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1: [[!toc]] 2: 3: # Introduction 4: 5: This tutorial aims at showing how you can build, setup, upload and launch NetBSD under the [Amazon EC2](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/) service. We will first give some brief explanations on how you can obtain an AWS account, and what you will need to run NetBSD under EC2. Then, at your convenience, you will be able to start with pre-made images, or roll-out your own. 6: 7: # Subscribe to AWS (Amazon Web Services) 8: 9: If you already have an account for [Amazon Web Services](http://aws.amazon.com/), and you are a registered user for EC2 service, you can directly jump to section [What do you need to know](#index2h2). If not, keep reading. 10: 11: ## Quick overview 12: 13: Before you can start playing with Amazon EC2, you have to create an account on Amazon Web Services, of which EC2, the Elastic Compute Cloud, is part. This is fairly straightforward, and done in two steps: 14: 15: 1. you "sign-up" directly on [Amazon Web Services](http://aws.amazon.com/) home-page. This is where you enter your credentials, and confirm your AWS account registration. 16: 1. you sign-up to EC2 through [EC2 AWS home-page](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/). You will be asked some more information, like a credit card (for billing), and a phone-number, for account validation. 17: 18: ## What do you need to know? 19: 20: EC2 uses different types of credentials. In addition to your login and password, you need an access key, a X.509 certificate (with its private key), and a pair of RSA keys, for remote SSH access. 21: 22: These can be created through the [Security Credentials](https://aws-portal.amazon.com/gp/aws/developer/account/index.html?ie=UTF8&action=access-key) page (also accessible from the [Account](http://aws.amazon.com/account/) page): 23: 24: 1. create the access key. Keep a secured copy of the ID and its associated secret value. These will be used by various scripts later on to perform certain EC2 actions. 25: 1. note down your account number (different from your access key ID!). This identifier can usually be obtained in the right top part of the page; it is a serie of numbers, separated with dashes: XXXX-XXXX-XXXX. 26: 1. create, or upload, a X.509 certificate, in PEM format. Keep the private key in a safe place. 27: 1. lastly, generate Amazon EC2 key pairs that will be used for SSH access. This step will be performed through the [Amazon Management Console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/home). Note down the SSH Key Pair Name you chose. 28: 29: ### Keep your credentials! 30: 31: The different credentials created above will be used in various places of EC2, and by a myriad of commands. You are advised to keep them easily accessible, while still reasonably secure regarding their access. Most EC2 tools expect them to be find through a set of environment variables. 32: 33: For convenience, you could store them under a *.ec2* directory inside your *$HOME*: 34: 35: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 36: $ ls .ec2/ 37: cert-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem # the X.509 certificate 38: id_rsa.ec2 # private RSA SSH key 39: id_rsa.ec2.pub # public RSA SSH key 40: pk-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem # the private key associated to the certificate 41: """]] 42: 43: then set the environment accordingly: 44: 45: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 46: export EC2_PRIVATE_KEY=$HOME/.ec2/pk-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem 47: export EC2_CERT=$HOME/.ec2/cert-SOMERANDOMKEY.pem 48: export EC2_SSH_KEY=$HOME/.ec2/id_rsa.ec2 49: export EC2_SSH_KEYNAME=<your_ssh_key_pair_name> 50: export EC2_ACCOUNT_NUM=XXXX-XXXX-XXXX 51: export EC2_ACCESS_KEY=MYACCESSKEYID 52: export EC2_SECRET_KEY=MYSECRETACCESSKEY 53: """]] 54: 55: Please note that the rest of the tutorial will assume that these variables are set. 56: 57: ## Installing EC2 API tools 58: 59: NetBSD provides EC2 API tools, to ease EC2 account management a little bit. The package is found inside [pkgsrc](http://www.pkgsrc.org), under [[!template id=pkg category=misc name=ec2-api-tools]]. 