1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm install via sysinst(8) on a SATA hard disk, USB stick or (u)SD card"]]
2:
3: In this document we will see step by step how to install NetBSD/evbarm on an
4: external media (SATA hard disk, USB stick or (u)SD card) using
5: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]].
6:
7: As practical example a BananaPI and a SATA hard disk will be used.
8: However, the following instructions can be probably easily applied
9: on other SoCs and medias with little adjustments.
10:
11:
12: # Populating (u)SD card with `armv7.img`
13:
14: - Download or build `armv7.img`, e.g.:
15: ````
16: $ ftp http://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/armv7.img.gz
17: $ gunzip armv7.img.gz
18: ````
19: - Write the image to (u)SD card:
20: ````
21: $ dd if=armv7.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m conv=sync
22: ````
23: - Write u-boot to (u)SD card. `u-boot` images are provided by
24: `sysutils/u-boot-<boardname>` packages, for example for Allwinner SoC:
25: ````
26: $ dd if=/usr/pkg/share/u-boot/<boardname>/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/rld0d bs=1k seek=8 conv=sync
27: ````
28:
29: *TODOleot*: Adjust/provide u-boot incantantions to boot on a BPI
30:
31:
32: # Installing via sysinst(8)
33:
34: *TODOleot*: Document all sysinst(8) "screenshot"!
35:
36: Now that the SD card is populated with `armv7.img` we can login as `root` (by
37: default the password is empty) and run `sysinst`:
38:
39: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
40: # sysinst
41: """]]
42:
43: The first menu is about the system type (Respberry PI or Other), we select the
44: latter ("Other"):
45:
46: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
47:
48:
49:
50:
51:
52:
53:
54:
55:
56:
57: +-------------------------------------+
58: | What kind of system do you have? |
59: | |
60: | a: Raspberry PI |
61: |>b: Other |
62: +-------------------------------------+
63:
64:
65:
66:
67:
68:
69:
70:
71:
72:
73: """]]
74:
75: We want to install NetBSD/evbarm on the hard disk so let's select
76: "Install NetBSD to hard disk":
77:
78: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
79:
80: NetBSD/evbarm 8.0
81:
82: This menu-driven tool is designed to help you install NetBSD to a hard disk,
83: or upgrade an existing NetBSD system, with a minimum of work.
84: In the following menus type the reference letter (a, b, c, ...) to select an
85: item, or type CTRL+N/CTRL+P to select the next/previous item.
86: The arrow keys and Page-up/Page-down may also work.
87: Activate the current selection from the menu by typing the enter key.
88:
89: If you booted from a floppy, you may now remove the disk.
90: Thank you for using NetBSD!
91: +-----------------------------------------------+
92: | NetBSD-8.0 Install System |
93: | |
94: |>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk |
95: | b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk |
96: | c: Re-install sets or install additional sets |
97: | d: Reboot the computer |
98: | e: Utility menu |
99: | f: Config menu |
100: | x: Exit Install System |
101: +-----------------------------------------------+
102:
103:
104:
105: """]]
106:
107: Before proceeding with the installation, if the hard disk had any important data
108: it is better to stop and doing a backup before proceeding. If it is empty and/or
109: we can safetely remove its data we can proceed:
110:
111: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
112:
113: You have chosen to install NetBSD on your hard disk. This will change
114: information on your hard disk. You should have made a full backup before
115: this procedure! This procedure will do the following things:
116: a) Partition your disk
117: b) Create new BSD file systems
118: c) Load and install distribution sets
119: d) Some initial system configuration
120:
121: (After you enter the partition information but before your disk is changed,
122: you will have the opportunity to quit this procedure.)
123:
124: Shall we continue?
125: +---------------+
126: | yes or no? |
127: | |
128: | a: No |
129: |>b: Yes |
130: +---------------+
131:
132:
133:
134:
135:
136:
137:
138: """]]
139:
140: Now we can see all the available disks. The hard disk attached via SATA is a
141: 120GB SSD recognized as `wd0`:
142:
143: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
144:
145: On which disk do you want to install NetBSD?
146:
147:
148: +-----------------------------------+
149: | Available disks |
150: | |
151: |>a: wd0 (112G, SanDisk SDSSDA120G) |
152: | b: Extended partitioning |
153: | x: Exit |
154: +-----------------------------------+
155:
156:
157:
158:
159:
160:
161:
162:
163:
164:
165:
166:
167:
168:
169:
170: """]]
171:
172: We now need to edit MBR partition table. We will create two MBR partitions: the
173: first one a FAT32 for `/boot` and the other for NetBSD. We select "Edit the MBR
174: partition table":
175:
176: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
177:
178: We are now going to install NetBSD on the disk wd0.
