version 1.4, 2013/03/24 17:52:45
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version 1.5, 2013/03/24 17:59:40
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## Introduction |
## Introduction |
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This chapter will guide you through the installation process. The concepts |
This chapter will guide you through the installation process. The concepts |
presented here apply to all installation methods. The only difference is in the |
presented here apply to all installation methods. The only difference is in the |
way the distribution sets are fetched by the installer. Some details of the |
way the distribution sets are fetched by the installer. Some details of the |
installation differ depending on the NetBSD release: The examples from this |
installation differ depending on the NetBSD release: The examples from this |
chapter were created with NetBSD 5.0. |
chapter were created with NetBSD 5.0. |
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### Note |
### Note |
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The following install screens are just examples. Do not simply copy them, as |
The following install screens are just examples. Do not simply copy them, as |
your hardware and configuration details may be different! |
your hardware and configuration details may be different! |
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## The installation process |
## The installation process |
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The installation process is divided logically in two parts. In the first part |
The installation process is divided logically in two parts. In the first part |
you create a partition for NetBSD and write the disklabel for that partition. In |
you create a partition for NetBSD and write the disklabel for that partition. In |
the second part you decide which distribution sets (subsets of the operating |
the second part you decide which distribution sets (subsets of the operating |
system) you want to install and then extract the files into the newly created |
system) you want to install and then extract the files into the newly created |
partition(s). |
partition(s). |
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## Keyboard layout |
## Keyboard layout |
Line 44 US | IT | DE | FR
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Line 44 US | IT | DE | FR
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`\` | `ù` | `#` | `` ` `` |
`\` | `ù` | `#` | `` ` `` |
"""]] |
"""]] |
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The NetBSD install program sysinst allows you to change the keyboard layout |
The NetBSD install program sysinst allows you to change the keyboard layout |
during the installation. If for some reason this does not work for you, you can |
during the installation. If for some reason this does not work for you, you can |
use the map in the following table. |
use the map in the following table. |
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## Starting the installation |
## Starting the installation |
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To start the installation of NetBSD, insert your chosen boot media (CD/DVD, USB |
To start the installation of NetBSD, insert your chosen boot media (CD/DVD, USB |
drive, floppy, etc.) and reboot the computer. The kernel on the installation |
drive, floppy, etc.) and reboot the computer. The kernel on the installation |
medium will be booted and start displaying a lot of messages on the screen about |
medium will be booted and start displaying a lot of messages on the screen about |
hardware being detected. |
hardware being detected. |
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**Selecting the language** |
**Selecting the language** |
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When the kernel has booted you will find yourself in the NetBSD installation |
When the kernel has booted you will find yourself in the NetBSD installation |
program, sysinst, shown in the previous figure. From here on you should follow |
program, sysinst, shown in the previous figure. From here on you should follow |
the instructions displayed on the screen, using the `INSTALL` document as a |
the instructions displayed on the screen, using the `INSTALL` document as a |
companion reference. You will find the INSTALL document in various formats in |
companion reference. You will find the INSTALL document in various formats in |
the root directory of the NetBSD release. The sysinst screens all have more or |
the root directory of the NetBSD release. The sysinst screens all have more or |
less the same layout: the upper part of the screen shows a short description of |
less the same layout: the upper part of the screen shows a short description of |
the current operation or a short help message, and the rest of the screen is |
the current operation or a short help message, and the rest of the screen is |
made up of interactive menus and prompts. To make a choice, use the cursor keys, |
made up of interactive menus and prompts. To make a choice, use the cursor keys, |
the `Ctrl+N` (next) and `Ctrl+P` (previous) keys, or press one of the letters |
the `Ctrl+N` (next) and `Ctrl+P` (previous) keys, or press one of the letters |
displayed left of each choice. Confirm your choice by pressing the Return key. |
displayed left of each choice. Confirm your choice by pressing the Return key. |
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Start by selecting the language you prefer to use for the installation process. |
Start by selecting the language you prefer to use for the installation process. |
Line 81 This will bring you to the main menu of
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Line 81 This will bring you to the main menu of
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**The sysinst main menu** |
**The sysinst main menu** |
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Choosing the *Install NetBSD to hard disk* option brings you to the next screen |
Choosing the *Install NetBSD to hard disk* option brings you to the next screen |
, where you need to confirm that you want to continue the installation: |
, where you need to confirm that you want to continue the installation: |
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**Confirming to install NetBSD** |
**Confirming to install NetBSD** |
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After choosing *Yes* to continue, sysinst displays a list of one or more disks |
After choosing *Yes* to continue, sysinst displays a list of one or more disks |
and asks which one you want to install NetBSD on. In the example given in the |
and asks which one you want to install NetBSD on. In the example given in the |
following figure, there are two disks, and NetBSD will be installed on `wd0`, |
following figure, there are two disks, and NetBSD will be installed on `wd0`, |
the first IDE disk found. If you use SCSI or external USB disks, the first will |
the first IDE disk found. If you use SCSI or external USB disks, the first will |
be named `sd0`, the second `sd1` and so on. |
be named `sd0`, the second `sd1` and so on. |
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**Choosing a hard disk** |
**Choosing a hard disk** |
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The installer will then ask whether you want to do a full, minimal or custom |
The installer will then ask whether you want to do a full, minimal or custom |