60: 61: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 62: cd /usr/pkgsrc/misc/ec2-api-tools 63: make ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=amazon-software-license install 64: """]] 65: 66: Package depends on Java, so build will take some time to finish. While it builds, just continue reading. 67: 68: ## EC2 vocabulary -- last notes 69: 70: Before starting to play with EC2, you need to be familiar with the EC2 vocabulary used throughout this tutorial. 71: 72: Briefly said, EC2 uses [Xen](http://www.xen.org) as virtualization solution. So, in essence, all operating systems that support Xen para-virtualization can theoretically run inside EC2, as a domU. This is the case for NetBSD; however, please note that only amd64 is currently supported. Work is on-going to support 32 bits for EC2. 73: 74: All operating systems are run as *instances*, which are, as their name implies, the instantiation of a specific AMI, or *Amazon Machine Image*. An AMI is an image built from specific *snapshots* of *volumes*. The volumes are part of [Elastic Block Storage](http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/) (or EBS for short), which is another service offered by AWS, distinct from EC2. 75: 76: These instances are tied to a *region* (a geographical location; typically US East, US West, Europe West, etc.). Each region has *availability zones*, which can be compared to a sub-region, each one being physically distinct from another. Regions are identified by a name, like *us-east-1*, *eu-west-1*. Same goes for availability zones, usually with the region's name as prefix: *us-east-1a*, *us-east-1b*, and so forth. Note that resources are **not** shared between zones, so if you transfer data from one zone to another, you will be charged for it. 77: 78: AKI, or *Amazon Kernel Image*, are a specific type of image. It represents the Xen guest para-virtualized kernel, as used by an AMI. Certain AKIs are allowed to boot customized operating systems, e.g. those that are still not officially supported by Amazon. Thanks to [PyGrub](http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/PyGrub), it can boot a kernel that resides inside an AMI's snapshot. 79: 80: # Using pre-made AMIs 81: 82: XXX TODO 83: 84: # Build-up your NetBSD system 85: 86: ## Fetch and build NetBSD 87: 88: EC2 does not provide direct access to console. As a consequence, we cannot rely on it for installation, especially via [[!template id=man name=sysinst section=8]]. We must therefore build and install NetBSD in a separate directory, and configure it manually, before upload. 89: 90: This tutorial assumes that you will build the system under */mnt/ec2*. 91: 92: /!\Please note that you will need the [[!template id=man name=makefs section=8]] tool later in the process, so you can build a file system image that can be uploaded to Amazon EC2. You are therefore advised to perform the installation directly under a living NetBSD system, or in case your are not, to fetch the *src* tree to build the toolchain, which will contain the **nbmakefs** utility. 93: 94: [Details regarding on how you can fetch *src* are given in the NetBSD's guide](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-fetch.html). Here are the basic commands you should type to build and install NetBSD under */mnt/ec2*: 95: 96: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 97: cd /usr/ 98: # grab a recent src.tgz file (use curl(1), ftp(1), wget(1), ...) 99: ftp -a 'http://ftp.netbsd.org/pub/NetBSD/NetBSD-current/tar_files/src.tar.gz' 100: # Decompress 101: tar -xzpf src.tar.gz 102: cd src 103: # build distribution and kernel 104: ./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -D ../dest -R ../release -m amd64 -U distribution 105: ./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -m amd64 kernel=XEN3_DOMU 106: # install distribution in /mnt/ec2 107: su ./build.sh -O ../obj -T ../tools -D ../dest -R ../release -U -V INSTALLSETS="base etc" install=/mnt/ec2 108: """]] 109: 110: # Configuration of your NetBSD EC2 tree 111: 112: /!