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version 1.4, 2013/03/24 17:52:45
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version 1.5, 2013/03/24 17:59:40
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| ## Introduction |
## Introduction |
| |
|
| This chapter will guide you through the installation process. The concepts |
This chapter will guide you through the installation process. The concepts |
| presented here apply to all installation methods. The only difference is in the |
presented here apply to all installation methods. The only difference is in the |
| way the distribution sets are fetched by the installer. Some details of the |
way the distribution sets are fetched by the installer. Some details of the |
| installation differ depending on the NetBSD release: The examples from this |
installation differ depending on the NetBSD release: The examples from this |
| chapter were created with NetBSD 5.0. |
chapter were created with NetBSD 5.0. |
| |
|
| ### Note |
### Note |
| |
|
| The following install screens are just examples. Do not simply copy them, as |
The following install screens are just examples. Do not simply copy them, as |
| your hardware and configuration details may be different! |
your hardware and configuration details may be different! |
| |
|
| ## The installation process |
## The installation process |
| |
|
| The installation process is divided logically in two parts. In the first part |
The installation process is divided logically in two parts. In the first part |
| you create a partition for NetBSD and write the disklabel for that partition. In |
you create a partition for NetBSD and write the disklabel for that partition. In |
| the second part you decide which distribution sets (subsets of the operating |
the second part you decide which distribution sets (subsets of the operating |
| system) you want to install and then extract the files into the newly created |
system) you want to install and then extract the files into the newly created |
| partition(s). |
partition(s). |
| |
|
| ## Keyboard layout |
## Keyboard layout |
|
Line 44 US | IT | DE | FR
|
Line 44 US | IT | DE | FR
|
| `\` | `ù` | `#` | `` ` `` |
`\` | `ù` | `#` | `` ` `` |
| """]] |
"""]] |
| |
|
| The NetBSD install program sysinst allows you to change the keyboard layout |
The NetBSD install program sysinst allows you to change the keyboard layout |
| during the installation. If for some reason this does not work for you, you can |
during the installation. If for some reason this does not work for you, you can |
| use the map in the following table. |
use the map in the following table. |
| |
|
| ## Starting the installation |
## Starting the installation |
| |
|
| To start the installation of NetBSD, insert your chosen boot media (CD/DVD, USB |
To start the installation of NetBSD, insert your chosen boot media (CD/DVD, USB |
| drive, floppy, etc.) and reboot the computer. The kernel on the installation |
drive, floppy, etc.) and reboot the computer. The kernel on the installation |
| medium will be booted and start displaying a lot of messages on the screen about |
medium will be booted and start displaying a lot of messages on the screen about |
| hardware being detected. |
hardware being detected. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Selecting the language** |
**Selecting the language** |
| |
|
| When the kernel has booted you will find yourself in the NetBSD installation |
When the kernel has booted you will find yourself in the NetBSD installation |
| program, sysinst, shown in the previous figure. From here on you should follow |
program, sysinst, shown in the previous figure. From here on you should follow |
| the instructions displayed on the screen, using the `INSTALL` document as a |
the instructions displayed on the screen, using the `INSTALL` document as a |
| companion reference. You will find the INSTALL document in various formats in |
companion reference. You will find the INSTALL document in various formats in |
| the root directory of the NetBSD release. The sysinst screens all have more or |
the root directory of the NetBSD release. The sysinst screens all have more or |
| less the same layout: the upper part of the screen shows a short description of |
less the same layout: the upper part of the screen shows a short description of |
| the current operation or a short help message, and the rest of the screen is |
the current operation or a short help message, and the rest of the screen is |
| made up of interactive menus and prompts. To make a choice, use the cursor keys, |
made up of interactive menus and prompts. To make a choice, use the cursor keys, |
| the `Ctrl+N` (next) and `Ctrl+P` (previous) keys, or press one of the letters |
the `Ctrl+N` (next) and `Ctrl+P` (previous) keys, or press one of the letters |
| displayed left of each choice. Confirm your choice by pressing the Return key. |
displayed left of each choice. Confirm your choice by pressing the Return key. |
| |
|
| Start by selecting the language you prefer to use for the installation process. |
Start by selecting the language you prefer to use for the installation process. |
|
Line 81 This will bring you to the main menu of
|
Line 81 This will bring you to the main menu of
|
|  |
 |
| **The sysinst main menu** |
**The sysinst main menu** |
| |
|
| Choosing the *Install NetBSD to hard disk* option brings you to the next screen |
Choosing the *Install NetBSD to hard disk* option brings you to the next screen |
| , where you need to confirm that you want to continue the installation: |
, where you need to confirm that you want to continue the installation: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Confirming to install NetBSD** |
**Confirming to install NetBSD** |
| |
|
| After choosing *Yes* to continue, sysinst displays a list of one or more disks |
After choosing *Yes* to continue, sysinst displays a list of one or more disks |
| and asks which one you want to install NetBSD on. In the example given in the |
and asks which one you want to install NetBSD on. In the example given in the |
| following figure, there are two disks, and NetBSD will be installed on `wd0`, |
following figure, there are two disks, and NetBSD will be installed on `wd0`, |
| the first IDE disk found. If you use SCSI or external USB disks, the first will |
the first IDE disk found. If you use SCSI or external USB disks, the first will |
| be named `sd0`, the second `sd1` and so on. |
be named `sd0`, the second `sd1` and so on. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Choosing a hard disk** |
**Choosing a hard disk** |
| |
|
| The installer will then ask whether you want to do a full, minimal or custom |
The installer will then ask whether you want to do a full, minimal or custom |
| installation. NetBSD is broken into a collection of distributions sets. *Full |
