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Diff for /wikisrc/pkgsrc/gcc.mdwn between versions 1.3 and 1.10

version 1.3, 2017/11/26 01:28:44 version 1.10, 2018/01/01 23:18:19
Line 18  build gcc versions (typically newer vers Line 18  build gcc versions (typically newer vers
 in a compiler within ${PREFIX}, e.g. /usr/pkg/gcc6/bin/gcc.  This  in a compiler within ${PREFIX}, e.g. /usr/pkg/gcc6/bin/gcc.  This
 compiler can then be used to compile other packages.  compiler can then be used to compile other packages.
   
 The Issue with using base system gcc is typically that it is too old,  The issue with using base system gcc is typically that it is too old,
 such as gcc 4.5 with NetBSD 6, which cannot compile c++11.  such as gcc 4.5 with NetBSD 6, which cannot compile c++11.  Another
   example is gcc 4.8 with NetBSD 7.  While this can compile most c++11
   programs, it cannot be used for firefox or glibmm (and therefore any
   package that links against glibmm).
   
 Issues when using pkgsrc gcc are that  Issues when using pkgsrc gcc are that
   
     - on some platforms, pkgsrc gcc does not build and work
   - it must be bootstrapped, requiring compiling a number of packages    - it must be bootstrapped, requiring compiling a number of packages
     with the system compiler      with the system compiler
   - C++ packages that are linked together should be built with the    - C++ packages that are linked together should be built with the
Line 62  This section attempts to gather all the  Line 66  This section attempts to gather all the 
     clang, when set to use GCC, at least as well as the current      clang, when set to use GCC, at least as well as the current
     scheme.  It is desirable for this logic to work on NetBSD 5.      scheme.  It is desirable for this logic to work on NetBSD 5.
   
     - All systems should work at least as well as they do before
       implementation of new compiler selection logic.
   
   - The compiler selection logic should be understandable and not brittle.    - The compiler selection logic should be understandable and not brittle.
   
 ## Design  ## Design
Line 81  sound while mimimizing complexity. Line 88  sound while mimimizing complexity.
     4.9.      4.9.
   
   - A user-settable variable PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION will declare the    - A user-settable variable PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION will declare the
     version of gcc to be used for C programs, with an OS- and      version of gcc to be used for C programs, with an OS-,
     version--specific default.      version- and architeture- specific default.
   
   - A user-settable variable PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION will declare the version of gcc to    - A user-settable variable PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION will declare the
     be used for all C++ programs, again with an OS- and      version of gcc to be used for all C++ programs, again with an OS-,
     version-specific default.  It must be at least PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION.      version- and architeture-specific default.  It must be at least
       PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION.
   
     - If PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION and PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION are not set, the
       system will behave much as before.  As a possible exception,
       builds may still fail if the required version is greater than the
       base system version.  So far the only known reason to avoid
       setting these variable is if pkgsrc gcc cannot be built.
   
   - Each of c99, c++, c++11, and c++14 will be associated with a    - Each of c99, c++, c++11, and c++14 will be associated with a
     minimum gcc version, such that almost all programs declaring that      minimum gcc version, such that almost all programs declaring that
Line 128  sound while mimimizing complexity. Line 142  sound while mimimizing complexity.
     approach is possible inconsistency with gcc's dependencies being      approach is possible inconsistency with gcc's dependencies being
     built with the base compiler and used later.      built with the base compiler and used later.
   
       As an alternative, we store lists of bootstrap packages in a
       variable, because it will vary with OS and version, and with
       PREFER_PKGSRC settings.
   
       As a third alternative, we pass a GCC_BOOTSTRAPPING variable
       recursively.  This is easier but less consistent.
   
   - We hope that the chosen version can be built using the base system    - We hope that the chosen version can be built using the base system
     version, and hope to avoid multi-stage bootstrapping.      version, and hope to avoid multi-stage bootstrapping.
   
Line 137  sound while mimimizing complexity. Line 158  sound while mimimizing complexity.
   
 ## Remaining issues  ## Remaining issues
   
 ### gcc dependencies  ### gcc dependencies introduction
   
 Because gcc can have dependencies, there could be packages built with  Because gcc can have dependencies, there could be packages built with
 the system compiler that are then later used with the chosen version.  the system compiler that are then later used with the chosen version.
Line 145  For now, we defer worrying about these p Line 166  For now, we defer worrying about these p
 will be less serious than the current situation where all c++11  will be less serious than the current situation where all c++11
 programs fail to build on NetBSD 6).  programs fail to build on NetBSD 6).
   