\This part assumes that you have a non-configured NetBSD system extracted under */mnt/ec2*; that is, it should have not been modified through [[!template id=man name=sysinst section=8]], nor by you. 113: 114: Under */mnt/ec2*, edit the files to add (or modify) these lines: 115: 116: [[!template id=filecontent name=etc/rc.conf text=""" 117: rc_configured=YES 118: 119: ec2_init=YES 120: sshd=YES # for remote shell access to instance 121: """]] 122: 123: [[!template id=filecontent name=etc/ssh/sshd_config text=""" 124: # Allows root to login via authentication keys 125: PermitRootLogin without-password 126: """]] 127: 128: This file is needed if you want to login via the EC2 SSH key pair created previously: 129: 130: [[!template id=filecontent name=etc/rc.d/ec2_init text=""" 131: #!/bin/sh 132: # 133: # PROVIDE: ec2_init 134: # REQUIRE: NETWORKING 135: # BEFORE: LOGIN 136: 137: $_rc_subr_loaded . /etc/rc.subr 138: 139: name="ec2_init" 140: rcvar=${name} 141: start_cmd="ec2_init" 142: stop_cmd=":" 143: 144: METADATA_URL="http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/" 145: SSH_KEY_URL="public-keys/0/openssh-key" 146: HOSTNAME_URL="hostname" 147: 148: SSH_KEY_FILE="/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" 149: 150: ec2_init() 151: { 152: ( 153: umask 022 154: # fetch the key pair from Amazon Web Services 155: EC2_SSH_KEY=$(ftp -o - "${METADATA_URL}${SSH_KEY_URL}") 156: 157: if [ -n "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ]; then 158: # A key pair is associated with this instance, add it 159: # to root 'authorized_keys' file 160: mkdir -p $(dirname "$SSH_KEY_FILE") 161: touch "$SSH_KEY_FILE" 162: cd $(dirname "$SSH_KEY_FILE") 163: 164: grep -q "$EC2_SSH_KEY" "$SSH_KEY_FILE" 165: if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then 166: echo "Setting EC2 SSH key pair: ${EC2_SSH_KEY##* }" 167: echo "$EC2_SSH_KEY" >> "$SSH_KEY_FILE" 168: fi 169: fi 170: 171: # set hostname 172: HOSTNAME=$(ftp -o - "${METADATA_URL}${HOSTNAME_URL}") 173: echo "Setting EC2 hostname: ${HOSTNAME}" 174: echo "$HOSTNAME" > /etc/myname 175: hostname "$HOSTNAME" 176: ) 177: } 178: 179: 180: load_rc_config $name 181: run_rc_command "$1" 182: """]] 183: 184: Create various files and directories: 185: 186: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 187: cd /mnt/ec2 188: # Add proc and kern directories 189: mkdir grub kern proc 190: # EC2 network configuration, via DHCP 191: echo "dhcp" > etc/ifconfig.xennet0 192: # Basic fstab entries 193: cat > etc/fstab << EOF 194: /dev/xbd1a / ffs rw 1 1 195: /dev/xbd0a /grub ext2fs rw 2 2 196: kernfs /kern kernfs rw 197: ptyfs /dev/pts ptyfs rw 198: procfs /proc procfs rw 199: EOF 200: # EC2 startup script (if you installed it) 201: if [ -f etc/rc.d/ec2_init ]; then 202: chmod 755 etc/rc.d/ec2_init 203: fi 204: """]] 205: 206: You can then proceed to modifying the system living under */mnt/ec2*, so it can fit your needs (adding custom binaries, packages, etc). When done, build the *NetBSD-AMI.img.gz* ffs image, via [[!template id=man name=makefs section=8]], or **nbmakefs**, from the [toolchain](http://www.netbsd.org/docs/guide/en/chap-build.html#chap-build-tools): 207: 208: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 209: $ makefs -t ffs -B le -s 256m -N /mnt/ec2/etc/ -o density=32k NetBSD-AMI.img /mnt/ec2/ 210: Calculated size of `NetBSD-AMI.img': 268435456 bytes, 7345 inodes 211: Extent size set to 8192 212: NetBSD-AMI.img: 256.0MB (524288 sectors) block size 8192, fragment size 1024 213: using 5 cylinder groups of 53.88MB, 6896 blks, 1728 inodes. 214: super-block backups (for fsck -b #) at: 215: 32, 110368, 220704, 331040, 441376, 216: Populating `NetBSD-AMI.img' 217: Image `NetBSD-AMI.img' complete 218: $ gzip -9n NetBSD-AMI.img 219: """]] 220: 221: # Upload NetBSD to EC2 222: 223: We must now upload our NetBSD system to EC2. For that, we will have to create a minimalist EC2 instance, to which we will copy our files to construct our snapshots. We will use an Amazon Linux AMI instance. 