installation. NetBSD is broken into a collection of distributions sets. *Full |
installation. NetBSD is broken into a collection of distributions sets. *Full |
installation* is the default and will install all sets; *Minimal installation* |
installation* is the default and will install all sets; *Minimal installation* |
will only install a small core set, the minimum of what is needed for a working |
will only install a small core set, the minimum of what is needed for a working |
system. If you select *Custom installation* you can select which sets you would |
system. If you select *Custom installation* you can select which sets you would |
like to have installed. This step is shown here: |
like to have installed. This step is shown here: |
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**Full or custom installation** |
**Full or custom installation** |
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If you choose to do a custom installation, sysinst will allow you to choose |
If you choose to do a custom installation, sysinst will allow you to choose |
which distribution sets to install, as shown in the following figure. At a |
which distribution sets to install, as shown in the following figure. At a |
minimum, you must select a kernel and the *Base* and *System (/etc)* sets. |
minimum, you must select a kernel and the *Base* and *System (/etc)* sets. |
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Line 115 minimum, you must select a kernel and th
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Line 115 minimum, you must select a kernel and th
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## MBR partitions |
## MBR partitions |
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The first important step of the installation has come: the partitioning of the |
The first important step of the installation has come: the partitioning of the |
hard disk. First, you need to specify whether NetBSD will use a partition |
hard disk. First, you need to specify whether NetBSD will use a partition |
(suggested choice) or the whole disk. In the former case it is still possible to |
(suggested choice) or the whole disk. In the former case it is still possible to |
create a partition that uses the whole hard disk (see below) so we recommend |
create a partition that uses the whole hard disk (see below) so we recommend |
that you select this option as it keeps the BIOS partition table in a format |
that you select this option as it keeps the BIOS partition table in a format |
which is compatible with other operating systems. |
which is compatible with other operating systems. |
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**Choosing the partitioning scheme** |
**Choosing the partitioning scheme** |
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The next screen shows the current state of the MBR partition table on the hard |
The next screen shows the current state of the MBR partition table on the hard |
disk before the installation of NetBSD. There are four primary partitions, and |
disk before the installation of NetBSD. There are four primary partitions, and |
as you can see, this example disk is currently empty. If you do have other |
as you can see, this example disk is currently empty. If you do have other |
partitions you can leave them around and install NetBSD on a partition that is |
partitions you can leave them around and install NetBSD on a partition that is |
currently unused, or you can overwrite a partition to use it for NetBSD. |
currently unused, or you can overwrite a partition to use it for NetBSD. |
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**fdisk** |
**fdisk** |
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Deleting a partition is simple: after selecting the partition, a menu with |
Deleting a partition is simple: after selecting the partition, a menu with |
options for that partition will appear (see below). Change the partition kind to |
options for that partition will appear (see below). Change the partition kind to |
*Delete partition* to remove the partition. Of course, if you want to use the |
*Delete partition* to remove the partition. Of course, if you want to use the |
partition for NetBSD you can set the partition kind to *NetBSD*. |
partition for NetBSD you can set the partition kind to *NetBSD*. |
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You can create a partition for NetBSD by selecting the partition you want to |
You can create a partition for NetBSD by selecting the partition you want to |
install NetBSD to. The partition names `a` to `d` correspond to the four primary |
install NetBSD to. The partition names `a` to `d` correspond to the four primary |
partitions on other operating systems. After selecting a partition, a menu with |
partitions on other operating systems. After selecting a partition, a menu with |
options for that partition will appear, as shown here: |
options for that partition will appear, as shown here: |
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Line 153 To create a new partition, the following
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Line 153 To create a new partition, the following
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* the first (start) sector of the new partition |
* the first (start) sector of the new partition |
* the size of the new partition |
* the size of the new partition |
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Choose the partition type *NetBSD* for the new partition (using the `type` |
Choose the partition type *NetBSD* for the new partition (using the `type` |
option). The installation program will try to guess the *start* position based |
option). The installation program will try to guess the *start* position based |
on the end of the preceding partition. Change this value if necessary. The same |
on the end of the preceding partition. Change this value if necessary. The same |
thing applies to the `size` option; the installation program will try to fill in |
thing applies to the `size` option; the installation program will try to fill in |
the space that is available until the next partition or the end of the disk |
the space that is available until the next partition or the end of the disk |
(depending on which comes first). You can change this value if it is incorrect, |
(depending on which comes first). You can change this value if it is incorrect, |
or if you do not want NetBSD to use the suggested amount of space. |
or if you do not want NetBSD to use the suggested amount of space. |
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After you have chosen the partition type, start position, and size, it is a good |
After you have chosen the partition type, start position, and size, it is a good |
idea to set the name that should be used in the boot menu. You can do this by |
idea to set the name that should be used in the boot menu. You can do this by |
selecting the *bootmenu* option and providing a label, e.g., `NetBSD`. It is a |
selecting the *bootmenu* option and providing a label, e.g., `NetBSD`. It is a |
good idea to repeat this step for other bootable partitions so you can boot both |
good idea to repeat this step for other bootable partitions so you can boot both |
NetBSD and a Windows system (or other operating systems) using the NetBSD |
NetBSD and a Windows system (or other operating systems) using the NetBSD |
bootselector. If you are satisfied with the partition options, confirm your |