   \todo: Perhaps change gcc 4.8 and 4.9 to enable gcc-inplace-math by
   default.  Perhaps decide that if we want to build gcc, we want to
   build 5 or 6, and 4.9 is no longer of interest as a bootstrap target.
   
 \todo: Analyze what build-time and install-time dependencies actually  \todo: Analyze what build-time and install-time dependencies actually
 exist.  exist.  Include old GNU/Linux in this analysis.
   
   \todo: Consider if dropping nls would help.  (On NetBSD, it seems that
   base system libraries are used, so it would not help.)
   
   \todo: Consider failing if optins that we want one way are another,
   when bootstrapping.
   
   ### managing gcc dependencies
   
   There are multiple paths forward.
   
   \todo Choose one.  Straw proposal is "Don't worry" and recursive
   variable for the initial implementation.
   
   #### Separate prefix
   
   Build compilers in a separate prefix, or a subprefix, so that the
   compiler and the packages needed to build it will not be used by any
   normal packages.  This completely avoids the issue of building a
   package one way in bootstrap and another not in bootstrap, at the cost
   of two builds and writing the separate-prefix code.
   
   #### Don't worry
   
   Don't worry that packages used to bootstrap the needed compiler are
   compiled with an older compiler.  Don't worry that they might be
   different depending on build order.  If we have an actual problem,
   deal with it.  This requires choosing an approach to omit compiler
   selection logic when building the compiler:
   
   ##### Mark bootstrap packages
   
   Mark packages used to build gcc as PKGSRC_GCC_BOOTSTRAP=yes.
   Conditionalize this on OPSYS if necessary.  Don't force the compiler
   if this is set.
   
 \todo: Discuss adjusting options to minimize dependencies, including  Alternatively, manage a per-OS list of packages in a central mk file.
 gcc-inplace-math and nls.  
   ##### Pass a recursive variable
   
   As above, but set PKGSRC_GCC_BOOTSTRAP=yes in the evniroment of the
   call to build the compiler, so that all dependencies inherit
   permission to skip compiler selection logic.  (Alternatively, use some
   other mechanism such as passing a make variable explicitly.)
   
 ### Differing GCC and GXX versions  ### Differing GCC and GXX versions
   
Line 159  systems with a base system compiler olde Line 225  systems with a base system compiler olde
 bootstrap the compiler.  For now, we allow them to differ and will  bootstrap the compiler.  For now, we allow them to differ and will
 permit the defaults to differ.  permit the defaults to differ.
   
   ### gcc versions and number of buildable packages
   
   A gcc version that is too old will not build a number of packages.
   Anything older than 4.8 fails for c++11.  4.8 fails on some c++11
   packages, such as firefox and glibmm.
   
   A version that is too new also fails to build packages.  Jason Bacon
   posted counts to tech-pkg indicate that 5 is close to 4.8 in the
   number of packages built, and that moving to 6 causes hundreds of
   additional failures.  (Keep in mind that currently, building with 4.8
   will build 4.9 for firefox, but in the future will not.)
   
       www/pkgsrc/packages/sharedapps/pkg-2017Q3/RHEL6-gcc48/All   16461
       www/pkgsrc/packages/sharedapps/pkg-2017Q3/RHEL6-gcc6/All    15849
   
       www/pkgsrc/packages/sharedapps/pkg-2017Q3/RHEL7-gcc48/All   16414
       www/pkgsrc/packages/sharedapps/pkg-2017Q3/RHEL7-gcc5/All    16338
   
   Therefore, the current answer to "What is the best version to use" is
   5.
   
 ### Default versions for various systems  ### Default versions for various systems
   
 Note that if for any particular system's set of installed packages (or  Note that if for any particular system's set of installed packages (or
Line 168  built it earlier. Line 255  built it earlier.
 When the base system is old (e.g., gcc 4.5 in NetBSD 6, or 4.1, in  When the base system is old (e.g., gcc 4.5 in NetBSD 6, or 4.1, in
 NetBSD 5), then it is clear that a newer version must be built.  For  NetBSD 5), then it is clear that a newer version must be built.  For
 these, PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION should default to a newish gcc, avoiding  these, PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION should default to a newish gcc, avoiding
 being so new as to cause building issues.  Currently, gcc6 is probably  being so new as to cause building issues.  Currently, gcc5 is probably
 a good choice.  PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION should probably default to the  a good choice, with gcc6 compiling significantly but not vastly fewer
 system version if it can build all C99 programs, or match  packages.  PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION should probably default to the system
 PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION, if the system version is too old.  Perhaps gcc 4.5  version if it can build all C99 programs, or match PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION,
 would be used, but 4.1 not used.  \todo Discuss.  if the system version is too old.  Perhaps gcc 4.5 would be used, but
   4.1 not used.  \todo Discuss.
   
