1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm install via sysinst(8) on a SATA hard disk, USB stick or (u)SD card"]]
2:
3: In this document we will see step by step how to install NetBSD/evbarm on an
4: external media (SATA hard disk, USB stick or (u)SD card) using
5: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]].
6:
7: We will start by installing NetBSD/evbarm via `armv7.img` on a
8: (u)SD card. Then we will use
9: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]] to install
10: NetBSD/evbarm on a SATA hard disk. The (u)SD card populated via
11: `armv7.img` will then be used only in the early boot phase for u-boot.
12:
13: As practical example a BananaPI and a SATA hard disk will be used.
14: However, the following instructions can be probably easily applied
15: on other SoCs and medias with little adjustments.
16:
17:
18: # Populating (u)SD card with `armv7.img`
19:
20: - Download or build `armv7.img`, e.g.:
21:
22: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
23: $ ftp http://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/armv7.img.gz
24: $ gunzip armv7.img.gz
25: """]]
26:
27: - Write the image to (u)SD card:
28:
29: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
30: # dd if=armv7.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m conv=sync
31: """]]
32:
33: - Write u-boot to (u)SD card. `u-boot` images are provided by
34: `sysutils/u-boot-<boardname>` packages, for example for Allwinner SoC:
35:
36: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
37: # dd if=/usr/pkg/share/u-boot/<boardname>/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/rld0d bs=1k seek=8 conv=sync
38: """]]
39:
40: ## NetBSD/evbarm 8.0 (and older) u-boot adjustments
41:
42: [[!template id=note text="""
43: Please note that the following adjustments will not be needed in
44: NetBSD-current and 9.0.
45: """]]
46:
47: NetBSD/evbarm 8.0 does not automatically boot on the BananaPI.
48: We can use the following commands to boot from the (u)SD cards in u-boot:
49:
50: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
51: mmc dev 0
52: setenv kernel netbsd-BPI.ub
53: fatload mmc 0:1 82000000 $kernel
54: bootm 82000000 root=ld0a console=fb
55: """]]
56:
57: Or, to avoid typing them at every boot we can prepare an u-boot script via
58: [[!template id=man name="mkubootimage" section="1"]].
59:
60: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
61: $ cat boot.cmd
62: mmc dev 0
63: setenv kernel netbsd-BPI.ub
64: fatload mmc 0:1 82000000 $kernel
65: bootm 82000000 root=ld0a console=fb
66: $ mkubootimage -A arm -n armv7 -T script boot.cmd boot.scr
67: """]]
68:
69: ...and copy it on the populated (u)SD card:
70:
71: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
72: # mount /dev/sd0e /mnt
73: # cp /mnt/boot.scr /mnt/boot.scr.orig
74: # cp boot.scr /mnt/
75: """]]
76:
77:
78: # Installing via sysinst(8)
79:
80: Now that the SD card is populated with `armv7.img` we can login as `root` (by
81: default the password is empty) and run `sysinst`:
82:
83: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
84: # sysinst
85: """]]
86:
87: The first menu is about the system type (Respberry PI or Other), we select the
88: latter ("Other"):
89:
90: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
91:
92:
93:
94:
95:
96:
97:
98:
99:
100:
101: +-------------------------------------+
102: | What kind of system do you have? |
103: | |
104: | a: Raspberry PI |
105: |>b: Other |
106: +-------------------------------------+
107:
108:
109:
110:
111:
112:
113:
114:
115:
116:
117: """]]
118:
119: We want to install NetBSD/evbarm on the hard disk so let's select
120: "Install NetBSD to hard disk":
121:
122: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
123:
124: NetBSD/evbarm 8.0
125:
126: This menu-driven tool is designed to help you install NetBSD to a hard disk,
127: or upgrade an existing NetBSD system, with a minimum of work.
128: In the following menus type the reference letter (a, b, c, ...) to select an
129: item, or type CTRL+N/CTRL+P to select the next/previous item.
130: The arrow keys and Page-up/Page-down may also work.
131: Activate the current selection from the menu by typing the enter key.
132:
133: If you booted from a floppy, you may now remove the disk.
