1: [[!meta title="NetBSD/evbarm install via sysinst(8) on a SATA hard disk, USB stick or (u)SD card"]]
2:
3: In this document we will see step by step how to install NetBSD/evbarm on an
4: external media (SATA hard disk, USB stick or (u)SD card) using
5: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]].
6:
7: We will start by installing NetBSD/evbarm via `armv7.img` on a
8: (u)SD card. Then we will use
9: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]] to install
10: NetBSD/evbarm on a SATA hard disk. The (u)SD card populated via
11: `armv7.img` will then be used only in the early boot phase for u-boot.
12:
13: As practical example a BananaPI and a SATA hard disk will be used.
14: However, the following instructions can be probably easily applied
15: on other SoCs and medias with little adjustments.
16:
17:
18: # Populating (u)SD card with `armv7.img`
19:
20: - Download or build `armv7.img`, e.g.:
21:
22: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
23: $ ftp http://cdn.NetBSD.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/gzimg/armv7.img.gz
24: $ gunzip armv7.img.gz
25: """]]
26:
27: - Write the image to (u)SD card:
28:
29: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
30: # dd if=armv7.img of=/dev/rsd0d bs=1m conv=sync
31: """]]
32:
33: - Write u-boot to (u)SD card. `u-boot` images are provided by
34: `sysutils/u-boot-<boardname>` packages, for example for Allwinner SoC:
35:
36: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
37: # dd if=/usr/pkg/share/u-boot/<boardname>/u-boot-sunxi-with-spl.bin of=/dev/rld0d bs=1k seek=8 conv=sync
38: """]]
39:
40: NetBSD/evbarm 8.0 does not automatically boot on the BananaPI.
41: We can use the following commands to boot from the (u)SD cards in u-boot:
42:
43: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
44: mmc dev 0
45: setenv kernel netbsd-BPI.ub
46: fatload mmc 0:1 82000000 $kernel
47: bootm 82000000 root=ld0a console=fb
48: """]]
49:
50: Or, to avoid typing them at every boot we can prepare an u-boot script via
51: [[!template id=man name="mkubootimage" section="1"]].
52:
53: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
54: $ cat boot.cmd
55: mmc dev 0
56: setenv kernel netbsd-BPI.ub
57: fatload mmc 0:1 82000000 $kernel
58: bootm 82000000 root=ld0a console=fb
59: $ mkubootimage -A arm -n armv7 -T script boot.cmd boot.scr
60: """]]
61:
62: ...and copy it on the populated (u)SD card:
63:
64: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
65: # mount /dev/sd0e /mnt
66: # cp /mnt/boot.scr /mnt/boot.scr.orig
67: # cp boot.scr /mnt/
68: """]]
69:
70:
71: # Installing via sysinst(8)
72:
73: Now that the SD card is populated with `armv7.img` we can login as `root` (by
74: default the password is empty) and run `sysinst`:
75:
76: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
77: # sysinst
78: """]]
79:
80: The first menu is about the system type (Respberry PI or Other), we select the
81: latter ("Other"):
82:
83: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
84:
85:
86:
87:
88:
89:
90:
91:
92:
93:
94: +-------------------------------------+
95: | What kind of system do you have? |
96: | |
97: | a: Raspberry PI |
98: |>b: Other |
99: +-------------------------------------+
100:
101:
102:
103:
104:
105:
106:
107:
108:
109:
110: """]]
111:
112: We want to install NetBSD/evbarm on the hard disk so let's select
113: "Install NetBSD to hard disk":
114:
115: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
116:
117: NetBSD/evbarm 8.0
118:
119: This menu-driven tool is designed to help you install NetBSD to a hard disk,
120: or upgrade an existing NetBSD system, with a minimum of work.
121: In the following menus type the reference letter (a, b, c, ...) to select an
122: item, or type CTRL+N/CTRL+P to select the next/previous item.
123: The arrow keys and Page-up/Page-down may also work.
124: Activate the current selection from the menu by typing the enter key.
125:
126: If you booted from a floppy, you may now remove the disk.
127: Thank you for using NetBSD!