installation. NetBSD is broken into a collection of distributions sets. *Full |
| installation* is the default and will install all sets; *Minimal installation* |
installation* is the default and will install all sets; *Minimal installation* |
| will only install a small core set, the minimum of what is needed for a working |
will only install a small core set, the minimum of what is needed for a working |
| system. If you select *Custom installation* you can select which sets you would |
system. If you select *Custom installation* you can select which sets you would |
| like to have installed. This step is shown here: |
like to have installed. This step is shown here: |
| |
|
|  |
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| **Full or custom installation** |
**Full or custom installation** |
| |
|
| If you choose to do a custom installation, sysinst will allow you to choose |
If you choose to do a custom installation, sysinst will allow you to choose |
| which distribution sets to install, as shown in the following figure. At a |
which distribution sets to install, as shown in the following figure. At a |
| minimum, you must select a kernel and the *Base* and *System (/etc)* sets. |
minimum, you must select a kernel and the *Base* and *System (/etc)* sets. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 115 minimum, you must select a kernel and th
|
Line 115 minimum, you must select a kernel and th
|
| |
|
| ## MBR partitions |
## MBR partitions |
| |
|
| The first important step of the installation has come: the partitioning of the |
The first important step of the installation has come: the partitioning of the |
| hard disk. First, you need to specify whether NetBSD will use a partition |
hard disk. First, you need to specify whether NetBSD will use a partition |
| (suggested choice) or the whole disk. In the former case it is still possible to |
(suggested choice) or the whole disk. In the former case it is still possible to |
| create a partition that uses the whole hard disk (see below) so we recommend |
create a partition that uses the whole hard disk (see below) so we recommend |
| that you select this option as it keeps the BIOS partition table in a format |
that you select this option as it keeps the BIOS partition table in a format |
| which is compatible with other operating systems. |
which is compatible with other operating systems. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Choosing the partitioning scheme** |
**Choosing the partitioning scheme** |
| |
|
| The next screen shows the current state of the MBR partition table on the hard |
The next screen shows the current state of the MBR partition table on the hard |
| disk before the installation of NetBSD. There are four primary partitions, and |
disk before the installation of NetBSD. There are four primary partitions, and |
| as you can see, this example disk is currently empty. If you do have other |
as you can see, this example disk is currently empty. If you do have other |
| partitions you can leave them around and install NetBSD on a partition that is |
partitions you can leave them around and install NetBSD on a partition that is |
| currently unused, or you can overwrite a partition to use it for NetBSD. |
currently unused, or you can overwrite a partition to use it for NetBSD. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **fdisk** |
**fdisk** |
| |
|
| Deleting a partition is simple: after selecting the partition, a menu with |
Deleting a partition is simple: after selecting the partition, a menu with |
| options for that partition will appear (see below). Change the partition kind to |
options for that partition will appear (see below). Change the partition kind to |
| *Delete partition* to remove the partition. Of course, if you want to use the |
*Delete partition* to remove the partition. Of course, if you want to use the |
| partition for NetBSD you can set the partition kind to *NetBSD*. |
partition for NetBSD you can set the partition kind to *NetBSD*. |
| |
|
| You can create a partition for NetBSD by selecting the partition you want to |
You can create a partition for NetBSD by selecting the partition you want to |
| install NetBSD to. The partition names `a` to `d` correspond to the four primary |
install NetBSD to. The partition names `a` to `d` correspond to the four primary |
| partitions on other operating systems. After selecting a partition, a menu with |
partitions on other operating systems. After selecting a partition, a menu with |
| options for that partition will appear, as shown here: |
options for that partition will appear, as shown here: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 153 To create a new partition, the following
|
Line 153 To create a new partition, the following
|
| * the first (start) sector of the new partition |
* the first (start) sector of the new partition |
| * the size of the new partition |
* the size of the new partition |
| |
|
| Choose the partition type *NetBSD* for the new partition (using the `type` |
Choose the partition type *NetBSD* for the new partition (using the `type` |
| option). The installation program will try to guess the *start* position based |
option). The installation program will try to guess the *start* position based |
| on the end of the preceding partition. Change this value if necessary. The same |
on the end of the preceding partition. Change this value if necessary. The same |
| thing applies to the `size` option; the installation program will try to fill in |
thing applies to the `size` option; the installation program will try to fill in |
| the space that is available until the next partition or the end of the disk |
the space that is available until the next partition or the end of the disk |
| (depending on which comes first). You can change this value if it is incorrect, |
(depending on which comes first). You can change this value if it is incorrect, |
| or if you do not want NetBSD to use the suggested amount of space. |
or if you do not want NetBSD to use the suggested amount of space. |
| |
|
| After you have chosen the partition type, start position, and size, it is a good |
After you have chosen the partition type, start position, and size, it is a good |
| idea to set the name that should be used in the boot menu. You can do this by |
idea to set the name that should be used in the boot menu. You can do this by |
| selecting the *bootmenu* option and providing a label, e.g., `NetBSD`. It is a |
selecting the *bootmenu* option and providing a label, e.g., `NetBSD`. It is a |
| good idea to repeat this step for other bootable partitions so you can boot both |
good idea to repeat this step for other bootable partitions so you can boot both |
| NetBSD and a Windows system (or other operating systems) using the NetBSD |
NetBSD and a Windows system (or other operating systems) using the NetBSD |