bootselector. If you are satisfied with the partition options, confirm your |
choice by selecting *Partition OK*. Choose *Partition table OK* to leave the MBR |
choice by selecting *Partition OK*. Choose *Partition table OK* to leave the MBR |
partition table editor. |
partition table editor. |
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If you have made an error in partitioning (for example you have created |
If you have made an error in partitioning (for example you have created |
overlapping partitions) sysinst will display a message and suggest that you go |
overlapping partitions) sysinst will display a message and suggest that you go |
back to the MBR partition editor (but you are also allowed to continue). If the |
back to the MBR partition editor (but you are also allowed to continue). If the |
data is correct but the NetBSD partition lies outside the range of sectors which |
data is correct but the NetBSD partition lies outside the range of sectors which |
is bootable by the BIOS, sysinst will warn you and ask if you want to proceed |
is bootable by the BIOS, sysinst will warn you and ask if you want to proceed |
anyway. Doing so may lead to problems on older PCs. |
anyway. Doing so may lead to problems on older PCs. |
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*Note*: This is not a limitation of NetBSD. Some old BIOSes cannot boot a |
*Note*: This is not a limitation of NetBSD. Some old BIOSes cannot boot a |
partition which lies outside the first 1024 cylinders. To fully understand the |
partition which lies outside the first 1024 cylinders. To fully understand the |
problem you should study the different type of BIOSes and the many addressing |
problem you should study the different type of BIOSes and the many addressing |
schemes that they use (*physical CHS*, *logical CHS*, *LBA*, ...). These topics |
schemes that they use (*physical CHS*, *logical CHS*, *LBA*, ...). These topics |
are not described in this guide. |
are not described in this guide. |
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On modern computers (those with support for *int13 extensions*), it is possible |
On modern computers (those with support for *int13 extensions*), it is possible |
to install NetBSD in partitions that live outside the first 8 GB of the hard |
to install NetBSD in partitions that live outside the first 8 GB of the hard |
disk, provided that the NetBSD boot selector is installed. |
disk, provided that the NetBSD boot selector is installed. |
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Next, sysinst will offer to install a boot selector on the hard disk. This |
Next, sysinst will offer to install a boot selector on the hard disk. This |
screen is shown here: |
screen is shown here: |
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**Installing the boot selector** |
**Installing the boot selector** |
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At this point, the *BIOS partitions* (called *slices* on BSD systems) have been |
At this point, the *BIOS partitions* (called *slices* on BSD systems) have been |
created. They are also called *PC BIOS partitions*, *MBR partitions* or *fdisk |
created. They are also called *PC BIOS partitions*, *MBR partitions* or *fdisk |
partitions*. |
partitions*. |
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*Note*: Do not confuse the *slices* or *BIOS partitions* with the *BSD |
*Note*: Do not confuse the *slices* or *BIOS partitions* with the *BSD |
partitions*, which are different things. |
partitions*, which are different things. |
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## Disklabel partitions |
## Disklabel partitions |
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Some platforms, like PC systems (amd64 and i386), use DOS-style MBR partitions |
Some platforms, like PC systems (amd64 and i386), use DOS-style MBR partitions |
to separate file systems. The MBR partition you created earlier in the |
to separate file systems. The MBR partition you created earlier in the |
installation process is necessary to make sure that other operating systems do |
installation process is necessary to make sure that other operating systems do |
not overwrite the diskspace that you allocated to NetBSD. |
not overwrite the diskspace that you allocated to NetBSD. |
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NetBSD uses its own partition scheme, called a *disklabel*, which is stored at |
NetBSD uses its own partition scheme, called a *disklabel*, which is stored at |
the start of the MBR partition. In the next few steps you will create a |
the start of the MBR partition. In the next few steps you will create a |
[disklabel(5)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+5+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
[disklabel(5)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+5+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
and set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or use existing partition sizes, as |
and set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or use existing partition sizes, as |
shown here: |
shown here: |
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**Edit partitions?** |
**Edit partitions?** |
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When you choose to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions you can define the |
When you choose to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions you can define the |
partitions you would like to create. The installation program will generate a |
partitions you would like to create. The installation program will generate a |
disklabel based on these settings. This installation screen is shown here: |
disklabel based on these settings. This installation screen is shown here: |
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**Setting partition sizes** |
**Setting partition sizes** |
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The default partition scheme of just using a big `/` (root) file system (plus |
The default partition scheme of just using a big `/` (root) file system (plus |
swap) works fine with NetBSD, and there is little need to change this. The |
swap) works fine with NetBSD, and there is little need to change this. The |
previous figure shows how to change the size of the swap partition to 600 MB. |
previous figure shows how to change the size of the swap partition to 600 MB. |
Changing `/tmp` to reside on a *RAM disk* |
Changing `/tmp` to reside on a *RAM disk* |
([mfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?mfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386)) for |
([mfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?mfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386)) for |
extra speed may be a good idea. Other partition schemes may use separate |
extra speed may be a good idea. Other partition schemes may use separate |
partitions for `/var`, `/usr` and/or `/home`, but you should use your own |
partitions for `/var`, `/usr` and/or `/home`, but you should use your own |
experience to decide if you need this. |
experience to decide if you need this. |
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The next step is to create the disklabel and edit its partitions, if necessary, |
The next step is to create the disklabel and edit its partitions, if necessary, |
using the disklabel editor (see below). If you predefined the partition sizes in |