224: 225: EC2 being localized in geographical regions, you have to carefully choose the AMI identifier you want to use there. This depends on where you want to execute your instance. Amazon Linux AMI IDs are listed on [the main page](http://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-ami/) of the project, by regions. Choose ones backed by EBS. 226: 227: The examples listed here assume that the instances run in **US East**, within the **c** zone (e.g. **us-east-1c**). To have a list of EC2 regions, you can use the command **ec2-describe-regions**, and **ec2-describe-availability-zones** for availability zones. 228: 229: ## Create an Amazon Linux instance 230: 231: Creating an instance is straightforward. Amazon provides [different types of instances](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/), with varying levels of billing and reliability. We will use a [*micro* instance](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#How_much_compute_power_do_Micro_instances_provide); its pricing is almost free. 232: 233: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 234: $ ec2-run-instances ami-74f0061d -t t1.micro -z us-east-1c -k $EC2_SSH_KEYNAME 235: RESERVATION r-1ab61377 983624114127 default 236: INSTANCE i-5babe737 ami-74f0061d pending <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-17T23:15:04+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled ebs paravirtual xen 237: """]] 238: 239: Use the instance identifier **i-XXXXXXX** to query the instance state via **ec2-describe-instances**. It will take some time to launch: 240: 241: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 242: $ sleep 5 && ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737 | grep running 243: $ sleep 5 && ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737 | grep running 244: INSTANCE i-5babe737 ami-74f0061d ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal running <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled 67.202.24.108 10.99.86.193 ebs 245: """]] 246: 247: ## Create and attach your NetBSD volumes 248: 249: We will have to create and attach two EBS volumes: 250: 251: 1. one to contain the Grub *menu.lst* config file, as well as the NetBSD kernel. 252: 1. the other one will contain the root file-system. 253: 254: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 255: ec2-create-volume -s 1 -z us-east-1c # 1GiB -- will be used for Grub and kernel 256: VOLUME vol-24f88d4c 1 us-east-1c creating 2011-02-18T00:06:21+0000 257: ec2-create-volume -s 5 -z us-east-1c # 5GiB -- will contain the root file-system 258: VOLUME vol-36f88d5e 5 us-east-1c creating 2011-02-18T00:06:32+0000 259: *** Wait until both volumes are marked as "available" *** 260: ec2-describe-volumes vol-24f88d4c vol-36f88d5e 261: VOLUME vol-36f88d5e 5 us-east-1c available 2011-02-18T00:06:32+0000 262: VOLUME vol-24f88d4c 1 us-east-1c available 2011-02-18T00:06:21+0000 263: # Attach them under /dev/sdf and /dev/sdg respectively 264: ec2-attach-volume vol-36f88d5e -i i-5babe737 -d "/dev/sdf" # root file-system 265: ATTACHMENT vol-36f88d5e i-5babe737 /dev/sdf attaching 2011-02-18T00:13:53+0000 266: ec2-attach-volume vol-24f88d4c -i i-5babe737 -d "/dev/sdg" # Grub and kernel 267: ATTACHMENT vol-24f88d4c i-5babe737 /dev/sdg attaching 2011-02-18T00:14:02+0000 268: *** Wait until both volumes are "attached" *** 269: ec2-describe-volumes vol-24f88d4c vol-36f88d5e 270: VOLUME vol-36f88d5e 5 us-east-1c in-use 2011-02-18T00:06:32+0000 271: ATTACHMENT vol-36f88d5e i-5babe737 /dev/sdf attached 2011-02-18T00:14:00+0000 272: VOLUME vol-24f88d4c 1 us-east-1c in-use 2011-02-18T00:06:21+0000 273: ATTACHMENT vol-24f88d4c i-5babe737 /dev/sdg attached 2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000 274: """]] 275: 276: ## Snapshots! 277: 278: Before we can connect to our brand new instance, we have to allow connections on SSH port (22) through the AWS EC2 firewall: 279: 280: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 281: $ ec2-authorize default -p 22 282: GROUP default 283: PERMISSION default ALLOWS tcp 22 22 FROM CIDR 0.0.0.0/0 284: """]] 285: 286: We can now upload the kernel and the NetBSD disk image created earlier, *NetBSD-AMI.img.gz*, to our instance host: 287: 288: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 289: # Upload kernel to Linux AMI 290: rsync -aPv -e "ssh -i $EC2_SSH_KEY" /usr/obj/sys/arch/amd64/compile/XEN3_DOMU/netbsd \ 291: ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com: 292: # Upload disk image 293: rsync -aPv -e "ssh -i $EC2_SSH_KEY" NetBSD-AMI.img.gz \ 294: ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com: 295: """]] 296: 297: Then, log in to the instance, via its name. We will format and mount the Grub partition, create the *menu.lst* file, then copy files to their respective partitions. 