 When the base system is almost new enough, the decision about the  When the base system is almost new enough, the decision about the
 default is more complicated.  A key example is gcc 4.8, found in  default is more complicated.  A key example is gcc 4.8, found in
Line 184  fail, and the general rule of moving to  Line 272  fail, and the general rule of moving to 
 generally-acceptable version applies, which currently leads to gcc6.  generally-acceptable version applies, which currently leads to gcc6.
 This is in effect a declaration that "almost new enough" does not  This is in effect a declaration that "almost new enough" does not
 count as new enough.  Thus the plan for NetBSD 7 is to set  count as new enough.  Thus the plan for NetBSD 7 is to set
 PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION to 4.8 and PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION to 6.  PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION to 4.8 and PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION to 5.
   
 When the base system is new, e.g. gcc 5 or gcc 6 it should simply be  When the base system is new enough, e.g. gcc 5, 6 or 7 it should
 used.  By "new enough", we mean that almost no programs in pkgsrc fail  simply be used.  By "new enough", we mean that almost no programs in
 to build with it, which implies that it supports (almost all) C++14  pkgsrc fail to build with it (because it is too old), which implies
 programs.   Our current definiton of new enough is gcc 5.  that it supports (almost all) C++14 programs.  Our current definiton
   of new enough is gcc 5.
   
 ### Limited mixed versions  ### Limited mixed versions
   
Line 208  situations. Line 297  situations.
 Fortran support is currently somewhat troubled..  It seems obvious to  Fortran support is currently somewhat troubled..  It seems obvious to
 extend to PGKSRC_GFORTRAN_VERSION, and have that match  extend to PGKSRC_GFORTRAN_VERSION, and have that match
 PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION or PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION, but the Fortran situation is  PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION or PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION, but the Fortran situation is
 not worsened by the above design.  \todo Discuss.  not worsened by the above design.
   
   When building a gcc version, we get gfortran.  Perhaps, because of
   fortran, we should require a single version, vs a C and a C++ version.
   
   \todo Discuss.
   
   ### C++ libraries used by C programs
   
   The choice of one version for C++ and one for C (e.g. 5, 4.8 on
   netbsd-7) breaks down if a C program links against a library that is
   written in C++ but provides a C API, because we still need the C++
   version's stdlib.
   
   \todo Define a variable for such packages to have in their buildlink3,
   which will not add c++ to USE_LANGUAGES but will force
   PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION to be used.  Or decide that this is a good reason
   to really just have one compiler version.
   
 ## Path forward  ## Path forward
   
   (This assumes per-package marking of bootstrap packages, but is
   reasonably obviously extended to the other schemes.)
   
  - Modify all gcc packages to have minimal dependencies, and to add   - Modify all gcc packages to have minimal dependencies, and to add
    PKGSRC_GCC_BOOTSTRAP.     PKGSRC_GCC_BOOTSTRAP.
   
Line 221  not worsened by the above design.  \todo Line 330  not worsened by the above design.  \todo
  - Modify the compiler selection logic for LANGUAGES= to fail if   - Modify the compiler selection logic for LANGUAGES= to fail if
    PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION/PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION is not new enough.     PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION/PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION is not new enough.
   
  - Modify the compiler selection logic for GCC_REQD to fail if the   - Modify the compiler selection logic for GCC_REQD to fail if
    version of GCC/GXX is not new enough.     PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION/PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION is not new enough.
   
  - Decide on defaults.  The straw proposal is that PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION   - Decide on defaults.  The straw proposal is that PKGSRC_GCC_VERSION
    is the base system version if >= 4.5 (or 4.4?), and otherwise 6,     is the base system version if >= 4.5 (or 4.4?), and otherwise 5,
    and that PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION is the base system version if >= 5, and     and that PKGSRC_GXX_VERSION is the base system version if >= 5, and
    otherwise 6.     otherwise 5.  Implement these in platform.mk as they are tested.
   
 ### Later steps  ### Later steps
   
  - Address fortran.   - Address fortran.  Probably add PKGSRC_GFORTRAN_VERSION, after
      determining how Fortran, C and C++ interact with library ABI
      compatibility.
Removed from v.1.3  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.10

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