using the disklabel editor (see below). If you predefined the partition sizes in |
the previous step, the resulting disklabel will probably fit your wishes. In |
the previous step, the resulting disklabel will probably fit your wishes. In |
that case you can complete the process immediately by selecting *Partition sizes |
that case you can complete the process immediately by selecting *Partition sizes |
ok*. |
ok*. |
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**The disklabel editor** |
**The disklabel editor** |
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There are two reserved partitions, `c`, representing the NetBSD partition, and |
There are two reserved partitions, `c`, representing the NetBSD partition, and |
`d`, representing the whole disk. You can edit all other partitions by using the |
`d`, representing the whole disk. You can edit all other partitions by using the |
cursor keys and pressing the return key. You can add a partition by selecting an |
cursor keys and pressing the return key. You can add a partition by selecting an |
unused slot and setting parameters for that partition. The partition editing |
unused slot and setting parameters for that partition. The partition editing |
screen is shown below: |
screen is shown below: |
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Line 252 screen is shown below:
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Line 252 screen is shown below:
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## Setting the disk name |
## Setting the disk name |
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After defining the partitions in the new disklabel, the last item is to enter a |
After defining the partitions in the new disklabel, the last item is to enter a |
name for the NetBSD disk as shown bwlow. This can be used later to distinguish |
name for the NetBSD disk as shown bwlow. This can be used later to distinguish |
between disklabels of otherwise identical disks. |
between disklabels of otherwise identical disks. |
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Line 261 between disklabels of otherwise identica
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Line 261 between disklabels of otherwise identica
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## Last chance! |
## Last chance! |
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The installer now has all the data it needs to prepare the disk. Nothing has |
The installer now has all the data it needs to prepare the disk. Nothing has |
been written to the disk at this point, and now is your last chance to abort the |
been written to the disk at this point, and now is your last chance to abort the |
installation process before actually writing data to the disk. Choose *no* to |
installation process before actually writing data to the disk. Choose *no* to |
abort the installation process and return to the main menu, or continue by |
abort the installation process and return to the main menu, or continue by |
selecting *yes*. |
selecting *yes*. |
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Line 272 selecting *yes*.
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Line 272 selecting *yes*.
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## The disk preparation process |
## The disk preparation process |
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After confirming that sysinst should prepare the disk, it will run |
After confirming that sysinst should prepare the disk, it will run |
[disklabel(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
[disklabel(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
to create the NetBSD partition layout and |
to create the NetBSD partition layout and |
[newfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?newfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) to |
[newfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?newfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) to |
create the file systems on the disk. |
create the file systems on the disk. |
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After preparing the NetBSD partitions and their filesystems, the next question |
After preparing the NetBSD partitions and their filesystems, the next question |
(shown in the next figure) is which *bootblocks* to install. Usually you will |
(shown in the next figure) is which *bootblocks* to install. Usually you will |
choose the default of *BIOS console*, i.e., show boot messages on your |
choose the default of *BIOS console*, i.e., show boot messages on your |
computer's display. |
computer's display. |
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If you run a farm of machines without monitor, it may be more convenient to use |
If you run a farm of machines without monitor, it may be more convenient to use |
a serial console running on one of the serial ports. The menu also allows |
a serial console running on one of the serial ports. The menu also allows |
changing the serial port's baud rate from the default of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, |
changing the serial port's baud rate from the default of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, |
no parity and one stopbit. |
no parity and one stopbit. |
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Line 293 no parity and one stopbit.
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Line 293 no parity and one stopbit.
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## Choosing the installation media |
## Choosing the installation media |
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At this point, you have finished the first and most difficult part of the |
At this point, you have finished the first and most difficult part of the |
installation! |
installation! |
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The second half of the installation process consists of populating the file |
The second half of the installation process consists of populating the file |
systems by extracting the distribution sets that you selected earlier (base, |
systems by extracting the distribution sets that you selected earlier (base, |
compiler tools, games, etc). Before unpacking the sets, sysinst asks what |
compiler tools, games, etc). Before unpacking the sets, sysinst asks what |
information you would like to see during that process, as shown below. You can |
information you would like to see during that process, as shown below. You can |
choose between a progress bar, a display of the name of each extracted file, or |
choose between a progress bar, a display of the name of each extracted file, or |
nothing. |
nothing. |
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**Choosing the verbosity of the extraction process** |
**Choosing the verbosity of the extraction process** |
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Now sysinst needs to find the NetBSD sets and you must tell it where to find |
Now sysinst needs to find the NetBSD sets and you must tell it where to find |
them. The menu offers several choices, as shown below. The options are explained |
them. The menu offers several choices, as shown below. The options are explained |
in detail in the `INSTALL` documents. |
in detail in the `INSTALL` documents. |
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Line 315 in detail in the `INSTALL` documents.
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Line 315 in detail in the `INSTALL` documents.