179:
180: NetBSD requires a single partition in the disk's MBR partition table, this is
181: split further by the NetBSD disklabel. NetBSD can also access file systems
182: in other MBR partitions.
183:
184: If you select 'Use the entire disk' then the previous contents of the disk
185: will be overwritten and a single MBR partition used to cover the entire disk.
186: If you want to install more than one operating system then edit the MBR
187: partition table and create a partition for NetBSD.
188:
189: A few hundred MB is enough for a basic installation, but you should allow
190: extra for additional software and user files.
191: Allow at least 5GB if you want to build NetBSD itself.
192: +---------------------------------+
193: | Which would you like to do? |
194: | |
195: |>a: Edit the MBR partition table |
196: | b: Use the entire disk |
197: +---------------------------------+
198:
199:
200:
201:
202:
203: """]]
204:
205: First we select the second entry ("b"), set the "type:" to "NetBSD":
206:
207: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
208:
209: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
210: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
211: Select the partition you wish to change:
212:
213: Total disk size 114473 MB.
214: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
215: Start( MB) |>a: type: unused |
216: ---------- | b: start: 0 MB |
217: a: | c: size: 0 MB |
218: >b: | d: end: 0 MB |
219: c: | e: active: No |
220: d: +-----------------------------------+ |
221: e: Change in| a: Don't change |linders/MB) |
222: x: Partition| b: Delete partition | |
223: |>c: NetBSD |-------------------------+
224: | d: Extended partition, LBA |
225: | e: FreeBSD/386BSD |
226: | f: OpenBSD |
227: | g: Linux native |
228: | h: Linux swap |
229: | i: DOS FAT12 |
230: | <: page up, >: page down |
231: +-----------------------------------+
232:
233:
234: """]]
235:
236: We reserve for the NetBSD MBR partition all the end of the disk,
237: starting at 92MB (1MB that will be empty and 91MB that will be for
238: the FAT32), we also select to make it active ("active: Yes") and
239: we will use it to install NetBSD ("install: Yes"):
240:
241: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
242:
243: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
244: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
245: Select the partition you wish to change:
246:
247: Total disk size 114473 MB.
248: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
249: Start( MB) | a: type: NetBSD |
250: ---------- | b: start: 92 MB |
251: a: | c: size: 114381 MB |
252: >b: | d: end: 114473 MB |
253: c: | e: active: Yes |
254: d: | f: install: Yes |
255: e: Change inpu| g: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB) |
256: x: Partition t|>x: Partition OK |
257: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
258:
259:
260:
261:
262:
263:
264:
265:
266:
267:
268: """]]
269:
270: We now select the first partition ("a") and create a "Windows FAT32", starting
271: at 1MB and ending at 92MB before the "NetBSD" partition. We also make it active
272: ("active: Yes"):
273:
274: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
275:
276: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
277: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
278: Select the partition you wish to change:
279:
280: Total disk size 114473 MB.
281: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
282: Start( MB) | a: type: Windows FAT32 |
283: ---------- | b: start: 1 MB |
284: >a: | c: size: 91 MB |
285: b: 92 | d: end: 92 MB |
286: c: | e: active: Yes |
287: d: | f: install: No |
288: e: Change inpu| g: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB) |
289: x: Partition t|>x: Partition OK |
290: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
291:
292:
293:
294:
295:
296:
297:
298:
299:
300:
301: """]]
302:
303: Here the final MBR partition table:
304:
305: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
306:
307: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
308: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
309: Select the partition you wish to change:
310:
311: Total disk size 114473 MB.
312:
313: Start( MB) Size( MB) Flg Kind
314: ---------- ---------- --- ----------------
315: >a: 1 91 a Windows FAT32
316: b: 92 114381 I NetBSD
317: c: unused
318: d: unused
319: e: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
320: x: Partition table OK
321:
322:
323:
324:
325:
326:
327:
328:
329:
330:
331:
332: """]]
333:
334: Now that the MBR partition table is written we can proceed to set
335: sizes of NetBSD partitions:
336:
337: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
338:
339: NetBSD uses a BSD disklabel to carve up the NetBSD portion of the disk into
340: multiple BSD partitions. You must now set up your BSD disklabel.
341:
342: You can use a simple editor to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or
343: keep the existing partition sizes and contents.