298: 299: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 300: $ ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737 301: INSTANCE i-5babe737 ami-74f0061d ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal running <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled 67.202.24.108 10.99.86.193 ebs 302: $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com 303: [...] 304: [ec2-user@ip-10-99-86-193 ~]$ sudo su 305: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkdir /mnt/grub 306: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkfs.ext2 /dev/sdg 307: [...] 308: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mount /dev/sdg /mnt/grub/ 309: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkdir -p /mnt/grub/boot/grub/ 310: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# cat > /mnt/grub/boot/grub/menu.lst << EOF 311: default=0 312: timeout=0 313: hiddenmenu 314: 315: title NetBSD AMI 316: root (hd0) 317: kernel /boot/netbsd root=xbd1 318: EOF 319: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mv netbsd /mnt/grub/boot/ 320: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# umount /dev/sdg 321: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# gunzip < NetBSD-AMI.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sdf bs=32k 322: [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# sync 323: """]] 324: 325: ## Shutdown the Linux instance 326: 327: We now have to detach volumes, snapshot them, then we shutdown the Linux instance. 328: 329: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 330: # ec2-detach-volume vol-36f88d5e 331: ATTACHMENT vol-36f88d5e i-5babe737 /dev/sdf detaching 2011-02-18T00:14:00+0000 332: # ec2-detach-volume vol-24f88d4c 333: ATTACHMENT vol-24f88d4c i-5babe737 /dev/sdg detaching 2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000 334: # ec2-create-snapshot vol-36f88d5e 335: SNAPSHOT snap-deef2bb2 vol-36f88d5e pending 2011-02-18T01:17:59+0000 983624114127 5 336: # ec2-create-snapshot vol-24f88d4c 337: SNAPSHOT snap-8aef2be6 vol-24f88d4c pending 2011-02-18T01:18:10+0000 983624114127 1 338: # ec2-terminate-instances i-5babe737 339: INSTANCE i-5babe737 running shutting-down 340: """]] 341: 342: # Playing with your first NetBSD instance 343: 344: ## Create your first NetBSD AMI 345: 346: An AMI requires multiples components to be registered: the snapshots IDs we made in the previous chapter, as well as a specific AKI: the one that can chain-load Xenified kernels through PyGrub. 347: 348: /!\ AKIs are entitled to the same conditions as AMIs: their IDs are region-specific. So choose one carefully, or you will not be able to launch your NetBSD instance later! 349: 350: The list of AKIs that suits our situation can be obtained with the following command: 351: 352: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 353: # Obtain all kernel images (AKI) for region US East, for which manifest location contains pv-grub (for PyGrub) 354: # ec2-describe-images -a --region=us-east-1 -F image-type=kernel -F manifest-location=*pv-grub* 355: IMAGE aki-407d9529 ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd0-V1.01-i386.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public i386 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen 356: IMAGE aki-427d952b ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd0-V1.01-x86_64.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public x86_64 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen 357: IMAGE aki-4c7d9525 ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd00-V1.01-i386.