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version 1.9, 2011/02/18 01:04:32 version 1.16, 2011/02/18 03:47:33
Line 15  Before you can start playing with Amazon Line 15  Before you can start playing with Amazon
 1. you "sign-up" directly on [Amazon Web Services](http://aws.amazon.com/) home-page. This is where you enter your credentials, and confirm your AWS account registration.  1. you "sign-up" directly on [Amazon Web Services](http://aws.amazon.com/) home-page. This is where you enter your credentials, and confirm your AWS account registration.
 1. you sign-up to EC2 through [EC2 AWS home-page](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/). You will be asked some more information, like a credit card (for billing), and a phone-number, for account validation.  1. you sign-up to EC2 through [EC2 AWS home-page](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/). You will be asked some more information, like a credit card (for billing), and a phone-number, for account validation.
   
 ## What do you need to know  ## What do you need to know?
   
 EC2 uses different types of credentials. In addition to your login and password, you need an access key, a X.509 certificate (with its private key), and a pair of RSA keys, for remote SSH access.  EC2 uses different types of credentials. In addition to your login and password, you need an access key, a X.509 certificate (with its private key), and a pair of RSA keys, for remote SSH access.
   
Line 54  export EC2_SECRET_KEY=MYSECRETACCESSKEY Line 54  export EC2_SECRET_KEY=MYSECRETACCESSKEY
   
 Please note that the rest of the tutorial will assume that these variables are set.  Please note that the rest of the tutorial will assume that these variables are set.
   
 ### Installing EC2 API tools  ## Installing EC2 API tools
   
 NetBSD provides EC2 API tools, to ease EC2 account management a little bit. The package is found inside [pkgsrc](http://www.pkgsrc.org), under [[!template id=pkg category=misc name=ec2-api-tools]].  NetBSD provides EC2 API tools, to ease EC2 account management a little bit. The package is found inside [pkgsrc](http://www.pkgsrc.org), under [[!template id=pkg category=misc name=ec2-api-tools]].
   
Line 65  make ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=amazon-softwar Line 65  make ACCEPTABLE_LICENSES+=amazon-softwar
   
 Package depends on Java, so build will take some time to finish. While it builds, just continue reading.  Package depends on Java, so build will take some time to finish. While it builds, just continue reading.
   
 ### EC2 vocabulary -- last notes  ## EC2 vocabulary -- last notes
   
 Before starting to play with EC2, you need to be familiar with the EC2 vocabulary used throughout this tutorial.  Before starting to play with EC2, you need to be familiar with the EC2 vocabulary used throughout this tutorial.
   
Line 77  These instances are tied to a *region* ( Line 77  These instances are tied to a *region* (
   
 AKI, or *Amazon Kernel Image*, are a specific type of image. It represents the Xen guest para-virtualized kernel, as used by an AMI. Certain AKIs are allowed to boot customized operating systems, e.g. those that are still not officially supported by Amazon. Thanks to [PyGrub](http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/PyGrub), it can boot a kernel that resides inside an AMI's snapshot.  AKI, or *Amazon Kernel Image*, are a specific type of image. It represents the Xen guest para-virtualized kernel, as used by an AMI. Certain AKIs are allowed to boot customized operating systems, e.g. those that are still not officially supported by Amazon. Thanks to [PyGrub](http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/PyGrub), it can boot a kernel that resides inside an AMI's snapshot.
   
 # Building your first AMI (Amazon Image)  # Building-up your NetBSD system
   
 ## Pre-built AMIs  
   
 (For the future) Once NetBSD has decent support for Amazon EC2, we will publish the AMI identifiers so you can quickly boot up in a NetBSD environment without going through all the steps given below.  
   
 ## Fetch and build NetBSD  ## Fetch and build NetBSD
   
Line 93  This tutorial assumes that you will buil Line 89  This tutorial assumes that you will buil
   
 XXX build and install /mnt/ec2  XXX build and install /mnt/ec2
   
 ## Configuration  # Configuration of your NetBSD EC2 tree
   
 /!\This part assumes that you have a non-configured NetBSD system extracted under */mnt/ec2*; that is, it should have not been modified through [[!template id=man name=sysinst section=8]], nor by you.  /!\This part assumes that you have a non-configured NetBSD system extracted under */mnt/ec2*; that is, it should have not been modified through [[!template id=man name=sysinst section=8]], nor by you.
   