| bootselector. If you are satisfied with the partition options, confirm your |
bootselector. If you are satisfied with the partition options, confirm your |
| choice by selecting *Partition OK*. Choose *Partition table OK* to leave the MBR |
choice by selecting *Partition OK*. Choose *Partition table OK* to leave the MBR |
| partition table editor. |
partition table editor. |
| |
|
| If you have made an error in partitioning (for example you have created |
If you have made an error in partitioning (for example you have created |
| overlapping partitions) sysinst will display a message and suggest that you go |
overlapping partitions) sysinst will display a message and suggest that you go |
| back to the MBR partition editor (but you are also allowed to continue). If the |
back to the MBR partition editor (but you are also allowed to continue). If the |
| data is correct but the NetBSD partition lies outside the range of sectors which |
data is correct but the NetBSD partition lies outside the range of sectors which |
| is bootable by the BIOS, sysinst will warn you and ask if you want to proceed |
is bootable by the BIOS, sysinst will warn you and ask if you want to proceed |
| anyway. Doing so may lead to problems on older PCs. |
anyway. Doing so may lead to problems on older PCs. |
| |
|
| *Note*: This is not a limitation of NetBSD. Some old BIOSes cannot boot a |
*Note*: This is not a limitation of NetBSD. Some old BIOSes cannot boot a |
| partition which lies outside the first 1024 cylinders. To fully understand the |
partition which lies outside the first 1024 cylinders. To fully understand the |
| problem you should study the different type of BIOSes and the many addressing |
problem you should study the different type of BIOSes and the many addressing |
| schemes that they use (*physical CHS*, *logical CHS*, *LBA*, ...). These topics |
schemes that they use (*physical CHS*, *logical CHS*, *LBA*, ...). These topics |
| are not described in this guide. |
are not described in this guide. |
| |
|
| On modern computers (those with support for *int13 extensions*), it is possible |
On modern computers (those with support for *int13 extensions*), it is possible |
| to install NetBSD in partitions that live outside the first 8 GB of the hard |
to install NetBSD in partitions that live outside the first 8 GB of the hard |
| disk, provided that the NetBSD boot selector is installed. |
disk, provided that the NetBSD boot selector is installed. |
| |
|
| Next, sysinst will offer to install a boot selector on the hard disk. This |
Next, sysinst will offer to install a boot selector on the hard disk. This |
| screen is shown here: |
screen is shown here: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Installing the boot selector** |
**Installing the boot selector** |
| |
|
| At this point, the *BIOS partitions* (called *slices* on BSD systems) have been |
At this point, the *BIOS partitions* (called *slices* on BSD systems) have been |
| created. They are also called *PC BIOS partitions*, *MBR partitions* or *fdisk |
created. They are also called *PC BIOS partitions*, *MBR partitions* or *fdisk |
| partitions*. |
partitions*. |
| |
|
| *Note*: Do not confuse the *slices* or *BIOS partitions* with the *BSD |
*Note*: Do not confuse the *slices* or *BIOS partitions* with the *BSD |
| partitions*, which are different things. |
partitions*, which are different things. |
| |
|
| ## Disklabel partitions |
## Disklabel partitions |
| |
|
| Some platforms, like PC systems (amd64 and i386), use DOS-style MBR partitions |
Some platforms, like PC systems (amd64 and i386), use DOS-style MBR partitions |
| to separate file systems. The MBR partition you created earlier in the |
to separate file systems. The MBR partition you created earlier in the |
| installation process is necessary to make sure that other operating systems do |
installation process is necessary to make sure that other operating systems do |
| not overwrite the diskspace that you allocated to NetBSD. |
not overwrite the diskspace that you allocated to NetBSD. |
| |
|
| NetBSD uses its own partition scheme, called a *disklabel*, which is stored at |
NetBSD uses its own partition scheme, called a *disklabel*, which is stored at |
| the start of the MBR partition. In the next few steps you will create a |
the start of the MBR partition. In the next few steps you will create a |
| [disklabel(5)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+5+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
[disklabel(5)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+5+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
| and set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or use existing partition sizes, as |
and set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions, or use existing partition sizes, as |
| shown here: |
shown here: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Edit partitions?** |
**Edit partitions?** |
| |
|
| When you choose to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions you can define the |
When you choose to set the sizes of the NetBSD partitions you can define the |
| partitions you would like to create. The installation program will generate a |
partitions you would like to create. The installation program will generate a |
| disklabel based on these settings. This installation screen is shown here: |
disklabel based on these settings. This installation screen is shown here: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Setting partition sizes** |
**Setting partition sizes** |
| |
|
| The default partition scheme of just using a big `/` (root) file system (plus |
The default partition scheme of just using a big `/` (root) file system (plus |
| swap) works fine with NetBSD, and there is little need to change this. The |
swap) works fine with NetBSD, and there is little need to change this. The |
| previous figure shows how to change the size of the swap partition to 600 MB. |
previous figure shows how to change the size of the swap partition to 600 MB. |
| Changing `/tmp` to reside on a *RAM disk* |
Changing `/tmp` to reside on a *RAM disk* |
| ([mfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?mfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386)) for |
([mfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?mfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386)) for |
| extra speed may be a good idea. Other partition schemes may use separate |
extra speed may be a good idea. Other partition schemes may use separate |
| partitions for `/var`, `/usr` and/or `/home`, but you should use your own |
partitions for `/var`, `/usr` and/or `/home`, but you should use your own |
| experience to decide if you need this. |
experience to decide if you need this. |
| |
|
| The next step is to create the disklabel and edit its partitions, if necessary, |