344:
345: You will then be given the opportunity to change any of the disklabel fields.
346:
347: The NetBSD part of your disk is 114381 Megabytes. A full installation
348: requires at least 288 Megabytes without X and at least 348 Megabytes if the X
349: sets are included.
350: +-----------------------------------+
351: | Choose your installation |
352: | |
353: |>a: Set sizes of NetBSD partitions |
354: | b: Use existing partition sizes |
355: +-----------------------------------+
356:
357:
358:
359:
360:
361:
362:
363:
364: """]]
365:
366: We set the swap size to 4G and we reserve the rest of the space for "/":
367:
368: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
369:
370: You can now change the sizes for the system partitions. The default is to
371: allocate all the space to the root file system. However, you may wish to
372: have separate /usr (additional system files), /var (log files etc) or /home
373: (users' home directories) file systems.
374:
375: Free space will be added to the partition marked with a '+'.
376:
377: MB Cylinders Sectors Filesystem
378: a: 2208(110284) 4488 4523904 + /
379: b: 4096 8323 8389584 swap
380: c: 0 0 0 /tmp (mfs)
381: d: 0 0 0 /usr
382: e: 0 0 0 /var
383: f: 0 0 0 /home
384: g: Add a user defined partition
385: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
386: >x: Accept partition sizes. Free space 108076 MB, 13 free partitions.
387:
388:
389:
390:
391:
392:
393:
394:
395: """]]
396:
397: The summary of the current BSD disklabel is:
398:
399: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
400:
401: We now have your BSD disklabel partitions as:
402: This is your last chance to change them.
403:
404: Start MB End MB Size MB FS type Newfs Mount Mount point
405: --------- --------- --------- ---------- ----- ----- -----------
406: >a: 92 110375 110284 FFSv1 Yes Yes /
407: b: 110376 114472 4096 swap
408: c: 0 114472 114473 Whole disk
409: d: 0 0 0 unused
410: e: 1 91 91 Boot partition
411: f: 0 0 0 unused
412: g: Show all unused partitions
413: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
414: x: Partition sizes ok
415:
416:
417:
418:
419:
420:
421:
422:
423:
424:
425:
426: """]]
427:
428: We can adjust the disklabel, for example we can use FFSv2 for "/"
429: and for the disklabel "e" set its mount point to "/boot" in order
430: that an `/etc/fstab` entry will be populated (please note
431: that "/boot" will not be automatically mounted by default):
432:
433: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
434:
435: We now have your BSD disklabel partitions as:
436: This is your last chance to change them.
437:
438: Start MB End MB Size MB FS type Newfs Mount Mount point
439: --------- --------- --------- ---------- ----- ----- -----------
440: a: 92 110375 110284 FFSv2 Yes Yes /
441: b: 110376 114472 4096 swap
442: c: 0 114472 114473 Whole disk
443: d: 0 0 0 unused
444: e: 1 91 91 Boot partition /boot
445: f: 0 0 0 unused
446: g: Show all unused partitions
447: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
448: >x: Partition sizes ok
449:
450:
451:
452:
453:
454:
455:
456:
457:
458:
459:
460: """]]
461:
462: We have finally ready to proceed with
463: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]] as usual and install
464: the installation sets. If you choose to install via FTP/HTTP please
465: note that the "Binary set directory" needs to be adjusted from
466: `/evbarm/binary/sets` to `/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/sets` (it's
467: missing an `-earmv7hf' due different evbarm-s):
468:
469: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
470:
471: The following are the http site, directory, user, and password that will be
472: used. If "user" is "ftp", then the password is not needed.
473:
474: a: Host ftp.NetBSD.org
475: b: Base directory pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0
476: >c: Binary set directory /evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/sets
477: d: Source set directory /source/sets
478: e: User ftp
479: f: Password
480: g: Proxy
481: h: Transfer directory /usr/INSTALL
482: i: Delete after install No
483: j: Configure network
484: k: Exit
485: x: Get Distribution
486:
487:
488:
489:
490:
491:
492:
493:
494:
495:
496: """]]
497:
498: The installation will proceed as usual and for more information
499: please give a look to
500: [The NetBSD Guide](https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media).
501:
502: *TODOleot*: add information how to populate `/boot` and prepare `boot.cmd`,
503: `boot.scr`.
504:
505: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
506: # mount /dev/wd0e /mnt
507: # cp -r /boot/* /mnt/
508: """]]
509:
510:
511: # References
512:
513: *TODOleot*: add a reference to the instructions shared via PR port-evbarm/50806.
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