128: +-----------------------------------------------+
129: | NetBSD-8.0 Install System |
130: | |
131: |>a: Install NetBSD to hard disk |
132: | b: Upgrade NetBSD on a hard disk |
133: | c: Re-install sets or install additional sets |
134: | d: Reboot the computer |
135: | e: Utility menu |
136: | f: Config menu |
137: | x: Exit Install System |
138: +-----------------------------------------------+
139:
140:
141:
142: """]]
143:
144: Before proceeding with the installation, if the hard disk had any important data
145: it is better to stop and doing a backup before proceeding. If it is empty and/or
146: we can safetely remove its data we can proceed:
147:
148: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
149:
150: You have chosen to install NetBSD on your hard disk. This will change
151: information on your hard disk. You should have made a full backup before
152: this procedure! This procedure will do the following things:
153: a) Partition your disk
154: b) Create new BSD file systems
155: c) Load and install distribution sets
156: d) Some initial system configuration
157:
158: (After you enter the partition information but before your disk is changed,
159: you will have the opportunity to quit this procedure.)
160:
161: Shall we continue?
162: +---------------+
163: | yes or no? |
164: | |
165: | a: No |
166: |>b: Yes |
167: +---------------+
168:
169:
170:
171:
172:
173:
174:
175: """]]
176:
177: Now we can see all the available disks. The hard disk attached via SATA is a
178: 120GB SSD recognized as `wd0`:
179:
180: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
181:
182: On which disk do you want to install NetBSD?
183:
184:
185: +-----------------------------------+
186: | Available disks |
187: | |
188: |>a: wd0 (112G, SanDisk SDSSDA120G) |
189: | b: Extended partitioning |
190: | x: Exit |
191: +-----------------------------------+
192:
193:
194:
195:
196:
197:
198:
199:
200:
201:
202:
203:
204:
205:
206:
207: """]]
208:
209: We now need to edit MBR partition table. We will create two MBR partitions: the
210: first one a FAT32 for `/boot` and the other for NetBSD. We select "Edit the MBR
211: partition table":
212:
213: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
214:
215: We are now going to install NetBSD on the disk wd0.
216:
217: NetBSD requires a single partition in the disk's MBR partition table, this is
218: split further by the NetBSD disklabel. NetBSD can also access file systems
219: in other MBR partitions.
220:
221: If you select 'Use the entire disk' then the previous contents of the disk
222: will be overwritten and a single MBR partition used to cover the entire disk.
223: If you want to install more than one operating system then edit the MBR
224: partition table and create a partition for NetBSD.
225:
226: A few hundred MB is enough for a basic installation, but you should allow
227: extra for additional software and user files.
228: Allow at least 5GB if you want to build NetBSD itself.
229: +---------------------------------+
230: | Which would you like to do? |
231: | |
232: |>a: Edit the MBR partition table |
233: | b: Use the entire disk |
234: +---------------------------------+
235:
236:
237:
238:
239:
240: """]]
241:
242: First we select the second entry ("b"), set the "type:" to "NetBSD":
243:
244: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
245:
246: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
247: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
248: Select the partition you wish to change:
249:
250: Total disk size 114473 MB.
251: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
252: Start( MB) |>a: type: unused |
253: ---------- | b: start: 0 MB |
254: a: | c: size: 0 MB |
255: >b: | d: end: 0 MB |
256: c: | e: active: No |
257: d: +-----------------------------------+ |
258: e: Change in| a: Don't change |linders/MB) |
259: x: Partition| b: Delete partition | |
260: |>c: NetBSD |-------------------------+
261: | d: Extended partition, LBA |
262: | e: FreeBSD/386BSD |
263: | f: OpenBSD |
264: | g: Linux native |
265: | h: Linux swap |
266: | i: DOS FAT12 |
267: | <: page up, >: page down |
268: +-----------------------------------+
269:
270:
271: """]]
272:
273: We reserve for the NetBSD MBR partition all the end of the disk,
274: starting at 92MB (1MB that will be empty and 91MB that will be for
275: the FAT32), we also select to make it active ("active: Yes") and
276: we will use it to install NetBSD ("install: Yes"):
277:
278: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
279:
280: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
281: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
282: Select the partition you wish to change:
283:
284: Total disk size 114473 MB.