The next step is to create the disklabel and edit its partitions, if necessary, |
| using the disklabel editor (see below). If you predefined the partition sizes in |
using the disklabel editor (see below). If you predefined the partition sizes in |
| the previous step, the resulting disklabel will probably fit your wishes. In |
the previous step, the resulting disklabel will probably fit your wishes. In |
| that case you can complete the process immediately by selecting *Partition sizes |
that case you can complete the process immediately by selecting *Partition sizes |
| ok*. |
ok*. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **The disklabel editor** |
**The disklabel editor** |
| |
|
| There are two reserved partitions, `c`, representing the NetBSD partition, and |
There are two reserved partitions, `c`, representing the NetBSD partition, and |
| `d`, representing the whole disk. You can edit all other partitions by using the |
`d`, representing the whole disk. You can edit all other partitions by using the |
| cursor keys and pressing the return key. You can add a partition by selecting an |
cursor keys and pressing the return key. You can add a partition by selecting an |
| unused slot and setting parameters for that partition. The partition editing |
unused slot and setting parameters for that partition. The partition editing |
| screen is shown below: |
screen is shown below: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 252 screen is shown below:
|
Line 252 screen is shown below:
|
| |
|
| ## Setting the disk name |
## Setting the disk name |
| |
|
| After defining the partitions in the new disklabel, the last item is to enter a |
After defining the partitions in the new disklabel, the last item is to enter a |
| name for the NetBSD disk as shown bwlow. This can be used later to distinguish |
name for the NetBSD disk as shown bwlow. This can be used later to distinguish |
| between disklabels of otherwise identical disks. |
between disklabels of otherwise identical disks. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 261 between disklabels of otherwise identica
|
Line 261 between disklabels of otherwise identica
|
| |
|
| ## Last chance! |
## Last chance! |
| |
|
| The installer now has all the data it needs to prepare the disk. Nothing has |
The installer now has all the data it needs to prepare the disk. Nothing has |
| been written to the disk at this point, and now is your last chance to abort the |
been written to the disk at this point, and now is your last chance to abort the |
| installation process before actually writing data to the disk. Choose *no* to |
installation process before actually writing data to the disk. Choose *no* to |
| abort the installation process and return to the main menu, or continue by |
abort the installation process and return to the main menu, or continue by |
| selecting *yes*. |
selecting *yes*. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 272 selecting *yes*.
|
Line 272 selecting *yes*.
|
| |
|
| ## The disk preparation process |
## The disk preparation process |
| |
|
| After confirming that sysinst should prepare the disk, it will run |
After confirming that sysinst should prepare the disk, it will run |
| [disklabel(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
[disklabel(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?disklabel+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) |
| to create the NetBSD partition layout and |
to create the NetBSD partition layout and |
| [newfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?newfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) to |
[newfs(8)](http://netbsd.gw.com/cgi-bin/man-cgi?newfs+8+NetBSD-5.0.1+i386) to |
| create the file systems on the disk. |
create the file systems on the disk. |
| |
|
| After preparing the NetBSD partitions and their filesystems, the next question |
After preparing the NetBSD partitions and their filesystems, the next question |
| (shown in the next figure) is which *bootblocks* to install. Usually you will |
(shown in the next figure) is which *bootblocks* to install. Usually you will |
| choose the default of *BIOS console*, i.e., show boot messages on your |
choose the default of *BIOS console*, i.e., show boot messages on your |
| computer's display. |
computer's display. |
| |
|
| If you run a farm of machines without monitor, it may be more convenient to use |
If you run a farm of machines without monitor, it may be more convenient to use |
| a serial console running on one of the serial ports. The menu also allows |
a serial console running on one of the serial ports. The menu also allows |
| changing the serial port's baud rate from the default of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, |
changing the serial port's baud rate from the default of 9600 baud, 8 data bits, |
| no parity and one stopbit. |
no parity and one stopbit. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 293 no parity and one stopbit.
|
Line 293 no parity and one stopbit.
|
| |
|
| ## Choosing the installation media |
## Choosing the installation media |
| |
|
| At this point, you have finished the first and most difficult part of the |
At this point, you have finished the first and most difficult part of the |
| installation! |
installation! |
| |
|
| The second half of the installation process consists of populating the file |
The second half of the installation process consists of populating the file |
| systems by extracting the distribution sets that you selected earlier (base, |
systems by extracting the distribution sets that you selected earlier (base, |
| compiler tools, games, etc). Before unpacking the sets, sysinst asks what |
compiler tools, games, etc). Before unpacking the sets, sysinst asks what |
| information you would like to see during that process, as shown below. You can |
information you would like to see during that process, as shown below. You can |
| choose between a progress bar, a display of the name of each extracted file, or |
choose between a progress bar, a display of the name of each extracted file, or |
| nothing. |
nothing. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Choosing the verbosity of the extraction process** |
**Choosing the verbosity of the extraction process** |
| |
|
| Now sysinst needs to find the NetBSD sets and you must tell it where to find |
Now sysinst needs to find the NetBSD sets and you must tell it where to find |
| them. The menu offers several choices, as shown below. The options are explained |
them. The menu offers several choices, as shown below. The options are explained |
| in detail in the `INSTALL` documents. |
in detail in the `INSTALL` documents. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 315 in detail in the `INSTALL` documents.
|
Line 315 in detail in the `INSTALL` documents.