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### Installing from CD-ROM or DVD |
### Installing from CD-ROM or DVD |
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When selecting *CD-ROM / DVD*, sysinst asks the name of the CD-ROM or DVD device |
When selecting *CD-ROM / DVD*, sysinst asks the name of the CD-ROM or DVD device |
and the directory in which the set files are stored, see below. The device is |
and the directory in which the set files are stored, see below. The device is |
usually `cd0` for the first CD-ROM or DVD drive, regardless of whether it is IDE |
usually `cd0` for the first CD-ROM or DVD drive, regardless of whether it is IDE |
or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire). |
or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire). |
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Line 325 or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire).
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Line 325 or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire).
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### The CD-ROM/DVD device name |
### The CD-ROM/DVD device name |
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If you don't know the name of the CD-ROM/DVD device, you can find by doing the |
If you don't know the name of the CD-ROM/DVD device, you can find by doing the |
following: |
following: |
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1. Press Ctrl-Z to pause sysinst and go to the shell prompt. |
1. Press Ctrl-Z to pause sysinst and go to the shell prompt. |
Line 346 following:
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Line 346 following:
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### Installing from an unmounted file system |
### Installing from an unmounted file system |
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The next figure shows the menu to install NetBSD from an unmounted file system. |
The next figure shows the menu to install NetBSD from an unmounted file system. |
It is necessary to specify the device (*Device*), the file system of the device |
It is necessary to specify the device (*Device*), the file system of the device |
(*File system*) and the path to the install sets (*Set directory*). The setting |
(*File system*) and the path to the install sets (*Set directory*). The setting |
for the *Base directory* is optional and can be kept blank. |
for the *Base directory* is optional and can be kept blank. |
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In the following example the install sets are stored on a *MSDOS* file system, |
In the following example the install sets are stored on a *MSDOS* file system, |
on partition `e` on the device `sd0`. |
on partition `e` on the device `sd0`. |
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**Mounting a file system** |
**Mounting a file system** |
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It is usually necessary to specify the device name and the partition. The |
It is usually necessary to specify the device name and the partition. The |
following figure shows how to specify device `sd0` with partition `e`. |
following figure shows how to specify device `sd0` with partition `e`. |
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**Mounting a partition** |
**Mounting a partition** |
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In the next figure, the file system type is specified. It is `msdos` but it |
In the next figure, the file system type is specified. It is `msdos` but it |
could also be the NetBSD file system `ffs` or `ext2fs`, a Linux file system. The |
could also be the NetBSD file system `ffs` or `ext2fs`, a Linux file system. The |
*Base directory item is left blank and the binary sets are stored under `/sets`. |
*Base directory item is left blank and the binary sets are stored under `/sets`. |
Choosing *Continue* will start the extraction of the sets. |
Choosing *Continue* will start the extraction of the sets. |
* |
* |
|
|
Line 374 Choosing *Continue* will start the extra
|
Line 374 Choosing *Continue* will start the extra
|
|
|
### Installing via FTP |
### Installing via FTP |
|
|
If you choose to install from a local network or the Internet via FTP, sysinst |
If you choose to install from a local network or the Internet via FTP, sysinst |
will configure the system's network connection, download the selected set files |
will configure the system's network connection, download the selected set files |
to a temporary directory, and then extract them. |
to a temporary directory, and then extract them. |
|
|
NetBSD currently supports installation via ethernet, USB ethernet or wireless, |
NetBSD currently supports installation via ethernet, USB ethernet or wireless, |
and wireless LAN. Installation via DSL (PPP over Ethernet) is not supported |
and wireless LAN. Installation via DSL (PPP over Ethernet) is not supported |
during installation. |
during installation. |
|
|
The first step shown in the next figure further below consists of selecting |
The first step shown in the next figure further below consists of selecting |
which network card to configure. sysinst will determine a list of available |
which network card to configure. sysinst will determine a list of available |
network interfaces, present them and ask which one to use. |
network interfaces, present them and ask which one to use. |
|
|
*Note*: The exact names of your network interfaces depend on the hardware you |
*Note*: The exact names of your network interfaces depend on the hardware you |
use. Example interfaces are `wm` for Intel Gigabit interfaces, `ne` for NE2000 |
use. Example interfaces are `wm` for Intel Gigabit interfaces, `ne` for NE2000 |
and compatible ethernet cards, and `ath` for Atheros based wireless cards. This |
and compatible ethernet cards, and `ath` for Atheros based wireless cards. This |
list is by no means complete, and NetBSD supports many more network devices. |
list is by no means complete, and NetBSD supports many more network devices. |
|
|
To get a list of network interfaces available on your system, interrupt the |
To get a list of network interfaces available on your system, interrupt the |
installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter |
installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter |
|
|
# ifconfig -a |
# ifconfig -a |
Line 410 installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z
|
Line 410 installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z
|