Line 140  Image `NetBSD-AMI.img' complete Line 136  Image `NetBSD-AMI.img' complete
 $ gzip -9n NetBSD-AMI.img  $ gzip -9n NetBSD-AMI.img
 """]]  """]]
   
 ## Upload your OS  # Uploading NetBSD to EC2
   
 We must now upload our NetBSD system to EC2. For that, we will have to create a minimalist EC2 instance, to which we will copy our files to construct our snapshots. For that, we will use an Amazon Linux AMI instance.  We must now upload our NetBSD system to EC2. For that, we will have to create a minimalist EC2 instance, to which we will copy our files to construct our snapshots. For that, we will use an Amazon Linux AMI instance.
   
Line 148  EC2 being localized in geographical regi Line 144  EC2 being localized in geographical regi
   
 The examples listed here assume that the instances run in **US East**, within the **c** zone (e.g. **us-east-1c**). To have a list of EC2 regions, you can use the command **ec2-describe-regions**, and **ec2-describe-availability-zones** for availability zones.  The examples listed here assume that the instances run in **US East**, within the **c** zone (e.g. **us-east-1c**). To have a list of EC2 regions, you can use the command **ec2-describe-regions**, and **ec2-describe-availability-zones** for availability zones.
   
 ### Creating the instance  ## Creating the instance
   
 Creating an instance straightforward. Amazon provides [different types of instances](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/), with varying levels of billing and reliability. We will use a [*micro* instance](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#How_much_compute_power_do_Micro_instances_provide); its pricing is almost free.  Creating an instance straightforward. Amazon provides [different types of instances](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/), with varying levels of billing and reliability. We will use a [*micro* instance](http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#How_much_compute_power_do_Micro_instances_provide); its pricing is almost free.
   
Line 166  $ sleep 5 && ec2-describe-instances i-5b Line 162  $ sleep 5 && ec2-describe-instances i-5b
 INSTANCE        i-5babe737      ami-74f0061d    <strong>ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com</strong>       ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal    running &lt;your_ssh_key_pair_name&gt;  0               t1.micro        2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000        us-east-1c      aki-427d952b                    monitoring-disabled     67.202.24.108   10.99.86.193                    ebs  INSTANCE        i-5babe737      ami-74f0061d    <strong>ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com</strong>       ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal    running &lt;your_ssh_key_pair_name&gt;  0               t1.micro        2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000        us-east-1c      aki-427d952b                    monitoring-disabled     67.202.24.108   10.99.86.193                    ebs
 """]]  """]]
   
 ### Upload your files  ## Upload your files
   
 We will have to create and attach two EBS volumes:  We will have to create and attach two EBS volumes:
   
 1. one to contain the Grub *menu.lst* config file, as well as the NetBSD kernel.  1. one to contain the Grub *menu.lst* config file, as well as the NetBSD kernel.
 1. the other one will contain the root file-system.  1. the other one will contain the root file-system.
   
 #### Creating and attaching volumes  ### Creating and attaching volumes
   
 [[!template id=programlisting text="""  [[!template id=programlisting text="""
 <strong>ec2-create-volume -s 1 -z us-east-1c</strong> # 1GiB -- will be used for Grub and kernel  <strong>ec2-create-volume -s 1 -z us-east-1c</strong> # 1GiB -- will be used for Grub and kernel
Line 197  VOLUME  vol-24f88d4c    1                Line 193  VOLUME  vol-24f88d4c    1               
 ATTACHMENT      vol-24f88d4c    i-5babe737      /dev/sdg        attached        2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000  ATTACHMENT      vol-24f88d4c    i-5babe737      /dev/sdg        attached        2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000
 """]]  """]]
   
 ### Snapshots!  ## Snapshots!
   
 We have to upload the kernel and the NetBSD disk image created earlier, *NetBSD-AMI.img*, to our instance host:  We have to upload the kernel and the NetBSD disk image created earlier, *NetBSD-AMI.img*, to our instance host:
   