|
| |
|
| ### Installing from CD-ROM or DVD |
### Installing from CD-ROM or DVD |
| |
|
| When selecting *CD-ROM / DVD*, sysinst asks the name of the CD-ROM or DVD device |
When selecting *CD-ROM / DVD*, sysinst asks the name of the CD-ROM or DVD device |
| and the directory in which the set files are stored, see below. The device is |
and the directory in which the set files are stored, see below. The device is |
| usually `cd0` for the first CD-ROM or DVD drive, regardless of whether it is IDE |
usually `cd0` for the first CD-ROM or DVD drive, regardless of whether it is IDE |
| or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire). |
or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire). |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 325 or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire).
|
Line 325 or SCSI (or even USB or FireWire).
|
| |
|
| ### The CD-ROM/DVD device name |
### The CD-ROM/DVD device name |
| |
|
| If you don't know the name of the CD-ROM/DVD device, you can find by doing the |
If you don't know the name of the CD-ROM/DVD device, you can find by doing the |
| following: |
following: |
| |
|
| 1. Press Ctrl-Z to pause sysinst and go to the shell prompt. |
1. Press Ctrl-Z to pause sysinst and go to the shell prompt. |
|
Line 346 following:
|
Line 346 following:
|
| |
|
| ### Installing from an unmounted file system |
### Installing from an unmounted file system |
| |
|
| The next figure shows the menu to install NetBSD from an unmounted file system. |
The next figure shows the menu to install NetBSD from an unmounted file system. |
| It is necessary to specify the device (*Device*), the file system of the device |
It is necessary to specify the device (*Device*), the file system of the device |
| (*File system*) and the path to the install sets (*Set directory*). The setting |
(*File system*) and the path to the install sets (*Set directory*). The setting |
| for the *Base directory* is optional and can be kept blank. |
for the *Base directory* is optional and can be kept blank. |
| |
|
| In the following example the install sets are stored on a *MSDOS* file system, |
In the following example the install sets are stored on a *MSDOS* file system, |
| on partition `e` on the device `sd0`. |
on partition `e` on the device `sd0`. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Mounting a file system** |
**Mounting a file system** |
| |
|
| It is usually necessary to specify the device name and the partition. The |
It is usually necessary to specify the device name and the partition. The |
| following figure shows how to specify device `sd0` with partition `e`. |
following figure shows how to specify device `sd0` with partition `e`. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Mounting a partition** |
**Mounting a partition** |
| |
|
| In the next figure, the file system type is specified. It is `msdos` but it |
In the next figure, the file system type is specified. It is `msdos` but it |
| could also be the NetBSD file system `ffs` or `ext2fs`, a Linux file system. The |
could also be the NetBSD file system `ffs` or `ext2fs`, a Linux file system. The |
| *Base directory item is left blank and the binary sets are stored under `/sets`. |
*Base directory item is left blank and the binary sets are stored under `/sets`. |
| Choosing *Continue* will start the extraction of the sets. |
Choosing *Continue* will start the extraction of the sets. |
| * |
* |
| |
|
|
Line 374 Choosing *Continue* will start the extra
|
Line 374 Choosing *Continue* will start the extra
|
| |
|
| ### Installing via FTP |
### Installing via FTP |
| |
|
| If you choose to install from a local network or the Internet via FTP, sysinst |
If you choose to install from a local network or the Internet via FTP, sysinst |
| will configure the system's network connection, download the selected set files |
will configure the system's network connection, download the selected set files |
| to a temporary directory, and then extract them. |
to a temporary directory, and then extract them. |
| |
|
| NetBSD currently supports installation via ethernet, USB ethernet or wireless, |
NetBSD currently supports installation via ethernet, USB ethernet or wireless, |
| and wireless LAN. Installation via DSL (PPP over Ethernet) is not supported |
and wireless LAN. Installation via DSL (PPP over Ethernet) is not supported |
| during installation. |
during installation. |
| |
|
| The first step shown in the next figure further below consists of selecting |
The first step shown in the next figure further below consists of selecting |
| which network card to configure. sysinst will determine a list of available |
which network card to configure. sysinst will determine a list of available |
| network interfaces, present them and ask which one to use. |
network interfaces, present them and ask which one to use. |
| |
|
| *Note*: The exact names of your network interfaces depend on the hardware you |
*Note*: The exact names of your network interfaces depend on the hardware you |
| use. Example interfaces are `wm` for Intel Gigabit interfaces, `ne` for NE2000 |
use. Example interfaces are `wm` for Intel Gigabit interfaces, `ne` for NE2000 |
| and compatible ethernet cards, and `ath` for Atheros based wireless cards. This |
and compatible ethernet cards, and `ath` for Atheros based wireless cards. This |
| list is by no means complete, and NetBSD supports many more network devices. |
list is by no means complete, and NetBSD supports many more network devices. |
| |
|
| To get a list of network interfaces available on your system, interrupt the |
To get a list of network interfaces available on your system, interrupt the |
| installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter |
installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter |
| |
|
| # ifconfig -a |
# ifconfig -a |
|
Line 410 installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z
|
Line 410 installation process by pressing `Ctrl+Z
|
| sl0: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
sl0: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
| sl1: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
sl1: flags=c010<POINTOPOINT,LINK2,MULTICAST> mtu 296 |
| strip0: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
strip0: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