134: Thank you for using NetBSD!
135: +-----------------------------------------------+
136: | NetBSD-8.0 Install System |
137: | |
138: |>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk |
139: | b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk |
140: | c: Re-install sets or install additional sets |
141: | d: Reboot the computer |
142: | e: Utility menu |
143: | f: Config menu |
144: | x: Exit Install System |
145: +-----------------------------------------------+
146:
147:
148:
149: """]]
150:
151: Before proceeding with the installation, if the hard disk had any important data
152: it is better to stop and doing a backup before proceeding. If it is empty and/or
153: we can safetely remove its data we can proceed:
154:
155: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
156:
157: You have chosen to install NetBSD on your hard disk. This will change
158: information on your hard disk. You should have made a full backup before
159: this procedure! This procedure will do the following things:
160: a) Partition your disk
161: b) Create new BSD file systems
162: c) Load and install distribution sets
163: d) Some initial system configuration
164:
165: (After you enter the partition information but before your disk is changed,
166: you will have the opportunity to quit this procedure.)
167:
168: Shall we continue?
169: +---------------+
170: | yes or no? |
171: | |
172: | a: No |
173: |>b: Yes |
174: +---------------+
175:
176:
177:
178:
179:
180:
181:
182: """]]
183:
184: Now we can see all the available disks. The hard disk attached via SATA is a
185: 120GB SSD recognized as `wd0`:
186:
187: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
188:
189: On which disk do you want to install NetBSD?
190:
191:
192: +-----------------------------------+
193: | Available disks |
194: | |
195: |>a: wd0 (112G, SanDisk SDSSDA120G) |
196: | b: Extended partitioning |
197: | x: Exit |
198: +-----------------------------------+
199:
200:
201:
202:
203:
204:
205:
206:
207:
208:
209:
210:
211:
212:
213:
214: """]]
215:
216: We now need to edit MBR partition table. We will create two MBR partitions: the
217: first one a FAT32 for `/boot` and the other for NetBSD. We select "Edit the MBR
218: partition table":
219:
220: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
221:
222: We are now going to install NetBSD on the disk wd0.
223:
224: NetBSD requires a single partition in the disk's MBR partition table, this is
225: split further by the NetBSD disklabel. NetBSD can also access file systems
226: in other MBR partitions.
227:
228: If you select 'Use the entire disk' then the previous contents of the disk
229: will be overwritten and a single MBR partition used to cover the entire disk.
230: If you want to install more than one operating system then edit the MBR
231: partition table and create a partition for NetBSD.
232:
233: A few hundred MB is enough for a basic installation, but you should allow
234: extra for additional software and user files.
235: Allow at least 5GB if you want to build NetBSD itself.
236: +---------------------------------+
237: | Which would you like to do? |
238: | |
239: |>a: Edit the MBR partition table |
240: | b: Use the entire disk |
241: +---------------------------------+
242:
243:
244:
245:
246:
247: """]]
248:
249: First we select the second entry ("b"), set the "type:" to "NetBSD":
250:
251: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
252:
253: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
254: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
255: Select the partition you wish to change:
256:
257: Total disk size 114473 MB.
258: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
259: Start( MB) |>a: type: unused |
260: ---------- | b: start: 0 MB |
261: a: | c: size: 0 MB |
262: >b: | d: end: 0 MB |
263: c: | e: active: No |
264: d: +-----------------------------------+ |
265: e: Change in| a: Don't change |linders/MB) |
266: x: Partition| b: Delete partition | |
267: |>c: NetBSD |-------------------------+
268: | d: Extended partition, LBA |
269: | e: FreeBSD/386BSD |
270: | f: OpenBSD |
271: | g: Linux native |
272: | h: Linux swap |
273: | i: DOS FAT12 |
274: | <: page up, >: page down |
275: +-----------------------------------+
276:
277:
278: """]]
279:
280: We reserve for the NetBSD MBR partition all the end of the disk,
281: starting at 92MB (1MB that will be empty and 91MB that will be for
282: the FAT32), we also select to make it active ("active: Yes") and
283: we will use it to install NetBSD ("install: Yes"):
284:
285: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
286:
287: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
288: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
289: Select the partition you wish to change:
290:
291: Total disk size 114473 MB.