285: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
286: Start( MB) | a: type: NetBSD |
287: ---------- | b: start: 92 MB |
288: a: | c: size: 114381 MB |
289: >b: | d: end: 114473 MB |
290: c: | e: active: Yes |
291: d: | f: install: Yes |
292: e: Change inpu| g: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB) |
293: x: Partition t|>x: Partition OK |
294: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
295:
296:
297:
298:
299:
300:
301:
302:
303:
304:
305: """]]
306:
307: We now select the first partition ("a") and create a "Windows FAT32", starting
308: at 1MB and ending at 92MB before the "NetBSD" partition. We also make it active
309: ("active: Yes"):
310:
311: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
312:
313: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
314: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
315: Select the partition you wish to change:
316:
317: Total disk size 114473 MB.
318: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
319: Start( MB) | a: type: Windows FAT32 |
320: ---------- | b: start: 1 MB |
321: >a: | c: size: 91 MB |
322: b: 92 | d: end: 92 MB |
323: c: | e: active: Yes |
324: d: | f: install: No |
325: e: Change inpu| g: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB) |
326: x: Partition t|>x: Partition OK |
327: +-----------------------------------------------------------+
328:
329:
330:
331:
332:
333:
334:
335:
336:
337:
338: """]]
339:
340: Here the final MBR partition table:
341:
342: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
343:
344: The Current MBR partition table is shown below.
345: Flgs: a => Active partition, I => Install here.
346: Select the partition you wish to change:
347:
348: Total disk size 114473 MB.
349:
350: Start( MB) Size( MB) Flg Kind
351: ---------- ---------- --- ----------------
352: >a: 1 91 a Windows FAT32
353: b: 92 114381 I NetBSD
354: c: unused
355: d: unused
356: e: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
357: x: Partition table OK
358:
359:
360:
361:
362:
363:
364:
365:
366:
367:
368:
369: """]]
370:
371: Now that the MBR partition table is written we can proceed to set
372: sizes of NetBSD partitions:
373:
374: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
375:
376: NetBSD uses a BSD disklabel to carve up the NetBSD portion of the disk into
377: multiple BSD partitions. You must now set up your BSD disklabel.
378:
379: You can use a simple editor to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or
380: keep the existing partition sizes and contents.
381:
382: You will then be given the opportunity to change any of the disklabel fields.
383:
384: The NetBSD part of your disk is 114381 Megabytes. A full installation
385: requires at least 288 Megabytes without X and at least 348 Megabytes if the X
386: sets are included.
387: +-----------------------------------+
388: | Choose your installation |
389: | |
390: |>a: Set sizes of NetBSD partitions |
391: | b: Use existing partition sizes |
392: +-----------------------------------+
393:
394:
395:
396:
397:
398:
399:
400:
401: """]]
402:
403: We set the swap size to 4G and we reserve the rest of the space for "/":
404:
405: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
406:
407: You can now change the sizes for the system partitions. The default is to
408: allocate all the space to the root file system. However, you may wish to
409: have separate /usr (additional system files), /var (log files etc) or /home
410: (users' home directories) file systems.
411:
412: Free space will be added to the partition marked with a '+'.
413:
414: MB Cylinders Sectors Filesystem
415: a: 2208(110284) 4488 4523904 + /
416: b: 4096 8323 8389584 swap
417: c: 0 0 0 /tmp (mfs)
418: d: 0 0 0 /usr
419: e: 0 0 0 /var
420: f: 0 0 0 /home
421: g: Add a user defined partition
422: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
423: >x: Accept partition sizes. Free space 108076 MB, 13 free partitions.
424:
425:
426:
427:
428:
429:
430:
431:
432: """]]
433:
434: The summary of the current BSD disklabel is:
435:
436: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
437:
438: We now have your BSD disklabel partitions as:
439: This is your last chance to change them.