| strip1: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
strip1: flags=0 mtu 1100 |
| |
|
| To get more information about all the devices found during system startup, |
To get more information about all the devices found during system startup, |
| including network devices, type |
including network devices, type |
| |
|
| # dmesg | more |
# dmesg | more |
|
Line 426 You can return to the NetBSD installatio
|
Line 426 You can return to the NetBSD installatio
|
| |
|
| Next, you have a chance to set your network medium. |
Next, you have a chance to set your network medium. |
| |
|
| *Note*: It is unlikely that you will need to enter anything other than the |
*Note*: It is unlikely that you will need to enter anything other than the |
| default here. If you experience problems like very slow transfers or timeouts, |
default here. If you experience problems like very slow transfers or timeouts, |
| you may, for example, force different duplex settings for ethernet cards. To get |
you may, for example, force different duplex settings for ethernet cards. To get |
| a list of supported media and media options for a given network device (ne2, for |
a list of supported media and media options for a given network device (ne2, for |
| example), escape from sysinst by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter: |
example), escape from sysinst by pressing `Ctrl+Z`, then enter: |
| |
|
| # ifconfig -m ne2 |
# ifconfig -m ne2 |
|
Line 443 example), escape from sysinst by pressin
|
Line 443 example), escape from sysinst by pressin
|
| media 10base2 |
media 10base2 |
| media autoselect |
media autoselect |
| |
|
| The various values printed after `media` may be of interest here, including |
The various values printed after `media` may be of interest here, including |
| keywords like `autoselect` but also including any `mediaopt` settings. |
keywords like `autoselect` but also including any `mediaopt` settings. |
| |
|
| Return to the installation by typing: |
Return to the installation by typing: |
| |
|
| # fg |
# fg |
| |
|
| The next question will be whether you want to perform DHCP autoconfiguration as |
The next question will be whether you want to perform DHCP autoconfiguration as |
| shown in the figure below. Answer *Yes* if you have a DHCP *Dynamic Host |
shown in the figure below. Answer *Yes* if you have a DHCP *Dynamic Host |
| Configuration Protocol* (DHCP) running somewhere on your network, and sysinst |
Configuration Protocol* (DHCP) running somewhere on your network, and sysinst |
| will fetch a number of defaults from it. Answer *No* to enter all the values |
will fetch a number of defaults from it. Answer *No* to enter all the values |
| manually. |
manually. |
| |
|
| We will assume you answered *No* and go into all the questions asked in detail. |
We will assume you answered *No* and go into all the questions asked in detail. |
|
Line 461 We will assume you answered *No* and go
|
Line 461 We will assume you answered *No* and go
|
|  |
 |
| **Using DHCP for network configuration** |
**Using DHCP for network configuration** |
| |
|
| The image below shows the questions asked for the network configuration. The |
The image below shows the questions asked for the network configuration. The |
| values to be entered are: |
values to be entered are: |
| |
|
| * *Your DNS Domain:* -- This is the name of the domain you are in. |
* *Your DNS Domain:* -- This is the name of the domain you are in. |
| * *Your hostname:* -- The name by which other machines can usually address your |
* *Your hostname:* -- The name by which other machines can usually address your |
| computer. Not used during installation. |
computer. Not used during installation. |
| * *Your IPv4 number:* -- Enter your numerical Internet Protocol address in |
* *Your IPv4 number:* -- Enter your numerical Internet Protocol address in |
| *dotted quad* notation here, for example, 192.168.1.3 |
*dotted quad* notation here, for example, 192.168.1.3 |
| * *IPv4 Netmask:* -- The netmask for your network, either given as a hex value |
* *IPv4 Netmask:* -- The netmask for your network, either given as a hex value |
| (`0xffffff00`) or in dotted-quad notation (`255.255.255.0`). |
(`0xffffff00`) or in dotted-quad notation (`255.255.255.0`). |
| * *IPv4 gateway:* -- Your router's (or default gateway's) IP address. Do not |
* *IPv4 gateway:* -- Your router's (or default gateway's) IP address. Do not |
| use a hostname here! |
use a hostname here! |
| * *IPv4 name server:* -- Your (first) DNS server's IP address. Again, don't use |
* *IPv4 name server:* -- Your (first) DNS server's IP address. Again, don't use |
| a hostname. |
a hostname. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Entering and configuring network data** |
**Entering and configuring network data** |
| |
|
| After answering all of your network configuration info, it will be displayed, |
After answering all of your network configuration info, it will be displayed, |
| and you will have a chance to go back and make changes. |
and you will have a chance to go back and make changes. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Confirming network parameters** |
**Confirming network parameters** |
| |
|
| sysinst will now run a few commands (not displayed in detail here) to configure |
sysinst will now run a few commands (not displayed in detail here) to configure |
| the network: flushing the routing table, setting the default route, and testing |
the network: flushing the routing table, setting the default route, and testing |
| if the network connection is operational. |
if the network connection is operational. |
| |
|
| Now that you have a functional network connection, you must tell the installer |
Now that you have a functional network connection, you must tell the installer |
| how to get the distribution sets, as shown in the next figure. |
how to get the distribution sets, as shown in the next figure. |
| |
|
| When you are satisfied with your settings (the defaults work most of the time), |
When you are satisfied with your settings (the defaults work most of the time), |
| choose *Get Distribution* to continue. |
choose *Get Distribution* to continue. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 500 choose *Get Distribution* to continue.
|
Line 500 choose *Get Distribution* to continue.