292: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
293: Start( MB) | a: type: NetBSD |
294: ---------- | b: start: 92 MB |
295: a: | c: size: 114381 MB |
296: >b: | d: end: 114473 MB |
297: c: | e: active: Yes |
298: d: | f: install: Yes |
299: e: Change inpu| g: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB) |
300: x: Partition t|>x: Partition OK |
301: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
302:
303:
304:
305:
306:
307:
308:
309:
310:
311:
312: """]]
313:
314: We now select the first partition ("a") and create a "Windows FAT32", starting
315: at 1MB and ending at 92MB before the "NetBSD" partition. We also make it active
316: ("active: Yes"):
317:
318: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
319:
320: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
321: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
322: Select the partition you wish to change:
323:
324: Total disk size 114473 MB.
325: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
326: Start( MB) | a: type: Windows FAT32 |
327: ---------- | b: start: 1 MB |
328: >a: | c: size: 91 MB |
329: b: 92 | d: end: 92 MB |
330: c: | e: active: Yes |
331: d: | f: install: No |
332: e: Change inpu| g: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB) |
333: x: Partition t|>x: Partition OK |
334: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
335:
336:
337:
338:
339:
340:
341:
342:
343:
344:
345: """]]
346:
347: Here the final MBR partition table:
348:
349: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
350:
351: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
352: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
353: Select the partition you wish to change:
354:
355: Total disk size 114473 MB.
356:
357: Start( MB) Size( MB) Flg Kind
358: ---------- ---------- --- ----------------
359: >a: 1 91 a Windows FAT32
360: b: 92 114381 I NetBSD
361: c: unused
362: d: unused
363: e: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
364: x: Partition table OK
365:
366:
367:
368:
369:
370:
371:
372:
373:
374:
375:
376: """]]
377:
378: Now that the MBR partition table is written we can proceed to set
379: sizes of NetBSD partitions:
380:
381: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
382:
383: NetBSD uses a BSD disklabel to carve up the NetBSD portion of the disk into
384: multiple BSD partitions. You must now set up your BSD disklabel.
385:
386: You can use a simple editor to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or
387: keep the existing partition sizes and contents.
388:
389: You will then be given the opportunity to change any of the disklabel fields.
390:
391: The NetBSD part of your disk is 114381 Megabytes. A full installation
392: requires at least 288 Megabytes without X and at least 348 Megabytes if the X
393: sets are included.
394: +-----------------------------------+
395: | Choose your installation |
396: | |
397: |>a: Set sizes of NetBSD partitions |
398: | b: Use existing partition sizes |
399: +-----------------------------------+
400:
401:
402:
403:
404:
405:
406:
407:
408: """]]
409:
410: We set the swap size to 4G and we reserve the rest of the space for "/":
411:
412: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
413:
414: You can now change the sizes for the system partitions. The default is to
415: allocate all the space to the root file system. However, you may wish to
416: have separate /usr (additional system files), /var (log files etc) or /home
417: (users' home directories) file systems.
418:
419: Free space will be added to the partition marked with a '+'.
420:
421: MB Cylinders Sectors Filesystem
422: a: 2208(110284) 4488 4523904 + /
423: b: 4096 8323 8389584 swap
424: c: 0 0 0 /tmp (mfs)
425: d: 0 0 0 /usr
426: e: 0 0 0 /var
427: f: 0 0 0 /home
428: g: Add a user defined partition
429: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
430: >x: Accept partition sizes. Free space 108076 MB, 13 free partitions.
431:
432:
433:
434:
435:
436:
437:
438:
439: """]]
440:
441: The summary of the current BSD disklabel is:
442:
443: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
444:
445: We now have your BSD disklabel partitions as:
446: This is your last chance to change them.