440:
441: Start MB End MB Size MB FS type Newfs Mount Mount point
442: --------- --------- --------- ---------- ----- ----- -----------
443: >a: 92 110375 110284 FFSv1 Yes Yes /
444: b: 110376 114472 4096 swap
445: c: 0 114472 114473 Whole disk
446: d: 0 0 0 unused
447: e: 1 91 91 Boot partition
448: f: 0 0 0 unused
449: g: Show all unused partitions
450: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
451: x: Partition sizes ok
452:
453:
454:
455:
456:
457:
458:
459:
460:
461:
462:
463: """]]
464:
465: We can adjust the disklabel, for example we can use FFSv2 for "/"
466: and for the disklabel "e" set its mount point to "/boot" in order
467: that an `/etc/fstab` entry will be populated (please note
468: that "/boot" will not be automatically mounted by default):
469:
470: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
471:
472: We now have your BSD disklabel partitions as:
473: This is your last chance to change them.
474:
475: Start MB End MB Size MB FS type Newfs Mount Mount point
476: --------- --------- --------- ---------- ----- ----- -----------
477: a: 92 110375 110284 FFSv2 Yes Yes /
478: b: 110376 114472 4096 swap
479: c: 0 114472 114473 Whole disk
480: d: 0 0 0 unused
481: e: 1 91 91 Boot partition /boot
482: f: 0 0 0 unused
483: g: Show all unused partitions
484: h: Change input units (sectors/cylinders/MB)
485: >x: Partition sizes ok
486:
487:
488:
489:
490:
491:
492:
493:
494:
495:
496:
497: """]]
498:
499: We have finally ready to proceed with
500: [[!template id=man name="sysinst" section="8"]] as usual and install
501: the installation sets. If you choose to install via FTP/HTTP please
502: note that the "Binary set directory" needs to be adjusted from
503: `/evbarm/binary/sets` to `/evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/sets` (it's
504: missing an `-earmv7hf' due different evbarm-s):
505:
506: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
507:
508: The following are the http site, directory, user, and password that will be
509: used. If "user" is "ftp", then the password is not needed.
510:
511: a: Host ftp.NetBSD.org
512: b: Base directory pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-8.0
513: >c: Binary set directory /evbarm-earmv7hf/binary/sets
514: d: Source set directory /source/sets
515: e: User ftp
516: f: Password
517: g: Proxy
518: h: Transfer directory /usr/INSTALL
519: i: Delete after install No
520: j: Configure network
521: k: Exit
522: x: Get Distribution
523:
524:
525:
526:
527:
528:
529:
530:
531:
532:
533: """]]
534:
535: The installation will proceed as usual and for more information
536: please give a look to
537: [The NetBSD Guide](https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html#exinst-choose-media).
538:
539: When the installation is completed, back to the shell we can populate
540: `/boot` partition of the hard disk ("wd0e") by just copying all
541: files of the `/boot` partition of the (u)SD card (`armv7.img`):
542:
543: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
544: # mount /dev/wd0e /mnt
545: # cp -r /boot/* /mnt/
546: # umount /mnt
547: """]]
548:
549: Finally we can prepare a u-boot script (`boot.scr`) to load the kernel from the
550: SATA hard disk and boot it:
551:
552: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
553: $ cat boot.cmd
554: scsi scan
555: scsi dev 0
556: setenv kernel netbsd-BPI.ub
557: fatload scsi 0:1 82000000 $kernel
558: bootm 82000000 root=wd0a console=fb
559: $ mkubootimage -A arm -n armv7 -T script boot.cmd boot.scr
560: """]]
561:
562: ...and copy them to the (u)SD `/boot`:
563:
564: [[!template id=programlisting text="""
565: # cp boot.scr /boot
566: """]]
567:
568: Please remember that in the early boot phase, u-boot and `boot.scr`
569: are loaded from the (u)SD card and it loads the kernel present in
570: the `/boot` partition of the hard disk.
571:
572:
573: # References
574:
575: - [Installing NetBSD to HD/SSD on the Banana Pi](http://daemonforums.org/showthread.php?t=9652)
576: shows how to install NetBSD/evbarm 7.0 on a SATA hard disk by copying the
577: contents of (u)SD.
578: - [Chapter 3. Example installation, The NetBSD Guide](https://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-exinst.html)
579: describes in details every steps of the NetBSD installation.
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