|
| |
|
| ### Installing via NFS |
### Installing via NFS |
| |
|
| If you want to install NetBSD from a server in your local network, NFS is an |
If you want to install NetBSD from a server in your local network, NFS is an |
| alternative to FTP. |
alternative to FTP. |
| |
|
| *Note*: Using this installation method requires the ability to set up an NFS |
*Note*: Using this installation method requires the ability to set up an NFS |
| server, a topic which is not discussed here. |
server, a topic which is not discussed here. |
| |
|
| As shown below, you must specify the IP address of the NFS server with "Host", |
As shown below, you must specify the IP address of the NFS server with "Host", |
| the "Base directory" that is *exported* by the NFS server, and the "Set |
the "Base directory" that is *exported* by the NFS server, and the "Set |
| directory", which contains the install sets. |
directory", which contains the install sets. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **NFS install screen** |
**NFS install screen** |
| |
|
| The following image shows an example: Host `192.168.1.50` is the NFS server that |
The following image shows an example: Host `192.168.1.50` is the NFS server that |
| provides the directory `/home/username/Downloads` The NetBSD install sets are |
provides the directory `/home/username/Downloads` The NetBSD install sets are |
| stored in the directory `/home/username/Downloads/sets` on the NFS server. |
stored in the directory `/home/username/Downloads/sets` on the NFS server. |
| Choose *Continue* to start the installation of the distribution sets. |
Choose *Continue* to start the installation of the distribution sets. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 523 Choose *Continue* to start the installat
|
Line 523 Choose *Continue* to start the installat
|
| |
|
| ## Extracting sets |
## Extracting sets |
| |
|
| After the method for obtaining distribution sets has been chosen, and (if |
After the method for obtaining distribution sets has been chosen, and (if |
| applicable) after those sets have been transferred, they will be extracted into |
applicable) after those sets have been transferred, they will be extracted into |
| the new NetBSD file system. |
the new NetBSD file system. |
| |
|
| After extracting all selected sets, sysinst will create device nodes in the |
After extracting all selected sets, sysinst will create device nodes in the |
| `/dev` directory and then display a message saying that everything went well. |
`/dev` directory and then display a message saying that everything went well. |
| |
|
| Another message will let you know that the set extraction is now completed, and |
Another message will let you know that the set extraction is now completed, and |
| that you will have an opportunity to configure some essential things before |
that you will have an opportunity to configure some essential things before |
| finishing the NetBSD installation: |
finishing the NetBSD installation: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 539 finishing the NetBSD installation:
|
Line 539 finishing the NetBSD installation:
|
| |
|
| ## System configuration |
## System configuration |
| |
|
| Having reached this point of the installation you will see the configuration |
Having reached this point of the installation you will see the configuration |
| menu: |
menu: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 548 menu:
|
Line 548 menu:
|
| Here, you can do the following: |
Here, you can do the following: |
| |
|
| * *Configure network* -- make changes to the network settings on the installed |
* *Configure network* -- make changes to the network settings on the installed |
| system, i.e. either configure it or if you already did, write that |
system, i.e. either configure it or if you already did, write that |
| configuration to disk. |
configuration to disk. |
| |
|
| * *Timezone* -- set your time zone. |
* *Timezone* -- set your time zone. |
| |
|
| * *Root shell* -- this potion allows you to choose which command line |
* *Root shell* -- this potion allows you to choose which command line |
| interpreter, also known as *shell*, will be used for the root account. |
interpreter, also known as *shell*, will be used for the root account. |
| |
|
| * *Change root password* -- set the password you will use to login in as root. |
* *Change root password* -- set the password you will use to login in as root. |
| |
|
| * *Enable installation of binary packages* -- this option enables the |
* *Enable installation of binary packages* -- this option enables the |
| installation of binary packages (3rd party software). |
installation of binary packages (3rd party software). |
| |
|
| * *Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source* -- install the pkgsrc |
* *Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source* -- install the pkgsrc |
| tree for installing third-party software from source. |
tree for installing third-party software from source. |
| |
|
| * *Enable sshd* -- enable the secure shell daemon sshd(8) to allow users to |
* *Enable sshd* -- enable the secure shell daemon sshd(8) to allow users to |
| login over an insecure network. |
login over an insecure network. |
| |
|
| * *Enable ntpd* -- ntpd(8) is the daemon to keep the system time accurate. |
* *Enable ntpd* -- ntpd(8) is the daemon to keep the system time accurate. |
| |
|
| * *Run ntpdate at boot* -- sets the local date and time. |
* *Run ntpdate at boot* -- sets the local date and time. |
| |
|
| * *Enable mdnsd* -- a daemon invoked at boot time to implement Multicast DNS |
* *Enable mdnsd* -- a daemon invoked at boot time to implement Multicast DNS |
| and DNS Service Discovery. |
and DNS Service Discovery. |
| |
|
| #### Configure network |
#### Configure network |
| |
|
| The process was already described previously, you can just call it again and |
The process was already described previously, you can just call it again and |
| have the results directly written to disk. |
have the results directly written to disk. |
| |
|
| #### Timezone |
#### Timezone |
| |
|
| The timezone is Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) by default, and you can use the |
The timezone is Universal Time Coordinated (UTC) by default, and you can use the |
| two-level menu of continents/countries and cities shown in the figure below to |
two-level menu of continents/countries and cities shown in the figure below to |
| select your timezone with the Return Key. |
select your timezone with the Return Key. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 590 select your timezone with the Return Key
|
Line 590 select your timezone with the Return Key
|
| |
|
| #### Root Shell |
#### Root Shell |
| |
|
| The default is the classic Bourne shell, sh(1). Other choices are the Korn shell |