447:
448: Start MB End MB Size MB FS type Newfs Mount Mount point
449: --------- --------- --------- ---------- ----- ----- -----------
450: >a: 92 110375 110284 FFSv1 Yes Yes /
451: b: 110376 114472 4096 swap
452: c: 0 114472 114473 Whole disk
453: d: 0 0 0 unused
454: e: 1 91 91 Boot partition
455: f: 0 0 0 unused
456: g: Show all unused partitions
457: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
458: x: Partition sizes ok
459:
460:
461:
462:
463:
464:
465:
466:
467:
468:
469:
470: """]]
471:
472: We can adjust the disklabel, for example we can use FFSv2 for "/"
473: and for the disklabel "e" set its mount point to "/boot" in order
474: that an `/etc/fstab` entry will be populated (please note
475: that "/boot" will not be automatically mounted by default):
476:
477: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
478:
479: We now have your BSD disklabel partitions as:
480: This is your last chance to change them.
481:
482: Start MB End MB Size MB FS type Newfs Mount Mount point
483: --------- --------- --------- ---------- ----- ----- -----------
484: a: 92 110375 110284 FFSv2 Yes Yes /
485: b: 110376 114472 4096 swap
486: c: 0 114472 114473 Whole disk
487: d: 0 0 0 unused
488: e: 1 91 91 Boot partition /boot
489: f: 0 0 0 unused
490: g: Show all unused partitions
491: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
492: >x: Partition sizes ok
493:
494:
495:
496:
497:
498:
499:
500:
501:
502:
503:
504: """]]
505:
506: We have finally ready to proceed with
507: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]] as usual and install
508: the installation sets. If you choose to install via FTP/HTTP please
509: note that the "Binary set directory" needs to be adjusted from
510: `/evbarm/binary/sets` to `/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/sets` (it's
511: missing an `-earmv7hf' due different evbarm-s):
512:
513: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
514:
515: The following are the http site, directory, user, and password that will be
516: used. If "user" is "ftp", then the password is not needed.
517:
518: a: Host ftp.NetBSD.org
519: b: Base directory pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0
520: >c: Binary set directory /evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/sets
521: d: Source set directory /source/sets
522: e: User ftp
523: f: Password
524: g: Proxy
525: h: Transfer directory /usr/INSTALL
526: i: Delete after install No
527: j: Configure network
528: k: Exit
529: x: Get Distribution
530:
531:
532:
533:
534:
535:
536:
537:
538:
539:
540: """]]
541:
542: The installation will proceed as usual and for more information
543: please give a look to
544: [The NetBSD Guide](https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media).
545:
546: When the installation is completed, back to the shell we can populate
547: `/boot` partition of the hard disk ("wd0e") by just copying all
548: files of the `/boot` partition of the (u)SD card (`armv7.img`):
549:
550: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
551: # mount /dev/wd0e /mnt
552: # cp -r /boot/* /mnt/
553: # umount /mnt
554: """]]
555:
556:
557: ## NetBSD/evbarm 8.0 u-boot adjustments to boot from hard disk
558:
559: Finally we can prepare a u-boot script (`boot.scr`) to load the kernel from the
560: SATA hard disk and boot it:
561:
562: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
563: $ cat boot.cmd
564: scsi scan
565: scsi dev 0
566: setenv kernel netbsd-BPI.ub
567: fatload scsi 0:1 82000000 $kernel
568: bootm 82000000 root=wd0a console=fb
569: $ mkubootimage -A arm -n armv7 -T script boot.cmd boot.scr
570: """]]
571:
572: ...and copy them to the (u)SD `/boot`:
573:
574: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
575: # cp boot.scr /boot
576: """]]
577:
578: Please remember that in the early boot phase, u-boot and `boot.scr`
579: are loaded from the (u)SD card and it loads the kernel present in
580: the `/boot` partition of the hard disk.
581:
582:
583: # References
584:
585: - [Installing NetBSD to HD/SSD on the Banana Pi](http://daemonforums.org/showthread.php?t=9652)
586: shows how to install NetBSD/evbarm 7.0 on a SATA hard disk by copying the
587: contents of (u)SD.
588: - [Chapter 3. Example installation, The NetBSD Guide](https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)
589: describes in details every steps of the NetBSD installation.
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