sl0: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
sl0: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
sl1: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
sl1: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
strip0: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
strip0: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
strip1: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
strip1: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
|
|
To get more information about all the devices found during system startup, |
To get more information about all the devices found during system startup, |
including network devices, type |
including network devices, type |
|
|
# dmesg | more |
# dmesg | more |
Line 426 You can return to the NetBSD installatio
|
Line 426 You can return to the NetBSD installatio
|
|
|
Next, you have a chance to set your network medium. |
Next, you have a chance to set your network medium. |
|
|
*Note*: It is unlikely that you will need to enter anything other than the |
*Note*: It is unlikely that you will need to enter anything other than the |
default here. If you experience problems like very slow transfers or timeouts, |
default here. If you experience problems like very slow transfers or timeouts, |
you may, for example, force different duplex settings for ethernet cards. To get |
you may, for example, force different duplex settings for ethernet cards. To get |
a list of supported media and media options for a given network device (ne2, for |
a list of supported media and media options for a given network device (ne2, for |
example), escape from sysinst by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter: |
example), escape from sysinst by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter: |
|
|
# ifconfig -m ne2 |
# ifconfig -m ne2 |
Line 443 example), escape from sysinst by pressin
|
Line 443 example), escape from sysinst by pressin
|
media 10base2 |
media 10base2 |
media autoselect |
media autoselect |
|
|
The various values printed after `media` may be of interest here, including |
The various values printed after `media` may be of interest here, including |
keywords like `autoselect` but also including any `mediaopt` settings. |
keywords like `autoselect` but also including any `mediaopt` settings. |
|
|
Return to the installation by typing: |
Return to the installation by typing: |
|
|
# fg |
# fg |
|
|
The next question will be whether you want to perform DHCP autoconfiguration as |
The next question will be whether you want to perform DHCP autoconfiguration as |
shown in the figure below. Answer *Yes* if you have a DHCP *Dynamic Host |
shown in the figure below. Answer *Yes* if you have a DHCP *Dynamic Host |
Configuration Protocol* (DHCP) running somewhere on your network, and sysinst |
Configuration Protocol* (DHCP) running somewhere on your network, and sysinst |
will fetch a number of defaults from it. Answer *No* to enter all the values |
will fetch a number of defaults from it. Answer *No* to enter all the values |
manually. |
manually. |
|
|
We will assume you answered *No* and go into all the questions asked in detail. |
We will assume you answered *No* and go into all the questions asked in detail. |
Line 461 We will assume you answered *No* and go
|
Line 461 We will assume you answered *No* and go
|
 |
 |
**Using DHCP for network configuration** |
**Using DHCP for network configuration** |
|
|
The image below shows the questions asked for the network configuration. The |
The image below shows the questions asked for the network configuration. The |
values to be entered are: |
values to be entered are: |
|
|
* *Your DNS Domain:* -- This is the name of the domain you are in. |
* *Your DNS Domain:* -- This is the name of the domain you are in. |
* *Your hostname:* -- The name by which other machines can usually address your |
* *Your hostname:* -- The name by which other machines can usually address your |
computer. Not used during installation. |
computer. Not used during installation. |
* *Your IPv4 number:* -- Enter your numerical Internet Protocol address in |
* *Your IPv4 number:* -- Enter your numerical Internet Protocol address in |
*dotted quad* notation here, for example, 192.168.1.3 |
*dotted quad* notation here, for example, 192.168.1.3 |
* *IPv4 Netmask:* -- The netmask for your network, either given as a hex value |
* *IPv4 Netmask:* -- The netmask for your network, either given as a hex value |
(`0xffffff00`) or in dotted-quad notation (`255.255.255.0`). |
(`0xffffff00`) or in dotted-quad notation (`255.255.255.0`). |
* *IPv4 gateway:* -- Your router's (or default gateway's) IP address. Do not |
* *IPv4 gateway:* -- Your router's (or default gateway's) IP address. Do not |
use a hostname here! |
use a hostname here! |
* *IPv4 name server:* -- Your (first) DNS server's IP address. Again, don't use |
* *IPv4 name server:* -- Your (first) DNS server's IP address. Again, don't use |
a hostname. |
a hostname. |
|
|
 |
 |
**Entering and configuring network data** |
**Entering and configuring network data** |
|
|
After answering all of your network configuration info, it will be displayed, |
After answering all of your network configuration info, it will be displayed, |
and you will have a chance to go back and make changes. |
and you will have a chance to go back and make changes. |
|
|
 |
 |
**Confirming network parameters** |
**Confirming network parameters** |
|
|
sysinst will now run a few commands (not displayed in detail here) to configure |
sysinst will now run a few commands (not displayed in detail here) to configure |
the network: flushing the routing table, setting the default route, and testing |
the network: flushing the routing table, setting the default route, and testing |
if the network connection is operational. |
if the network connection is operational. |
|
|
Now that you have a functional network connection, you must tell the installer |
Now that you have a functional network connection, you must tell the installer |
how to get the distribution sets, as shown in the next figure. |
how to get the distribution sets, as shown in the next figure. |
|
|
When you are satisfied with your settings (the defaults work most of the time), |
When you are satisfied with your settings (the defaults work most of the time), |
choose *Get Distribution* to continue. |
choose *Get Distribution* to continue. |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 500 choose *Get Distribution* to continue.
|
Line 500 choose *Get Distribution* to continue.