Line 210  rsync -aPv -e "ssh -i $EC2_SSH_KEY" NetB Line 206  rsync -aPv -e "ssh -i $EC2_SSH_KEY" NetB
         ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com:          ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com:
 """]]  """]]
   
 Connect to the instance, through its name. We will format and mount the Grub partition, create the *menu.lst* file, then copy files to their respective partitions.  Before connecting to the instance, we have to allow connection on SSH port (22) through firewall. Then, log in to the instance, through its name. We will format and mount the Grub partition, create the *menu.lst* file, then copy files to their respective partitions.
   
 [[!template id=programlisting text="""  [[!template id=programlisting text="""
 $ ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737  $ ec2-describe-instances i-5babe737
 INSTANCE        i-5babe737      ami-74f0061d    <strong>ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com</strong>       ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal    running &lt;your_ssh_key_pair_name&gt;  0               t1.micro        2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000        us-east-1c      aki-427d952b                    monitoring-disabled     67.202.24.108   10.99.86.193                    ebs  INSTANCE        i-5babe737      ami-74f0061d    <strong>ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com</strong>       ip-10-99-86-193.ec2.internal    running &lt;your_ssh_key_pair_name&gt;  0               t1.micro        2011-02-17T23:22:37+0000        us-east-1c      aki-427d952b                    monitoring-disabled     67.202.24.108   10.99.86.193                    ebs
   $ ec2-authorize default -p 22
   GROUP           default 
   PERMISSION              default ALLOWS  tcp     22      22      FROM    CIDR    0.0.0.0/0
 $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com  $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ec2-user@ec2-67-202-24-108.compute-1.amazonaws.com
 [...]  [...]
 [ec2-user@ip-10-99-86-193 ~]$ sudo su  [ec2-user@ip-10-99-86-193 ~]$ sudo su
Line 224  $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ec2-user@ec2-67- Line 223  $ ssh -i "$EC2_SSH_KEY" ec2-user@ec2-67-
 [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mount /dev/sdg /mnt/grub/  [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mount /dev/sdg /mnt/grub/
 [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkdir -p /mnt/grub/boot/grub/  [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mkdir -p /mnt/grub/boot/grub/
 [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# cat > /mnt/grub/boot/grub/menu.lst << EOF  [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# cat > /mnt/grub/boot/grub/menu.lst << EOF
         default=0  default=0
         timeout=0  timeout=0
         hiddenmenu  hiddenmenu
   
         title NetBSD AMI  title NetBSD AMI
             root (hd0)  root (hd0)
             kernel /boot/netbsd root=xbd1  kernel /boot/netbsd root=xbd1
 EOF  EOF
 [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mv netbsd /mnt/grub/boot/  [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# mv netbsd /mnt/grub/boot/
 [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# umount /dev/sdg  [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# umount /dev/sdg
 [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# gunzip < NetBSD-AMI.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sdf bs=32k  [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# gunzip < NetBSD-AMI.img.gz | dd of=/dev/sdf bs=32k
   [root@ip-10-99-86-193 ec2-user]# sync
   """]]
   
   ## Shutdown the Linux instance
   
   We now have to detach volumes, snapshot them, then we shutdown the Linux instance.
   
   [[!template id=programlisting text="""
   # ec2-detach-volume vol-36f88d5e
   ATTACHMENT      vol-36f88d5e    i-5babe737      /dev/sdf        detaching       2011-02-18T00:14:00+0000
   # ec2-detach-volume vol-24f88d4c
   ATTACHMENT      vol-24f88d4c    i-5babe737      /dev/sdg        detaching       2011-02-18T00:14:10+0000
   # ec2-create-snapshot vol-36f88d5e
   SNAPSHOT        <strong>snap-deef2bb2</strong>   vol-36f88d5e    pending 2011-02-18T01:17:59+0000                983624114127    5
   # ec2-create-snapshot vol-24f88d4c
   SNAPSHOT        <strong>snap-8aef2be6</strong>   vol-24f88d4c    pending 2011-02-18T01:18:10+0000                983624114127    1
   # ec2-terminate-instances i-5babe737
   INSTANCE        i-5babe737      running shutting-down
 """]]  """]]
   
 ### Shutdown the Linux instance  # Playing with your first NetBSD instance
   
 ## Create your first NetBSD AMI  ## Create your first NetBSD AMI
   
 # Play with your first NetBSD instance  An AMI requires multiples components to be registered: the snapshots IDs we made in the previous chapter, as well as a specific AKI: the one that can chain-load Xenified kernels through PyGrub.
   