The default is the classic Bourne shell, sh(1). Other choices are the Korn shell |
| (ksh(1)) and the C shell(csh(1)). If, upon reading this, you don't have some |
(ksh(1)) and the C shell(csh(1)). If, upon reading this, you don't have some |
| idea of which shell you prefer, simply use the default, as this is a highly |
idea of which shell you prefer, simply use the default, as this is a highly |
| subjective decision. Should you later change your mind, root's shell can always |
subjective decision. Should you later change your mind, root's shell can always |
| be changed with the chsh(1) command or by directly editing master.passwd(5). |
be changed with the chsh(1) command or by directly editing master.passwd(5). |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 601 be changed with the chsh(1) command or b
|
Line 601 be changed with the chsh(1) command or b
|
| |
|
| #### Change root password |
#### Change root password |
| |
|
| Perhaps one of the things that you would want to configurate is your root |
Perhaps one of the things that you would want to configurate is your root |
| password. If you don't, it is unset, i.e. you can login as root just by entering |
password. If you don't, it is unset, i.e. you can login as root just by entering |
| the login name without a password. |
the login name without a password. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Change root password** |
**Change root password** |
| |
|
| When you agree to set a root password, sysinst will run the passwd(1) utility |
When you agree to set a root password, sysinst will run the passwd(1) utility |
| for you. Please note that the password is not echoed: |
for you. Please note that the password is not echoed: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 616 for you. Please note that the password i
|
Line 616 for you. Please note that the password i
|
| |
|
| #### Enable installation of binary packages |
#### Enable installation of binary packages |
| |
|
| This option installs pkgin(1) and initialises its database. This will feel |
This option installs pkgin(1) and initialises its database. This will feel |
| familiar to users of other package tools, such as apt-get, pkg or yum. |
familiar to users of other package tools, such as apt-get, pkg or yum. |
| |
|
| Note that installing pkgin will need a network connection. If you didn't set it |
Note that installing pkgin will need a network connection. If you didn't set it |
| up yet, this option will call the configuration for you. |
up yet, this option will call the configuration for you. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Enable installation of binary packages** |
**Enable installation of binary packages** |
| |
|
| When the installation is finished, a short help is provided, and you can return |
When the installation is finished, a short help is provided, and you can return |
| to the main menu: |
to the main menu: |
| |
|
|  |
 |
|
Line 633 to the main menu:
|
Line 633 to the main menu:
|
| |
|
| #### Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source. |
#### Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source. |
| |
|
| Use this option to download the [pkgsrc](http://pkgsrc.org) tree to install |
Use this option to download the [pkgsrc](http://pkgsrc.org) tree to install |
| additional packages by source. Note that this method in many cases conflicts |
additional packages by source. Note that this method in many cases conflicts |
| with binary packages, so you should decide for either one of them or use |
with binary packages, so you should decide for either one of them or use |
| different directories for installing packages. |
different directories for installing packages. |
| |
|
| This will require a network connection set up, otherwise, it will ask for it |
This will require a network connection set up, otherwise, it will ask for it |
| itself. |
itself. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
| **Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source** |
**Fetch and unpack pkgsrc for building from source** |
| |
|
| This step will take a while, as pkgsrc consists of many small files which have |
This step will take a while, as pkgsrc consists of many small files which have |
| to be unpacked on your hard disk, and several 10MB have to be downloaded. |
to be unpacked on your hard disk, and several 10MB have to be downloaded. |
| |
|
| #### Enabling daemons |
#### Enabling daemons |
| |
|
| Finally, you can enable some daemons such as sshd(8), ntpd(8) or mdnsd(8) and |
Finally, you can enable some daemons such as sshd(8), ntpd(8) or mdnsd(8) and |
| choose whether you want to run ntpdate(8) at boot, which will set the time no |
choose whether you want to run ntpdate(8) at boot, which will set the time no |
| matter how large the gap between "real" time and you computer's time is. ntpd |
matter how large the gap between "real" time and you computer's time is. ntpd |
| will not set the time when the time skew is too large. |
will not set the time when the time skew is too large. |
| |
|
| *Note*: You can change these settings any time you want after the installation. |
*Note*: You can change these settings any time you want after the installation. |
| You can either do this by directly editing the configuration files, or by |
You can either do this by directly editing the configuration files, or by |
| running sysinst(8) again (either from the running system, or from an |
running sysinst(8) again (either from the running system, or from an |
| installation CD). |
installation CD). |
| |
|
| *Note*: When you run this menu when you already installed NetBSD, but want to |
*Note*: When you run this menu when you already installed NetBSD, but want to |
| configure the running system, you have to choose the hard disk NetBSD is |
configure the running system, you have to choose the hard disk NetBSD is |
| installed on. When sysinst doesn't find an NetBSD installation, it will fail, |
installed on. When sysinst doesn't find an NetBSD installation, it will fail, |
| and you have to choose another disk. |
and you have to choose another disk. |
| |
|
| ## Finishing the installation |
## Finishing the installation |
|
Line 671 At this point the installation is finish
|
Line 671 At this point the installation is finish
|
|  |
 |
| **Installation completed** |
**Installation completed** |
| |
|
| After passing the dialog that confirms the installation, sysinst will return to |
After passing the dialog that confirms the installation, sysinst will return to |
| the main menu. Remove any installation media (CD, floppy, etc.) and choose |
the main menu. Remove any installation media (CD, floppy, etc.) and choose |
| *Reboot the computer* to boot your new NetBSD installation. |
*Reboot the computer* to boot your new NetBSD installation. |
| |
|
|  |
 |
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