|
|
|
### Installing via NFS |
### Installing via NFS |
|
|
If you want to install NetBSD from a server in your local network, NFS is an |
If you want to install NetBSD from a server in your local network, NFS is an |
alternative to FTP. |
alternative to FTP. |
|
|
*Note*: Using this installation method requires the ability to set up an NFS |
*Note*: Using this installation method requires the ability to set up an NFS |
server, a topic which is not discussed here. |
server, a topic which is not discussed here. |
|
|
As shown below, you must specify the IP address of the NFS server with "Host", |
As shown below, you must specify the IP address of the NFS server with "Host", |
the "Base directory" that is *exported* by the NFS server, and the "Set |
the "Base directory" that is *exported* by the NFS server, and the "Set |
directory", which contains the install sets. |
directory", which contains the install sets. |
|
|
 |
 |
**NFS install screen** |
**NFS install screen** |
|
|
The following image shows an example: Host `192.168.1.50` is the NFS server that |
The following image shows an example: Host `192.168.1.50` is the NFS server that |
provides the directory `/home/username/Downloads` The NetBSD install sets are |
provides the directory `/home/username/Downloads` The NetBSD install sets are |
stored in the directory `/home/username/Downloads/sets` on the NFS server. |
stored in the directory `/home/username/Downloads/sets` on the NFS server. |
Choose *Continue* to start the installation of the distribution sets. |
Choose *Continue* to start the installation of the distribution sets. |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 523 Choose *Continue* to start the installat
|
Line 523 Choose *Continue* to start the installat
|
|
|
## Extracting sets |
## Extracting sets |
|
|
After the method for obtaining distribution sets has been chosen, and (if |
After the method for obtaining distribution sets has been chosen, and (if |
applicable) after those sets have been transferred, they will be extracted into |
applicable) after those sets have been transferred, they will be extracted into |
the new NetBSD file system. |
the new NetBSD file system. |
|
|
After extracting all selected sets, sysinst will create device nodes in the |
After extracting all selected sets, sysinst will create device nodes in the |
`/dev` directory and then display a message saying that everything went well. |
`/dev` directory and then display a message saying that everything went well. |
|
|
Another message will let you know that the set extraction is now completed, and |
Another message will let you know that the set extraction is now completed, and |
that you will have an opportunity to configure some essential things before |
that you will have an opportunity to configure some essential things before |
finishing the NetBSD installation: |
finishing the NetBSD installation: |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 539 finishing the NetBSD installation:
|
Line 539 finishing the NetBSD installation:
|
|
|
## System configuration |
## System configuration |
|
|
Having reached this point of the installation you will see the configuration |
Having reached this point of the installation you will see the configuration |
menu: |
menu: |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 548 menu:
|
Line 548 menu:
|
Here, you can do the following: |
Here, you can do the following: |
|
|
* *Configure network* -- make changes to the network settings on the installed |
* *Configure network* -- make changes to the network settings on the installed |
system, i.e. either configure it or if you already did, write that |
system, i.e. either configure it or if you already did, write that |
configuration to disk. |
configuration to disk. |
|
|
* *Timezone* -- set your time zone. |
* *Timezone* -- set your time zone. |
|
|
* *Root shell* -- this potion allows you to choose which command line |
* *Root shell* -- this potion allows you to choose which command line |
interpreter, also known as *shell*, will be used for the root account. |
interpreter, also known as *shell*, will be used for the root account. |
|
|
* *Change root password* -- set the password you will use to login in as root. |
* *Change root password* -- set the password you will use to login in as root. |
|
|
* *Enable installation of binary packages* -- this option enables the |
* *Enable installation of binary packages* -- this option enables the |
installation of binary packages (3rd party software). |
installation of binary packages (3rd party software). |
|
|
* *Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source* -- install the pkgsrc |
* *Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source* -- install the pkgsrc |
tree for installing third-party software from source. |
tree for installing third-party software from source. |
|
|
* *Enable sshd* -- enable the secure shell daemon sshd(8) to allow users to |
* *Enable sshd* -- enable the secure shell daemon sshd(8) to allow users to |
login over an insecure network. |
login over an insecure network. |
|
|
* *Enable ntpd* -- ntpd(8) is the daemon to keep the system time accurate. |
* *Enable ntpd* -- ntpd(8) is the daemon to keep the system time accurate. |
|
|
* *Run ntpdate at boot* -- sets the local date and time. |
* *Run ntpdate at boot* -- sets the local date and time. |
|
|
* *Enable mdnsd* -- a daemon invoked at boot time to implement Multicast DNS |
* *Enable mdnsd* -- a daemon invoked at boot time to implement Multicast DNS |
and DNS Service Discovery. |
and DNS Service Discovery. |
|
|
#### Configure network |
#### Configure network |
|
|
The process was already described previously, you can just call it again and |
The process was already described previously, you can just call it again and |
have the results directly written to disk. |
have the results directly written to disk. |
|
|
#### Timezone |
#### Timezone |
|
|
The timezone is Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) by default, and you can use the |
The timezone is Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) by default, and you can use the |
two-level menu of continents/countries and cities shown in the figure below to |
two-level menu of continents/countries and cities shown in the figure below to |
select your timezone with the Return Key. |
select your timezone with the Return Key. |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 590 select your timezone with the Return Key
|
Line 590 select your timezone with the Return Key
|
|
|
#### Root Shell |
#### Root Shell |
|
|
The default is the classic Bourne shell, sh(1). Other choices are the Korn shell |