   /!\ AKIs are entitled to the same conditions as AMIs: their IDs are region-specific. So chose one carefully, or you will not be able to launch a NetBSD instance later!
   
   The list of AKIs that suits our situation can be obtained with the following command:
   
   [[!template id=programlisting text="""
   # Obtain all kernel images (AKI) for region US East, for which manifest location contains pv-grub (for PyGrub)
   # ec2-describe-images -a --region=us-east-1 -F image-type=kernel -F manifest-location=*pv-grub*
   IMAGE   aki-407d9529    ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd0-V1.01-i386.gz.manifest.xml        amazon  available       public          i386    kernel                          instance-store  paravirtual     xen
   <strong>IMAGE   aki-427d952b    ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd0-V1.01-x86_64.gz.manifest.xml      amazon  available       public          x86_64  kernel                          instance-store  paravirtual     xen</strong>
   IMAGE   aki-4c7d9525    ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd00-V1.01-i386.gz.manifest.xml       amazon  available       public          i386    kernel                          instance-store  paravirtual     xen
   IMAGE   aki-4e7d9527    ec2-public-images/pv-grub-hd00-V1.01-x86_64.gz.manifest.xml     amazon  available       public          x86_64  kernel                          instance-store  paravirtual     xen
   """]]
   
   Pick the one with the correct architecture (x86_64 here). **hd0** are for AMIs where the snapshot contains no partition (where the volume is itself the whole partition), while **hd00** are for snapshots partitioned in a classical way (via MBR). Choose **hd0** AKIs. In this case, that will be **aki-427d952b**.
   
   We can proceed to the creation of our AMI, with:
   
   1. */dev/sda1* as Grub partition (*/dev/sdg*, snapshot **snap-8aef2be6** of volume **vol-24f88d4c**)
   1. */dev/sda2* as root file-system (*/dev/sdf*, snapshot **snap-deef2bb2** of volume **vol-36f88d5e**)
   
   [[!template id=programlisting text="""
   $ ec2-register -a x86_64 --kernel aki-4e7d9527 --region us-east-1 \
       -b "/dev/sda1=snap-8aef2be6" -b "/dev/sda2=snap-deef2bb2" -n "NetBSD-x86_64-current" \
       -d "&lt;add your own description here&gt;
   IMAGE   <strong>ami-74d0231d</strong>
   """]]
   
   ## Launch your first instance
   
   You can now start your own NetBSD instance, via:
   
   [[!template id=programlisting text="""
   $ ec2-run-instances ami-74d0231d -t t1.micro -z us-east-1c     
   RESERVATION     r-08218465      983624114127    default
   INSTANCE        <strong>i-953d72f9</strong>      ami-74d0231d                    pending         0               t1.micro        2011-02-18T02:05:46+0000        us-east-1c      aki-4e7d9527                    monitoring-disabled
   *** Wait a few minutes, micro instances take time to start ***
   # Query console output for your new instance
   $ ec2-get-console-output i-953d72f9
   Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
       2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011
       The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.  All rights reserved.
   Copyright (c) 1982, 1986, 1989, 1991, 1993
       The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
   
 ## Create the instance  NetBSD 5.99.45 (XEN3_DOMU) #9: Wed Feb 16 21:14:49 CET 2011
           jym@paris:/home/jym/cvs/obj/sys/arch/amd64/compile/XEN3_DOMU
   [...]
   """]]
   
 ## Connect to it  ## Connect to your NetBSD instance
   
 ## And now?  ## And now?
Removed from v.1.9  
changed lines
  Added in v.1.16

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