition starts at the location of /. The / partition can hold a disklabel, while swap cannot. It is normal to have swap after / (and thus within the fdisk partition), but the arrangement used permits growing / on first boot, for the typical case where a larger uSD is used, compared to the minimum image size. +One wrinkle in the standard approach is that the disk layout is "boot swap /", but the NetBSD fdisk partition starts at the location of /, so the swap partition is not within the NetBSD fdisk partition. The / partition can hold a disklabel, while swap cannot. It is normal to have swap after / (and thus within the fdisk partition), but the arrangement used permits growing / on first boot, for the typical case where a larger uSD is used, compared to the minimum image size. An alternate approach is to have the boot FAT32 partition as above, but to have the entire system including root on an external disk. This is configured by changing root=ld0a to root=sd0a or root=dk0 (depending on disklabel/GPT). Besides greater space, part of the point is to avoid writing to the uSD card. A third approach, workable on the Pi 3 only, is to configure USB host booting (already enableed on the 3+; see the upstream documentation) and have the boot partition also on the external device. In this case the external device must have an MBR because the hardware's first-stage boot does not have GPT support. In theory the [procedure to program USB host boot mode](https://www.raspberrypi.org/documentation/hardware/raspberrypi/bootmodes/msd.md) will function on a NetBSD system because the programming is done by bootcode.bin. \todo Confirm that putting program_usb_boot_mode=1 in config.txt and booting works to program the OTP bit. Confirm that one can then boot NetBSD from external USB. -\todo Explain USB enumeration and how to ensure that the correct boot and root devices are found if one has e.g. a small SSD for the system and a big disk. +There is no well-defined USB enumeration order, so the preferred approach if one has multiple USB mass storage devices is to use named wedges in both fstab and cmdline.txt. -# X11 and GPU +## Split-mode aarch32/aarch64 -## Console font +\todo Verify this, and add any necessary cautions about boot code. -Some find the default font to be too small. \todo Give a link to the normal instructions on how to change it. +The aarch64 kernel can run aarch32 binaries, so one can boot a aarch64 kernel on a system with aarch32 userland. + +# X11 and GPU ## Video playback Accelerated video playback is supported in NetBSD 7 with the [OMXPlayer](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/omxplayer) application and through GStreamer with the [omx](http://pkgsrc.se/multimedia/gst-plugins1-omx) plugin. @@ -229,15 +252,13 @@ Using [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsr - Install [emulators/retroarch](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/retroarch) - Install the libretro core for the system you would like to emulate (lets take [emulators/libretro-gambatte](http://pkgsrc.se/emulators/libretro-gambatte), a GameBoy Color emulator, as an example). - - Plug in a USB HID compatible Gamepad, such as the Logitech F710 in "DirectInput" mode (set "D/X" switch to "D"). - - Create a config file for your gamepad using *retroarch-joyconfig*. -[[!template id=programlisting text=""" -$ retroarch-joyconfig -o gamepad.cfg -"""]] - - Launch the emulator from the command-line (no X required): -[[!template id=programlisting text=""" -$ retroarch --appendconfig gamepad.cfg -L /usr/pkg/lib/libretro/gambatte_libretro.so game.gbc -"""]] + - Make sure your user has read and write permissions on `/dev/vchiq`. + - Plug in a USB HID compatible Gamepad, such as the Logitech F710 in "DirectInput" mode (set "D/X" switch to "D"). Note that since the framebuffer GL driver will not allow for keyboard input in RetroArch, you will have to copy your joypad configuration from another system. + - Configure retroarch by editing $HOME/.config/retroarch/retroarch.cfg: + video_driver = "gl" + input_driver = "null" + joypad_driver = "sdl2" + menu_driver = "rgui" # Developer notes @@ -263,7 +284,34 @@ Tests should be run on all of `rpi[0123] ## Testing with anita and qemu -anita has support for evbarm. Install qemu and dtb-arm-vexpress from pkgsrc. Note that the release subdirectory should be evbarm-earmv6hf or evbarm-earmv7hf. +See the anita section in the evbarm page. + +It is not currently known how to emulate a RPI in qemu, and therefore anita does not yet have support for this. \todo Add a command-line example to run qemu emulating some RPI model. + + +# Misc notes +Miscellaneous notes about Raspberry PI. + +## Power supply needed (or: why there is a little rainbow square in the top-right corner?) +Raspberry Pi devices are powered by 5V micro USB and a 2.5A (2500mA) +power supply is reccomended. For more information please read: + + + +Power glitches can also manifest in other ways, e.g. with an USB +disk plugged: + +[[!template id=programlisting text=""" +sd0(umass0:0:0:0): generic HBA error +sd0: cache synchronization failed +"""]] + +Using a reccomended power supply avoid such issues. + +## Xenon death flash (Raspberry Pi 2 is camera-shy) +When using laser pointers or xenon flashes in cameras (or other +flashes of high-intensity long-wave light) against a Raspberry Pi +2 the Pi can power itself off. +For more information please read: -\todo Explain how to select various RPI models to emulate. -\todo Explain about how DTB works. +