The default is the classic Bourne shell, sh(1). Other choices are the Korn shell |
(ksh(1)) and the C shell(csh(1)). If, upon reading this, you don't have some |
(ksh(1)) and the C shell(csh(1)). If, upon reading this, you don't have some |
idea of which shell you prefer, simply use the default, as this is a highly |
idea of which shell you prefer, simply use the default, as this is a highly |
subjective decision. Should you later change your mind, root's shell can always |
subjective decision. Should you later change your mind, root's shell can always |
be changed with the chsh(1) command or by directly editing master.passwd(5). |
be changed with the chsh(1) command or by directly editing master.passwd(5). |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 601 be changed with the chsh(1) command or b
|
Line 601 be changed with the chsh(1) command or b
|
|
|
#### Change root password |
#### Change root password |
|
|
Perhaps one of the things that you would want to configurate is your root |
Perhaps one of the things that you would want to configurate is your root |
password. If you don't, it is unset, i.e. you can login as root just by entering |
password. If you don't, it is unset, i.e. you can login as root just by entering |
the login name without a password. |
the login name without a password. |
|
|
 |
 |
**Change root password** |
**Change root password** |
|
|
When you agree to set a root password, sysinst will run the passwd(1) utility |
When you agree to set a root password, sysinst will run the passwd(1) utility |
for you. Please note that the password is not echoed: |
for you. Please note that the password is not echoed: |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 616 for you. Please note that the password i
|
Line 616 for you. Please note that the password i
|
|
|
#### Enable installation of binary packages |
#### Enable installation of binary packages |
|
|
This option installs pkgin(1) and initialises its database. This will feel |
This option installs pkgin(1) and initialises its database. This will feel |
familiar to users of other package tools, such as apt-get, pkg or yum. |
familiar to users of other package tools, such as apt-get, pkg or yum. |
|
|
Note that installing pkgin will need a network connection. If you didn't set it |
Note that installing pkgin will need a network connection. If you didn't set it |
up yet, this option will call the configuration for you. |
up yet, this option will call the configuration for you. |
|
|
 |
 |
**Enable installation of binary packages** |
**Enable installation of binary packages** |
|
|
When the installation is finished, a short help is provided, and you can return |
When the installation is finished, a short help is provided, and you can return |
to the main menu: |
to the main menu: |
|
|
 |
 |
Line 633 to the main menu:
|
Line 633 to the main menu:
|
|
|
#### Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source. |
#### Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source. |
|
|
Use this option to download the [pkgsrc](http://pkgsrc.org) tree to install |
Use this option to download the [pkgsrc](http://pkgsrc.org) tree to install |
additional packages by source. Note that this method in many cases conflicts |
additional packages by source. Note that this method in many cases conflicts |
with binary packages, so you should decide for either one of them or use |
with binary packages, so you should decide for either one of them or use |
different directories for installing packages. |
different directories for installing packages. |
|
|
This will require a network connection set up, otherwise, it will ask for it |
This will require a network connection set up, otherwise, it will ask for it |
itself. |
itself. |
|
|
 |
 |
**Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source** |
**Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source** |
|
|
This step will take a while, as pkgsrc consists of many small files which have |
This step will take a while, as pkgsrc consists of many small files which have |
to be unpacked on your hard disk, and several 10MB have to be downloaded. |
to be unpacked on your hard disk, and several 10MB have to be downloaded. |
|
|
#### Enabling daemons |
#### Enabling daemons |
|
|
Finally, you can enable some daemons such as sshd(8), ntpd(8) or mdnsd(8) and |
Finally, you can enable some daemons such as sshd(8), ntpd(8) or mdnsd(8) and |
choose whether you want to run ntpdate(8) at boot, which will set the time no |
choose whether you want to run ntpdate(8) at boot, which will set the time no |
matter how large the gap between "real" time and you computer's time is. ntpd |
matter how large the gap between "real" time and you computer's time is. ntpd |
will not set the time when the time skew is too large. |
will not set the time when the time skew is too large. |
|
|
*Note*: You can change these settings any time you want after the installation. |
*Note*: You can change these settings any time you want after the installation. |
You can either do this by directly editing the configuration files, or by |
You can either do this by directly editing the configuration files, or by |
running sysinst(8) again (either from the running system, or from an |
running sysinst(8) again (either from the running system, or from an |
installation CD). |
installation CD). |
|
|
*Note*: When you run this menu when you already installed NetBSD, but want to |
*Note*: When you run this menu when you already installed NetBSD, but want to |
configure the running system, you have to choose the hard disk NetBSD is |
configure the running system, you have to choose the hard disk NetBSD is |
installed on. When sysinst doesn't find an NetBSD installation, it will fail, |
installed on. When sysinst doesn't find an NetBSD installation, it will fail, |
and you have to choose another disk. |
and you have to choose another disk. |
|
|
## Finishing the installation |
## Finishing the installation |
Line 671 At this point the installation is finish
|
Line 671 At this point the installation is finish
|
 |
 |
**Installation completed** |
**Installation completed** |
|
|
After passing the dialog that confirms the installation, sysinst will return to |
After passing the dialog that confirms the installation, sysinst will return to |
the main menu. Remove any installation media (CD, floppy, etc.) and choose |
the main menu. Remove any installation media (CD, floppy, etc.) and choose |
*Reboot the computer* to boot your new NetBSD installation. |
*Reboot the computer* to boot your new NetBSD installation. |
|
|
 |
 |