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public i386 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen 358: IMAGE aki-4e7d9527 ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd00-V1.01-x86_64.gz.manifest.xml amazon available public x86_64 kernel instance-store paravirtual xen 359: """]] 360: 361: Pick the one with the correct architecture (x86_64 here). **hd0** are for AMIs where the snapshot contains no partition (where the volume is itself the whole partition), while **hd00** are for snapshots partitioned in a classical way (via MBR). Choose **hd0** AKIs. In this case, that will be **aki-427d952b**. 362: 363: We can proceed to the creation of our AMI, with: 364: 365: 1. */dev/sda1* as Grub partition (*/dev/sdg*, snapshot **snap-8aef2be6** of volume **vol-24f88d4c**) 366: 1. */dev/sda2* as root file-system (*/dev/sdf*, snapshot **snap-deef2bb2** of volume **vol-36f88d5e**) 367: 368: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 369: $ ec2-register -a x86_64 --kernel aki-427d952b --region us-east-1 \ 370: -b "/dev/sda1=snap-8aef2be6" -b "/dev/sda2=snap-deef2bb2" -n "NetBSD-x86_64-current" \ 371: -d "<add your own description here> 372: IMAGE ami-74d0231d 373: """]] 374: 375: ## Launch your first instance 376: 377: You can now start your own NetBSD instance, via: 378: 379: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 380: $ ec2-run-instances ami-74d0231d -t t1.micro -z us-east-1c -k $EC2_SSH_KEYNAME 381: RESERVATION r-08218465 983624114127 default 382: INSTANCE i-953d72f9 ami-74d0231d pending 0 t1.micro 2011-02-18T02:05:46+0000 us-east-1c aki-4e7d9527 monitoring-disabled 383: *** Wait a few minutes, micro instances take time to start *** 384: # Query console output for your new instance 385: $ ec2-get-console-output i-953d72f9 386: Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 387: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 388: The NetBSD Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved. 389: Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993 390: The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. 391: 392: NetBSD 5.99.45 (XEN3_DOMU) #9: Wed Feb 16 21:14:49 CET 2011 393: [...] 394: NetBSD/amd64 (ip-10-112-58-223.ec2.internal) (console) 395: 396: login: 397: """]] 398: 399: ## Connect to your NetBSD instance 400: 401: Connection is similar to the one you used for the Amazon Linux instance, except that you login as "root" instead of "ec2-user": 402: 403: [[!template id=programlisting text=""" 404: $ ec2-describe-instances i-953d72f9 405: RESERVATION r-da8021b7 983624114127 default 406: INSTANCE i-953d72f9 ami-74d0231d ec2-50-16-3-55.compute-1.amazonaws.com ip-10-112-58-223.ec2.internal running <your_ssh_key_pair_name> 0 t1.micro 2011-02-19T04:01:03+0000 us-east-1c aki-427d952b monitoring-disabled 50.16.3.55 10.112.58.223 ebs paravirtual xen 407: BLOCKDEVICE /dev/sda1 vol-ec3c4a84 2011-02-19T04:01:31.000Z 408: BLOCKDEVICE /dev/sda2 vol-ee3c4a86 2011-02-19T04:01:31.000Z 409: $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" root@ec2-50-16-3-55.compute-1.amazonaws.com 410: The authenticity of host 'ec2-50-16-3-55.compute-1.amazonaws.com (50.16.3.55)' can't be established. 411: [...] 412: Thank you for helping us test and improve NetBSD. 413: 414: Terminal type is xterm. 415: We recommend that you create a non-root account and use su(1) for root access. 416: ip-10-112-58-223# uname -a 417: NetBSD ip-10-112-58-223.ec2.internal 5.99.45 NetBSD 5.99.45 (XEN3_DOMU) #9: Wed Feb 16 21:14:49 CET 2011 jym@paris:/home/jym/cvs/obj/sys/arch/amd64/compile/XEN3_DOMU amd64 418: ip-10-112-58-223# 419: """]] 420: 421: Done! 422: 423: ## And now? 424: 425: Well, you got a NetBSD instance that is in almost every part similar to what a NetBSD domU can be. You can use this domU to host Internet services, run a database, extend your build farm, or use it as a sandbox. The AMI being built around snapshots, you can play and break your instance in every way you want; just restart one anew if you need to. Don't forget that Amazon will charge acccordingly :) 426: 427: Remember, you can query information regarding your AWS account through [[!template id=pkg category=misc name=ec2-api-tools]] package. It is quite easy to use these tools for scripting; for a more elaborate, graphical interface, use the [Amazon Management Console](https://console.aws.amazon.com/ec2/home).